Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons^™

Utility Rate Structures: What We Can And Should Do And What We Can’T And Should Not Do, Charles David Laderoute

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the economics of a nurrber of items of interest in public utility rate design. These include: lifeline rates, time-of-day rates, marginal cost pricing, and so-called "free services."

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

An Energy Initiative -- To Inform The Public, James E. Beavers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper discusses the formulation and implementation of an Energy Initiative Program whose purpose 1s to inform and educate the public. The program is supported by the efforts of the Coordinating Committee on Energy (CCE) of the Association for Cooperation in Engineering (ACE) composed of representatives from 22 national engineering societies.

Planning For Energy Conservation -- A Cooperative City/University Effort, A. Richard Graham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Cities that are planning energy conservation programs are often in need of assistance in organizing the programs. This paper describes a project which is providing this service to a pilot network of cities. Programs which have been Implemented are described.

Assessment Of Residential Energy Use: Some Results And Methodologies, Gunar E. Liepins

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the problem of determining residential energy use. Specifically, it discusses some of the estimation methods, selected results, and potential errors in the estimates.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

To Light Or Not To Light? -- That Is The Energy Question, J. Byron Nelson, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The controversy over lighting levels has existed for some time. Interest in methods of lighting has been heightened by the energy crisis. It has been estimated that lighting consumes approximately five percent of the nation's energy, therefore lighting is a relatively small energy user when compared to transportation and industrial processes which consume the bulk of the nation's energy. However, any saving that will make a contribution to the energy crisis should be considered. Consequently, this paper shows how energy for lighting may be reduced without sacrificing the present quality of lighting and in some cases, actually improve the lighting …

Developing And Implementing A Municipal Energy Program, Howard Hufford, Steve Brooks, Ann Hall, Nancy Southworth

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Faced with the responsibility of providing energy and water services for a rapidly-growing community, City Utilities is looking for ways to encourage more efficient use of our available energy resources.

This paper describes the progress made and some of the pitfalls encountered by a municipal utility during implementation of energy programs as part of a federal, pilot demonstration project.

A Case Study Of Conservation In Space Heating Requirements Of A Single-Family Home, Robert M. Boeke

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy requirements for space heating in a single-family home were studied over a period of four heating seasons. The effects of added insulation, reduced thermostat settings and other conservation techniques were measured. The potential for energy conservation in residences, under actual living conditions, was clearly demonstrated.

Conducting Successful Energy Audits, J. M. Phillips, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Part of any successful energy management program is well designed and conducted energy audits. Basically, there are three types of energy audits. They are 1) Gross, 2) Detailed, and 3) Walk-Through Survey. Unfortunately, the literature seldom distinguishes between the three resulting in some confusion.

This paper helps clear that confusion by defining each type, giving examples of their application, and presenting directions or guidelines. Forms for each type of audit are included with the examples.

The forms and instructions have been developed under a program at Oklahoma State University designed to research and disseminate information to help industry better weather …

The Role Of The Energy Audit In Reducing Building Energy Consumption, William T. Snyder, Frederick W. Symonds, Richard J. Jendrucko

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The application of the energy audit process to the reduction of energy consumption in buildings is described. A methodology for selecting from an inventory of buildings those buildings which are candidates for a detailed energy audit is presented, and the analysis of energy consumption and cost savings resulting from implementation of energy conservation opportunities (ECO's) is detailed. A practical payback period formula is presented which includes escalating energy costs. The audit and analysis procedures are illustrated by two case studies.

The Role Of The Energy Manager, Charles E. Dorgan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper sets forth the general responsibilities of the energy manager. The role the energy manager plays in making an energy management program successful is the main emphasis. Several lists have been developed to illustrate the diverse role of the energy manager.

Carrying Water To Newcastle, Lloyd Lore Wartes

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Western coals, now being shipped by unit trains to eastern and southern markets, contain from 13% to 32% moisture. Drying of these coals at the mine would reduce the cost of coal to the utilities from 10% to 16% IF the railroads do not materially increase rates on higher BTU coal.

The spontaneous combustion of dry coal can be inhibited, and the savings per unit train should range from $1,375,000 to $4,129,000 per year according to the various minimum tonnage rates. The shipment of dried coal will reduce the tonnages being shipped by 15%, or increase the railroad carrying capacity …

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

Effective Use Of Bottom Ash As A Geotechnical Material, Braja M. Das, Ali A. Selim, Tom W. Pfeifle

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Some geotechnical properties of bottom ash produced from the burning of North Dakota lignite in a power plant are presented. These properties include grain size distribution, maximum and minimum void ratios, maximum dry density of compaction and optimum moisture content from standard Proctor tests, angle of friction, one-dimensional compressibility, and coefficient of permeability. The geotechnical properties of this bottom ash, as determined from laboratory tests, appear to be comparable to those generally obtained from poorly graded sands and indicate that bottom ash can be used for such works as backfill of retaining structures, construction of highway embankments, and fill material …

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

Possibilities Of Combined Heat Recovery And Air Pollution Control Systems, V. Frank Mach

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Combined heat recovery with air pollution control is applicable on many industrial high temperature emissions. Some methods are discussed in this paper. Two examples illustrate that such a combination offers benefit in both energy conservation and less costly protection of the environment.

Waste Heat Recovery In Oklahoma Industry, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb, J. M. Phillips

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is presently a great deal of interest in renewable source or "free" energy. The U. S. Department of Energy recognizes waste heat as one of these renewable sources and much effort is being exercised to fully utilize waste heat capabilities.

Industry in Oklahoma has recognized the wealth of potential in waste heat recovery and has completed numerous projects in the area. This paper summarizes the major Oklahoma industrial waste heat projects. For each project, the objectives, results, and suggestions are given. Particular emphasis is given on cost effectiveness, evaluation and application to other industries.

Included in the study among …

Reducing Heat Losses With Ceramic Fiber, Ronald E. Domst

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A series of case histories describing how various industries have conserved energy by using ceramic fiber. In addition to the energy savings, other advantages are achieved, such as better working conditions and increased production. Documented figures obtained by these companies indicate the percentage or dollar value saved.

Electric Thermal, High Temperature Storage Heater Design Procedures, D. Bowman, R. S. Ramshaw, S. Stricker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

From developed design procedures a number of electric, thermal storage unit configurations are compared. The comparison is based on specifications of low volume, high energy capacity and high power output suitable for residences in North America.

Geostatistics: A Powerful Tool In The Evaluation Of Energy Resources, Jean-Michel M. Rendu

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Whether it is due to an increasing demand for energy resources, or to increasing environmental and technical constraints on the quality of these resources, the need for improved methods for the evaluation of low grade energy deposits is increasingly recognized. Many mineral deposits, such as uranium deposits, are characterized by skew sample value distributions, typically lognormal distributions. The purpose of this paper is to study the properties of some traditional and geostatistical methods applied to the local estimation of mineral deposits with lognormal value distribution, and to draw conclusions concerning the methods likely to give the best results. Some of …

The Development Of Coal-Based Emulsions And Their Potential Impact On The National Economy, Murphy I. Song

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The proposed national energy policy emphasizes the use of coal replacing oil and gas. Coal-oil mixture (COM) can be produced using techniques developed in recent years to replace oil and gas. Large existing utility and industrial boilers could be converted to bum COM by retrofitting the boilers. In addition, the COM provides definite financial advantages to the owners of large utility and industrial boilers. The use of COM impacts on the national economy through new investment for retrofitting utility and industrial boilers, through reduced importation of residual oil, and through increased demand for coal.

Usable Energy Resources Expand Under The Economic Pressures Of Fuel Scarcity, Raphael Shen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Until mankind finds properties in materials that are useful and usable under given economic conditions, these materials are not resources. In the past, many of them became usable as the ones they replaced became scarce and expensive. Market induced R & D toward profit seeking and cost minimization hastens to incorporate currently unused materials into the productive processes. With the increase in oil and natural gas prices, hitherto untapped energy sources present themselves as attractive alternatives. There will be no permanent shortage of energy resources, and the current energy crisis will be a page of past history in the foreseeable …

Energy Audits In New Mexico: Plans And Programs, Thomas T. Shishman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

New Mexico is planning and has implemented programs to provide Class A, B, and C energy audits to its citizens. These audits provide information to the owner/occupant of a structure about areas of energy waste and the economics of future actions and retrofit opportunities. Current programs include Class B audits for public schools and residences and Class C workbooks for schools, offices, and homes. Future projects will provide Class C workbooks for mobile homes and small businesses and development of a Class A program for non-residential structures.

It's The Effort That Counts, Wayne L. Daniel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper outlines the approach taken by a graphic arts company to continue operating within the confines of its non-interruptible General Service Rate for natural gas and simultaneously expand its production volume.

Disseminating Energy Information And Technical Assistance To Clientele Groups, H. Leroy Marlow

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In Pennsylvania an established statewide technical information network known as PENNTAP (Pennsylvania Technical Assistance Program) has been expanded as part of the federal Energy Extension Services pilot program. This program is providing energy conservation assistance to two clientele groups -- municipalities and small businesses. The operation of a successful technology transfer program is an activity which is being considered by many organizations and this presentation will discuss the philosophy, operational procedures, problems and successes of the PENNTAP/EES program.

Energy Efficiency: Determination And Commentary, Dennis M. Richter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy consumption is generally associated with quality of life and living standard of a society. Is this assumption correct and is the U.S.A. as efficient in converging the use of energy into societal well being as other countries of the world? These assumptions are explored and suggestions made concerning energy efficiency.

The Effects Of Energy Conservation On Politics, Employment And Inflation, B. M. Worrall

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The main tenet of this paper is that up to this time there has in fact been little incentive for consumers to conserve energy. An analysis of the three main types of energy user (industry, transportation and residential) and the ways in which energy may be conserved will show that the political action and legislation necessary for conservation would fail in our democratic society. It will be illustrated that a sudden decrease in energy consumption will cause any or all of the following to occur:- government revenues will fall, unemployment increase, companies go bankrupt, and an increase in prices. The …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1978, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Relating Wolf Scat Content To Prey Consumed, Theodore J. Floyd, L. David Mech, Peter A. Jordan

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

In 9 trials, captive wolves (Canis lupus) were fed prey varying in size from snowshoe (Lepus americanus) to adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and the resulting scats were counted. collectible scats were distinguished from liquid, noncollectible stools. In collectible scats, the small prey occurred in greater proportion relative to the prey's weight, and in lesser proportion to the prey's numbers, than did the remains of larger prey. A regression equation with an excellent the data (r² = 0.97) was derived to estimate the weight of prey eaten per collectible scat for With this information …