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Cognition and Perception

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Articles 151 - 178 of 178

Full-Text Articles in Other Psychology

Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks Apr 2007

Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

This study was designed to determine whether participants would have better recall for names with phonetic properties that matched a paired personality trait. In other words, phonetically attractive names paired with positive traits and phonetically unattractive names paired with negative traits should have higher rates of recall than names whose phonetic properties did not match a paired personality trait, such as phonetically attractive names paired with negative traits or phonetically unattractive names paired with positive traits. Given names were deemed to be phonetically attractive or unattractive based on the number of sonorants (soft consonant sounds such as l, m, n, …

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Memory & Cognition: What Difference Does Gender Make?, Donna J. Bridge May 2006

Memory & Cognition: What Difference Does Gender Make?, Donna J. Bridge

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Small but significant gender differences, typically favoring women, have previously been observed in experiments measuring human episodic memory performance. In three studies measuring episodic memory, we compared performance levels for men and women. Secondary analysis from a pairedassociate learning task revealed a superior ability for women to learn single function pairs (i.e. words that are represented in only one pair), but performance levels for double function pairs (i.e. pairs that contain words that are also used in one other pair) were similar for men and women. We also reanalyzed data from a recognition experiment that used pictures as stimuli, and …

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K-Means Clustering With Multiresolution Peak Detection, Guanshan Yu, Leen-Kiat Soh, Alan B. Bond May 2005

K-Means Clustering With Multiresolution Peak Detection, Guanshan Yu, Leen-Kiat Soh, Alan B. Bond

Avian Cognition Papers

Clustering is a practical data mining approach of pattern detection. Because of the sensitivity of initial conditions, k-means clustering often suffers from low clustering performance. We present a procedure to refine initial conditions of k-means clustering by analyzing density distributions of a data set before estimating the number of clusters k necessary for the data set, as well as the positions of the initial centroids of the clusters. We demonstrate that this approach indeed improves the accuracy and performance of k-means clustering measured by average intra to interclustering error ratio. This method is applied to the virtual ecology project to …

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Trends. Too Good To Be True As The Good And The True: The Political Psychology Of The Con, Ibpp Editor Aug 2002

Trends. Too Good To Be True As The Good And The True: The Political Psychology Of The Con, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the psychology of cons (confidence games), or swindles.

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Discounting And Reciprocity In An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma, David W. Stephens, Colleen M. Mclinn, Jeffrey R. Stevens Jan 2002

Discounting And Reciprocity In An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma, David W. Stephens, Colleen M. Mclinn, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) is a central paradigm in the study of animal cooperation. According to the IPD framework, repeated play (repetition) and reciprocity combine to maintain a cooperative equilibrium. However, experimental studies with animals suggest that cooperative behavior in IPDs is unstable, and some have suggested that strong preferences for immediate benefits (that is, temporal discounting) might explain the fragility of cooperative equilibria. We studied the effects of discounting and strategic reciprocity on cooperation in captive blue jays. Our results demonstrate an interaction between discounting and reciprocity. Blue jays show high stable levels of cooperation in treatments with …

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Trends. No More Rogue Nations And The Power Of Words: A Coup For Ibpp?, Ibpp Editor Jun 2000

Trends. No More Rogue Nations And The Power Of Words: A Coup For Ibpp?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the possible consequences of the choice of political language regarding "rogue nations," and "states of concern."

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Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Social Cognitions, Ibpp Editor Oct 1999

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Social Cognitions, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores social cognitions bearing on support for and opposition to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.

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'Mein Kampf' And New Trends In Information Warfare, Ibpp Editor Aug 1999

'Mein Kampf' And New Trends In Information Warfare, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores how on-line commercial enterprises may have significant consequences for what people think, feel, and desire and how they act.

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The Effect Of Proximity On Landmark Use In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Kristy L. Gould-Beierle, Alan Kamil Jan 1999

The Effect Of Proximity On Landmark Use In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Kristy L. Gould-Beierle, Alan Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

Clark’s nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana, store thousands of pine seeds during the autumn and retrieve them throughout the winter. It has been shown that these birds are able to use visual cues to relocate hidden food in the laboratory. In this set of experiments, we trained three groups of Clark’s nutcrackers to find a hidden food goal that was placed in the same spatial location relative to the testing room. During training, the location of two local cues in relation to the goal differed between the three groups. Group 1 learned the task with the cues closest to the goal, group …

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Patterns Of Movement And Orientation During Caching And Recovery By Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Alan Kamil, Russell P. Balda, Sally Good Jan 1999

Patterns Of Movement And Orientation During Caching And Recovery By Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Alan Kamil, Russell P. Balda, Sally Good

Avian Cognition Papers

Clark’s nutcrackers regularly store large numbers of pine seeds and remember the locations of the cached seeds. Although they are very accurate, they do make some errors during recovery. In an attempt to determine whether any behaviours during caching predicted the occurrence of errors during recovery, we videotaped Clark’s nutcrackers while they cached and recovered seeds under laboratory conditions. We used the videotapes to develop complete, quantitative descriptions of caching and recovery behaviour, with an emphasis on body orientation and directions of movement. During caching, the birds showed the greatest change in their orientation and direction following cache creation. During …

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How Do They, Indeed? A Reply To Biegler Et Al., Alan Kamil, Juli E. Jones Jan 1999

How Do They, Indeed? A Reply To Biegler Et Al., Alan Kamil, Juli E. Jones

Avian Cognition Papers

We trained Clark’s nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana, to search halfway between two landmarks while varying the distance between the landmarks (Kamil & Jones 1997). We found that the birds learned the problem readily and generalized to novel interlandmark distances within the range of distances used during training. Unlike some other studies in which responses to proportional distance were obtained (e.g. O’Keefe & Burgess 1996; Tommasi et al. 1997), the nutcrackers showed very precise search and maintained this precision during the transfer test. The distributions of digging locations around the central position were concentrated within ±1–2 cm of the central location …

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Information Warfare And The Hacktivist, Ibpp Editor Nov 1998

Information Warfare And The Hacktivist, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides comments on the significance of hacktivism.

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Managing The Mass Media Through Murder: Primary Prevention In Perception Management, Ibpp Editor Apr 1998

Managing The Mass Media Through Murder: Primary Prevention In Perception Management, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a common and simple approach to managing a political entity's international image.

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Torture, Interrogation, And Daily Hassles: Good Thoughts And Bad Thoughts, Ibpp Editor Jul 1997

Torture, Interrogation, And Daily Hassles: Good Thoughts And Bad Thoughts, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article elaborates on some psychological stress reduction research in a political psychological and moral context.

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Political Oracles, Issues, And Candidates: It's In The Stars, Ibpp Editor Jun 1997

Political Oracles, Issues, And Candidates: It's In The Stars, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some parameters in employing media stars to support campaigns for political initiatives.

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Paradox: A Vital Issue Of Security Policy, Ibpp Editor May 1997

Paradox: A Vital Issue Of Security Policy, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article identifies several contradictory assumptions about human behavior which underlie policymakers attempts to make peace or keep it.

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The Need For A United States Government Capacity To Analyze And Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part Ii, Todd Levanthal Dec 1996

The Need For A United States Government Capacity To Analyze And Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part Ii, Todd Levanthal

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This is the second part of a three-part series by Mr. Todd Leventhal who from January 1987 to May 1996 was Program Officer for Countering Disinformation at the United States Information Agency (USIA.) The series reflects only his personal opinions, not those of USIA or the United States Government (USG.) It is presented with only the most minor editing but with extensive commentary by IBPP. The series also reflects IBPP's deep commitment to foster deliberation and--when appropriate-- change in science, policy, programs, and informed opinion.

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A Psychopolitical Analysis Of Situation Awareness: An Editorial, Ibpp Editor Dec 1996

A Psychopolitical Analysis Of Situation Awareness: An Editorial, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The editor discusses aviation-related terrorism, situational awareness, and related psychological and human factors involved.

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Dissonance In The Mideast, Ibpp Editor Nov 1996

Dissonance In The Mideast, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The editor discusses political violence and the concept of cognitive dissonance in the context of Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East.

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Hutus And Tutsis: A Case For Cognitive Complexity And Social Intelligence In Foreign Policy, Ibpp Editor Nov 1996

Hutus And Tutsis: A Case For Cognitive Complexity And Social Intelligence In Foreign Policy, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The editor discusses concepts of cognitive complexity and social intelligence in the context foreign policy. Political violence among Tutsi and Hutu ethnic groups is emphasized.

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Courts, Political Violence, And Problems With Witness Testimony, Ibpp Editor Nov 1996

Courts, Political Violence, And Problems With Witness Testimony, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The editor discusses the concept of witness testimony from a legal and psychological perspective.

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The Ecology Of Foraging Behavior: Implications For Animal Learning And Memory, Alan Kamil, Herbert L. Roitblat Jan 1985

The Ecology Of Foraging Behavior: Implications For Animal Learning And Memory, Alan Kamil, Herbert L. Roitblat

Avian Cognition Papers

In his recent Annual Review of Psychology article, Snowdon (1983) discussed the synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology. A similar synthesis of behavioral ecology and animal learning is beginning to take place. This article reviews developments in the behavioral ecology and ethology of foraging behavior relevant to psychological research on animal learning. The psychological literature shows that animals possess a wide range of learning abilities, including “simple” classical and operant conditioning; they acquire spatial, nonspatial, and temporal discriminations; they exhibit various forms of rule learning (e.g. matching-to-sample and learning set), and may even in certain senses learn language. Why does …

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Optimal Foraging Theory And The Psychology Of Learning, Alan Kamil Jan 1983

Optimal Foraging Theory And The Psychology Of Learning, Alan Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

The development of optimization theory has made important contributions to the study of animal behavior. But the optimization approach needs to be integrated with other methods of ethology and psychology. For example, the ability to learn is an important component of efficient foraging behavior in many species, and the psychology of animal learning could contribute substantially to testing and extending the predictions of optimal foraging theory.

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Spatial Learning As An Adaptation In Hummingbirds, Susan Cole, F. Reed Hainsworth, Alan Kamil, Terre Mercier, Larry L. Wolf Jan 1982

Spatial Learning As An Adaptation In Hummingbirds, Susan Cole, F. Reed Hainsworth, Alan Kamil, Terre Mercier, Larry L. Wolf

Avian Cognition Papers

An ecological approach based on food distribution suggests that hummingbirds should more easily learn to visit a flower in a new location than to learn to return to a flower in a position just visited, for a food reward. Experimental results support this hypothesis as well as the general view that differences in learning within and among species represent adaptations.

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Exploratory Study Of A Measure Of Self-Actualization, Norma C. Troncoso Jan 1982

Exploratory Study Of A Measure Of Self-Actualization, Norma C. Troncoso

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Two studies were conducted to measure positive personality change expected to occur during four years of a self-actualizing program. The first study computed inter correlations among the scales of the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) for students in the Psychology and English Departments of a Spanish-speaking college, which were then compared with those reported in the test manual. Generally, correlations were greater than those in the manual, which suggested possible influence by the humanistic and Christian philosophy of the college. The second study examined the effect of training for self-actualization and personality growth on the behavior of a group of psychology …

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Visual Detection Of Cryptic Prey By Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata), Alexandra T. Pietrewicz, Alan Kamil Jan 1977

Visual Detection Of Cryptic Prey By Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata), Alexandra T. Pietrewicz, Alan Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

Blue jays learned to respond differentially to the presence or absence of Catocala moths in slides. This detection of the moths by the jays was affected by the background upon which the moth was placed and its body orientation, thus providing an objective measure of crypticity. These procedures are useful for the study of visual detection of prey.

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Effect Of Stressful And "Neutral" Moving Images And Still Images On Dreaming, Elizabeth Anne Anderson Feb 1975

Effect Of Stressful And "Neutral" Moving Images And Still Images On Dreaming, Elizabeth Anne Anderson

Dissertations and Theses

A controlled presleep experience was used in an attempt to trace waking experience in dreams. Dream reports were collected in the laboratory from 12 dreamers (half men, half women; half recallers, half nonrecallers), using the electrophysiological method of Dement and Kleitman. Following a baseline night, each dreamer was awakened on three consecutive nights during every REM period (rapid eye movement and Stage 1-ascending EEG pattern). Immediately prior to sleep on Night 3, four of the dreamers viewed an emotionally arousing film, four others viewed a slide sequence having the same content as the stressful film, and four others viewed an …

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The Role Of Adventitious Reinforcement In Operant Discrimination, Alan Kamil, John W. Davenport Jan 1968

The Role Of Adventitious Reinforcement In Operant Discrimination, Alan Kamil, John W. Davenport

Avian Cognition Papers

Rats were trained in 2 SD-SΔ discrimination experiments in which the effects of an SD-postponement contingency during SΔ and temporal regularity of SΔ duration were assessed. Experiment I showed that discrimination is markedly facilitated by the presence of an SD-postponement contingency of either fixed or variable duration. Experiment II showed that variable-duration SΔ periods in a noncontingent schedule can also greatly enhance formation of an operant discrimination. These effects were attributed to differences in the probability of adventitious reinforcement of SΔ behavior by SD events.

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