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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Quantitative Psychology
The Effect Of Magnitude And Probability On Plea Bargain Decision-Making, Megan L. Small
The Effect Of Magnitude And Probability On Plea Bargain Decision-Making, Megan L. Small
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Decision-making is studied in various aspects of life and can be especially vital in the context of the criminal justice system, such as plea bargains. Previous research in this area used a less commonly used task (fill-in-the-blank) in addition to a student sample (Falligant & Pence, 2019). The current study uses probability discounting to study the choice between accepting a plea bargain for a shorter incarceration sentence or risking a trial with a longer sentence on a sample of adults with experience in the criminal justice system. Three sentence durations, or magnitudes, were used (1 year, 5 years, and 25 …
The Impact Of Levodopa Administration On Learning From Short-Term And Long-Term Action Consequences: A Paradigm Validation., Masood Rezaei
The Impact Of Levodopa Administration On Learning From Short-Term And Long-Term Action Consequences: A Paradigm Validation., Masood Rezaei
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have identified two valuation systems in the human brain for controlling behavior known as model-free (MF) and model-based (MB). MF is based on immediate evaluation and MB is based on long-term evaluation of the outcome of our decisions. Previous studies suggest that dopamine baseline activity may play an important role in the balance between the two systems and determine how they compete or interact in controlling our actions. The overarching aims of this study is to investigate the impact of levodopa administration on learning from immediate and long-term action consequences, and to dissociate the role of …
Predictors Of Social Distancing And Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey In Seven U.S. States, Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc, Charlotte Williams
Predictors Of Social Distancing And Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey In Seven U.S. States, Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc, Charlotte Williams
Economics Faculty Scholarship
This paper presents preliminary summary results from a longitudinal study of participants in seven U.S. states during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to standard socio-economic characteristics, we collect data on various economic preference parameters: time, risk, and social preferences, and risk perception biases. We pay special attention to predictors that are both important drivers of social distancing and are potentially malleable and susceptible to policy levers. We note three important findings: (1) demographic characteristics exert the largest influence on social distancing measures and mask-wearing, (2) we show that individual risk perception and cognitive biases exert a critical role in influencing …
Conscientiousness, Extraversion, College Education, And Longevity Of High-Ability Individuals, Peter A. Savelyev
Conscientiousness, Extraversion, College Education, And Longevity Of High-Ability Individuals, Peter A. Savelyev
Arts & Sciences Articles
Using the 1922–1991 Terman Life-Cycle Study of Children with High Ability, I investigate the relationship between childhood noncognitive skills, college education, and longevity of a high-IQ population and find a strong relationship between college education and longevity for men. Conscientiousness and Extraversion are strongly related to longevity of men, even though their effects on education are, at best, weak. I demonstrate a number of behavioral mechanisms behind the estimated effects on longevity. I also find that men with higher levels of education and skills have superior health over the lifespan. For women of this historical cohort (born around 1910), who …
Apr Financial Stress Scale: Development And Validation Of A Multidimensional Measurement, Wookjae Heo, Soo Hyun Cho, Philseok Lee
Apr Financial Stress Scale: Development And Validation Of A Multidimensional Measurement, Wookjae Heo, Soo Hyun Cho, Philseok Lee
Journal of Financial Therapy
People usually experience financial stress in managing their financial resources. Despite financial stress’s importance in life outcomes and the need for a comprehensive and theory-based measurement of the construct, few studies have addressed the conceptual issues of financial stress and its measurement. Hence, by borrowing from theories of general stress, this study attempts to fill this gap. Using an expert panel and two separate online survey samples, we developed and validated a novel financial stress scale. A total of 688 responses were used in an exploratory factor analysis and 1,115 responses were used in a confirmatory factor analysis. This multidimensional …
Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith
Neurobehavioral Measurements Of Natural And Opioid Reward Value, Aaron Paul Smith
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
In the last decade, (non)prescription opioid abuse, opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnoses, and opioid-related overdoses have risen and represent a significant public health concern. One method of understanding OUD is as a disorder of choice that requires choosing opioid rewards at the expense of other nondrug rewards. The characterization of OUD as a disorder of choice is important as it implicates decision- making processes as therapeutic targets, such as the valuation of opioid rewards. However, reward-value measurement and interpretation are traditionally different in substance abuse research compared to related fields such as economics, animal behavior, and neuroeconomics and may be …
The Role Of Social Class And Construal Level In Social Justice And Fairness Beliefs, Prerana Bharadwaj
The Role Of Social Class And Construal Level In Social Justice And Fairness Beliefs, Prerana Bharadwaj
Doctoral Dissertations
What predicts support for the redistribution of resources to improve socioeconomic inequality? Social class, or the subjective perception of one’s resources and position in relation to others in a larger society, was examined as one relevant characteristic. Across four experiments, social class as subjective social status was manipulated (two) and measured (all four), and found to have a significant negative effect on support for the moral values of group-based equality (social justice) but not on individual deservingness (fairness) separate from political identity and other demographic characteristics. This effect was seen on stated principles but particularly relevant in approval ratings of …
Effect Of Price Reduction And Increased Service Frequency On Public Transport Travel, Inge Brechan
Effect Of Price Reduction And Increased Service Frequency On Public Transport Travel, Inge Brechan
Journal of Public Transportation
A random effects meta-analysis of the results from 15 projects involving price reduction and 9 projects involving increased service frequency showed that both price reduction and increased service frequency generated public transport travels. On average, the increased service frequency projects generated more travels by public transport than the price reduction projects. In the increased service frequency projects the proportion of travels generated by the increased frequency was strongly influenced by the size of the frequency increase. In the price reduction projects, we did not find a significant effect of the size of the price reduction on the proportion of travels …
Happiness Index Methodology, Laura Musikanski, Scott Cloutier, Erica Bejarano, Davi Briggs, Julia Colbert, Gracie Strasser, Steven Russell
Happiness Index Methodology, Laura Musikanski, Scott Cloutier, Erica Bejarano, Davi Briggs, Julia Colbert, Gracie Strasser, Steven Russell
Journal of Sustainable Social Change
The Happiness Index is a comprehensive survey instrument that assesses happiness, well-being, and aspects of sustainability and resilience. The Happiness Alliance developed the Happiness Index to provide a survey instrument to community organizers, researchers, and others seeking to use a subjective well-being index and data. It is the only instrument of its kind freely available worldwide and translated into over ten languages. This instrument can be used to measure satisfaction with life and the conditions of life. It can also be used to define income inequality, trust in government, sense of community and other aspects of well-being within specific demographics …
Happiness In Communities: How Neighborhoods, Cities And States Use Subjective Well-Being Metrics, Laura Musikanski, Carl Polley, Scott Cloutier, Erica Berejnoi, Julia Colbert
Happiness In Communities: How Neighborhoods, Cities And States Use Subjective Well-Being Metrics, Laura Musikanski, Carl Polley, Scott Cloutier, Erica Berejnoi, Julia Colbert
Journal of Sustainable Social Change
This essay, the fourth and last of a series published by the Journal of Social Change, is intended as a tool for community organizers, local policy makers, researchers, students and others to incorporate subjective well-being indicators into their measurements and management of happiness and well-being in their communities, for policy purposes, for research and for other purposes. It provides case studies of community-based efforts in five different regions (São Paulo, Brazil; Bristol, United Kingdom; Melbourne, Australia; Creston, British Columbia, Canada; and Vermont, United States) that either developed their own subjective well-being index or used the Happiness Alliance’s survey instrument …
The Smallest Upper Bound For The Pth Absolute Central Moment Of A Class Of Random Variables, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
The Smallest Upper Bound For The Pth Absolute Central Moment Of A Class Of Random Variables, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
We establish the smallest upper bound for the p absolute central moment over the class of all random variables with values in a compact interval. Numerical values of the bound are calculated for the first ten integer values of p, and its asymptotic behaviour derived when p tends to infinity. In addition, we establish an analogous bound in the case of all symmetric random variables with values in a compact interval. Such results play a role in a number of areas including actuarial science, economics, finance, operations research, and reliability.
An Optimal Strategy For Maximizing The Expected Real- Estate Selling Price: Accept Or Reject An Offer?, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Ricardas Zitikis
An Optimal Strategy For Maximizing The Expected Real- Estate Selling Price: Accept Or Reject An Offer?, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
Motivated by a real-life situation, we put forward a model and then derive an optimal strategy that maximizes the expected real-estate selling price when one of the only two remaining buyers has already made an offer but the other one is yet to make. Since the seller is not sure whether the other buyer would make a lower or higher offer, and given no recall, the seller needs a strategy to decide whether to accept or reject the first-come offer. The herein derived optimal seller's strategy, which maximizes the expected selling price, is illustrated under several scenarios, such as independent …
Convex Combinations Of Quadrant Dependent Copulas, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Convex Combinations Of Quadrant Dependent Copulas, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
It is well known that quadrant dependent (QD) random variables are also quadrant dependent in expectation (QDE). Recent literature has offered examples rigorously establishing the fact that there are QDE random variables which are not QD. The examples are based on convex combinations of specially chosen QD copulas: one negatively QD and another positively QD. In this paper we establish general results that determine when convex combinations of arbitrary QD copulas give rise to negatively or positively QD/QDE copulas. In addition to being an interesting mathematical exercise, the established results are helpful when modeling insurance and financial portfolios.
Integration–Segregation Decisions Under General Value Functions: ‘Create Your Own Bundle—Choose 1, 2 Or All 3!’, Martin Egozcue, Sebastien Massoni, Wing Wong, Ricardas Zitkiks
Integration–Segregation Decisions Under General Value Functions: ‘Create Your Own Bundle—Choose 1, 2 Or All 3!’, Martin Egozcue, Sebastien Massoni, Wing Wong, Ricardas Zitkiks
Martin Egozcue
Whether to keep products segregated (e.g., unbundled) or integrate some or all of them (e.g., bundle) has been a problem of profound interest in areas such as portfolio theory in finance, risk capital allocations in insurance and marketing of consumer products. Such decisions are inherently complex and depend on factors such as the underlying product values and consumer preferences, the latter being frequently described using value functions, also known as utility functions in economics. In this paper, we develop decision rules for multiple products, which we generally call ‘exposure units’ to naturally cover manifold scenarios spanning well beyond ‘products’. Our …
Gains From Diversification: A Regret Theory Approach, Martin Egozcue
Gains From Diversification: A Regret Theory Approach, Martin Egozcue
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Governance-Default Risk Relationship And The Demand For Intermediated And Non-Intermediated Debt, Safdar Khan
Governance-Default Risk Relationship And The Demand For Intermediated And Non-Intermediated Debt, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
Daily Stock Market Movement From Oscillating Social Mood Factors, Cari Bourette
Daily Stock Market Movement From Oscillating Social Mood Factors, Cari Bourette
Cari Bourette
Since 2006, there has been ongoing research into the correlation of a set of oscillating mood factors and socioeconomic, geopolitical, and natural events with the goal of forecasting increased risks of destabilizing events. While promising results have been forthcoming, it has been difficult to present models that allowed those outside a small circle of specialists to participate. Between July 2007 and June 2010, weekly social mood projections, as published in monthly issues of MoodCompass, were used to develop a model to convert four oscillating mood factors into stock market expectations. This model was modified to generate signals of projected stock …
Do Investors Like To Diversify? A Study Of Markowitz Preferences, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Do Investors Like To Diversify? A Study Of Markowitz Preferences, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Gruss-Type Bounds For Covariances And The Notion Of Quadrant Dependence In Expectation, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Ricardas Zitikis, Wing Keung Wong
Gruss-Type Bounds For Covariances And The Notion Of Quadrant Dependence In Expectation, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Ricardas Zitikis, Wing Keung Wong
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Women’S Decision Making: A Contextual Assessment, Safdar Khan
Women’S Decision Making: A Contextual Assessment, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
The Covariance Sign Of Transformed Random Variables With Applications To Economics And Finance, Martin Egozcue
The Covariance Sign Of Transformed Random Variables With Applications To Economics And Finance, Martin Egozcue
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Prospect Theory, Indifference Curves, And Hedging Risks, Udo Broll, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Prospect Theory, Indifference Curves, And Hedging Risks, Udo Broll, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
The prospect theory is one of the most popular decision-making theories. It is based on S-shaped utility functions, unlike the von Neumann and Morgenstern (NM) theory, which is based on concave utility functions. The S-shaped functions bring challenges, and extensions and generalizations of the NM theory into the prospect theory are not always possible. For example, in the prospect theory, the monotonicity of indifference curves depends on the underlying mean, unlike in the NM theory. Risk-hedging deci- sions also become more complex within the prospect theory. In this paper, we discuss these topics and establish general results concerning certain covariances …
Segregation And Integration: A Study Of The Behaviors Of Investors With Extended Value Functions, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong
Segregation And Integration: A Study Of The Behaviors Of Investors With Extended Value Functions, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong
Martin Egozcue
This paper extends prospect theory, mental accounting, and the hedonic editing model by developing an analytical theory to explain the behavior of investors with extended value functions in segregating or integrating multiple outcomes when evaluating mental accounting.
Gruss Type Bounds For The Covariance Of Transformed Random Variables, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Gruss Type Bounds For The Covariance Of Transformed Random Variables, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong, Ricardas Zitikis
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Gains From Diversification On Convex Combinations: A Majorization And Stochastic Dominance Approach, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong
Gains From Diversification On Convex Combinations: A Majorization And Stochastic Dominance Approach, Martin Egozcue, Wing Keung Wong
Martin Egozcue
By incorporating both majorization theory and stochastic dominance theory, this paper presents a gen- eral theory and a unifying framework for determining the diversification preferences of risk-averse inves- tors and conditions under which they would unanimously judge a particular asset to be superior. In particular, we develop a theory for comparing the preferences of different convex combinations of assets that characterize a portfolio to give higher expected utility by second-order stochastic dominance. Our findings also provide an additional methodology for determining the second-order stochastic dominance efficient set.
On Some Covariance Inequalities For Monotonic And Non-Monotonic Functions, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong
On Some Covariance Inequalities For Monotonic And Non-Monotonic Functions, Martin Egozcue, Luis Fuentes García, Wing Keung Wong
Martin Egozcue
No abstract provided.
Quarterly Gdp Estimates For Selected South Asian Economies, Safdar Khan
Quarterly Gdp Estimates For Selected South Asian Economies, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
Analysis Of Kiren Sales Corporation’S Survey Data, Safdar Khan
Analysis Of Kiren Sales Corporation’S Survey Data, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
Financial Sector Reforms And Banking Sector Soundness: A Multivariate Evaluation, Safdar Khan
Financial Sector Reforms And Banking Sector Soundness: A Multivariate Evaluation, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.
Inflation Dynamics: A Structural Estimation, Safdar Khan
Inflation Dynamics: A Structural Estimation, Safdar Khan
Safdar Khan
No abstract provided.