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Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons™

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2012

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Articles 61 - 90 of 105

Full-Text Articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Usability Of Unproctored Internet Testing: Needs Of Older Applicants, Leslie Ann Hagen Jan 2012

Usability Of Unproctored Internet Testing: Needs Of Older Applicants, Leslie Ann Hagen

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to contribute to bridging the gap between research and practice by investigating the particular usability and design issues that impact applicant perceptions when using unproctored testing, particularly the potentially unique reactions of older applicants. Age was also used as a variable to determine if it moderates applicant perceptions of procedural justice, organizational attraction and intentions toward the organization when taking an unproctored test.

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Building Situational Stimuli In Assessment Center Exercises: Do Specific Exercise Instructions And Role-Player Prompts Increase The Observability Of Behavior?, Eveline Schollaert, Filip Lievens Jan 2012

Building Situational Stimuli In Assessment Center Exercises: Do Specific Exercise Instructions And Role-Player Prompts Increase The Observability Of Behavior?, Eveline Schollaert, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Little is known about how assessment center exercises might be designed to better elicit job-relevant behavior. This study uses trait activation theory as a theoretical lens for increasing the number of behaviors that can be observed in assessment centers. Two standardized exercise stimuli (specific exercise instructions and role-player prompts) are proposed, and their effects on the observability of candidate behavior are examined. Results showed a significant effect of role-player prompts in increasing both the general number of behavioral observations and the number of behavioral observations related to three out of four dimensions. Specific exercise instructions did not have effects on …

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The Roles Of Flourishing And Spirituality In Millenials’ Leadership Development Activity, Allison L. O'Malley, Denise E, Williams Jan 2012

The Roles Of Flourishing And Spirituality In Millenials’ Leadership Development Activity, Allison L. O'Malley, Denise E, Williams

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Confronted by today’s epidemic of corporate meltdowns, broken institutional paradigms, unethical decision-making, and demand for innovative competencies in order to remain competitive, educators and researchers are challenged to examine how today’s future leaders develop the skill and will to be effective. Whether labeled GenY, Generation Next, Generation Tech or Millennials (i.e. individuals born between 1982 and 2003), this group of change agents differs in attitudes, behaviors, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations from older generations (e.g. Taylor & Keeter, 2010; Twenge, Campbell & Freeman, 2012). The scholarly debate on the role of meaning making (Park, 2005) describes the Millennial on a …

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The Impact Of Culture, Industry Type, And Job Relevance On Applicant Reactions, Olivia Martin Jan 2012

The Impact Of Culture, Industry Type, And Job Relevance On Applicant Reactions, Olivia Martin

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The present study sought to understand how national culture, industry, and the perception of job relevance has an influence on an applicant's reaction to an online personnel selection assessment. A review of the literature on attribution theory (Fiske & Taylor, 1984; Ployhart & Harold, 2004) and organizational justice theory (Gilliland, 1993; Ployhart & Harold, 2004) provided the theoretical basis for the hypotheses of this paper. Applicant data from companies in manufacturing, finance, retail, and telecommunications were examined to explore differences in applicant reactions. Additionally, data between those in Mexico and the US within the telecommunications industry were examined to distinguish …

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Facilitating Adaptive Team Performance: The Influence Of Membership Fluidity On Learning, Wendy L. Bedwell Jan 2012

Facilitating Adaptive Team Performance: The Influence Of Membership Fluidity On Learning, Wendy L. Bedwell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Organizations across work domains that utilize teams to achieve organizational outcomes experience change. Resources change. Project deadlines change. Personnel change. Within the scientific community, research has recently surged on the topic of team adaptation to address the issue of change specifically within teams. There have generally been two lines of research regarding team adaptation (task and membership). This effort is focused on membership. Teams are not static— members come and go. The membership adaptation literature has traditionally focused on the performance effects of newcomers to teams. Yet in practice, more and more teams today experience membership loss without replacement. Military …

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Truly Accomplished: Effectiveness Of A Measurement And Feedback Approach To Lifestyle Change, Natalie Wright Dixon Jan 2012

Truly Accomplished: Effectiveness Of A Measurement And Feedback Approach To Lifestyle Change, Natalie Wright Dixon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Individuals’ personal improvement efforts are pervasive and the benefits associated with successful self-improvement are both tangible (e.g., healthier lifestyles, more intimate relationships) and intangible (e.g., personal accomplishment, enhanced well-being). As evidenced by research on work-family spillover, self-improvement also has important implications for organizations, as there is considerable crossover between work and non-work domains. The current study tested the effectiveness of Truly Accomplished, an intervention designed to help individuals develop personalized systems for measuring and improving behavior, and examined the extent to which the outcomes associated with such behavior change exhibit positive spillover effects into the workplace. Participants (N = 44) …

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The Impact Of Individual Perceptions Of The Fairness Of Public Affirmative Action Policy Statements On Attitudes Toward The Organization, Joseph Zaragoza Jan 2012

The Impact Of Individual Perceptions Of The Fairness Of Public Affirmative Action Policy Statements On Attitudes Toward The Organization, Joseph Zaragoza

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research project was to explore differences in perceptions of organizational justice and related attitudes. Through the use of a 3 x 2 experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to groups in which they were exposed to a fictitious organization’s mock recruitment document publicizing different types of affirmative action programs and varying levels of information regarding the mechanics of such programs. Results did not demonstrate statistically significant differences across groups. Project implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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The Effects Of Task Ambiguity And Individual Differences On Personal Internet Use At Work, Hitoshi Nishina Jan 2012

The Effects Of Task Ambiguity And Individual Differences On Personal Internet Use At Work, Hitoshi Nishina

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The present study investigates the effects of task characteristics and individual differences on personal internet use at work. Borrowing from the procrastination research, four individual differences (i.e., self-efficacy, conscientiousness, impulsiveness, and ambiguity tolerance) and one task characteristic (i.e., task ambiguity) were identified as relevant variables. For this two-part study, 49 participants were recruited. The first study consisted of an online questionnaire measuring the relevant individual differences and demographic information. The second portion included a laboratory study measuring peoples' procrastination behaviors during an online task. Procrastination was operationalized as time spent on off-task activities (i.e., task-unrelated websites/applications) and was tracked by …

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The Roles Of Self-Efficacy And Self-Deception In Cheating On Unproctored Internet Testing, Christopher Adam Wedge Jan 2012

The Roles Of Self-Efficacy And Self-Deception In Cheating On Unproctored Internet Testing, Christopher Adam Wedge

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The proliferation of online employee selection testing is causing a growing concern for the possibility of cheating. This study examines the interrelationships between personality factors and cheating behavior on unproctored selection testing. Past research has indicated that individuals with high specific self-efficacy are less likely to cheat. It was hypothesized that high levels of both general self-efficacy (GSE) and specific self-efficacy (SSE) predict lower rates of cheating overall. Additionally, Chance et al.'s (2001) study on self-deception demonstrated that students who cheat experience inflated confidence for future performance; this study extends this research by examining the effect cheating has on an …

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Effects Of Visualization On Academic Performance, Brian Michael Jan 2012

Effects Of Visualization On Academic Performance, Brian Michael

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of my study was to investigate the possible utility of visualization, an intervention that has proven useful in both sports and clinical psychology, in an academic setting. However, knowing that there are other powerful performance oriented interventions, such as goal setting and planning, visualization would have to account for unique variance above these to be of value. Specifically, visualization was proposed to help college level students improve exam scores and account for unique variance above that accounted for by goal setting and planning in an intro level psychology course. It was concurrently hypothesized that this relationship would be …

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Organizational Wellness Programs: Who Participates And Does It Help?, Justin Michael Dumond Jan 2012

Organizational Wellness Programs: Who Participates And Does It Help?, Justin Michael Dumond

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Several research questions exist concerning the effectiveness of employee wellness programs. Do Theory of Reasoned action components such as health attitudes and intentions lead to wellness program involvement? Does wellness program involvement moderate the relationships between occupational stress, turnover, and job performance, such that wellness involvement mitigates the negative impact of occupational stress? Additionally, does wellness involvement moderate the relationships between work/life imbalance, turnover, and job performance, such that wellness involvement mitigates the negative impact of work/life imbalance? Data from 10,430 employees of an organization with an optional wellness program was analyzed. Hypotheses relating to TRA and the work/life imbalance-job …

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Someone Who Understands: The Effect Of Support On Law Enforcement Officers Exposed To Disturbing Media, Jessica Morales Jan 2012

Someone Who Understands: The Effect Of Support On Law Enforcement Officers Exposed To Disturbing Media, Jessica Morales

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Traumatic events not only affect the victims but also professionals that work with the victims (Figley, 1995). Trauma in the form of viewing disturbing media has been tied to negative outcomes such as Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) and burnout (Perez, Jones, Englert, & Sachau, 2010; Stevenson 2007). The present study examined the effects of a resource, social support, on the negative and positive outcomes experienced by law enforcement officers exposed to disturbing media. I examined the relationship between overall support and negative and positive outcomes of exposure. The relationship was also examined for different sources of support: supervisor, coworker, and …

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Identifying Organizational Factors That Moderate The Engagement-Turnover Relationship In A Healthcare Setting, Stevie Ann Collini Jan 2012

Identifying Organizational Factors That Moderate The Engagement-Turnover Relationship In A Healthcare Setting, Stevie Ann Collini

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

It is essential for organizations to understand how turnover functions within their business and the potential other organizational factors have on affecting turnover, in order to know how to leverage these factors to effectively reduce turnover and the costs associated with it. The present study examined the relationship between employee engagement and turnover in clinical departments within a healthcare setting and the effects other organizational factors, such as respect, diversity, diversity climate and mission fulfillment have on that relationship. The results of the study demonstrate that although the relationship between engagement and turnover is significant, that none of the variables …

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The Creation And Validation Of A Pilot Selection System For A Midwestern University Aviation Department, Jacob William Forsman Jan 2012

The Creation And Validation Of A Pilot Selection System For A Midwestern University Aviation Department, Jacob William Forsman

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The current study outlines an attempt to create a selection test for a Midwestern university aviation department pilot training program. Thirty-seven pilots were given a pre-test consisting of cognitive (math, arithmetic reasoning, spatial measures, table reading, and mechanical knowledge), attitudinal (cockpit management attitudes questionnaire- CMAQ), and personality questions (IPIP items, Achievement-Striving, Impatience/Irritability, and the Academic Motivation Scale). An additional measure of professionalism was collected during the training program. Following the completion of a 25-lesson course in flight training, pilots were assessed on performance throughout the initial flight course. The performance ratings ranged from supervisory ratings to hours used to complete …

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The National Survey Of Student Engagement As A Predictor Of Academic Success, Paul Michael Fursman Jan 2012

The National Survey Of Student Engagement As A Predictor Of Academic Success, Paul Michael Fursman

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Student engagement measures have been shown to be excellent predictors of desirable educational outcomes, and in some cases, these measures are being used as a means of institutional accountability. The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) is one of the most widely used measures of student engagement. In this study, I examine the relationship between NSSE subscale scores and measures of student academic success. I also examine the extent to which pre-college ability and ethnicity moderate the relationship between engagement scores and academic outcomes. Results indicate that the benchmark academic challenge was a significant predictor of freshmen GPA and the …

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The Role Social Influence Has On Dormitory Residents' Responses To Fire Alarms, Michael Otting Leytem Jan 2012

The Role Social Influence Has On Dormitory Residents' Responses To Fire Alarms, Michael Otting Leytem

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Public response to fire alarms has been a major concern for decades. In particular, college dormitories pose a real threat for a catastrophic event if proper fire protocol is not carried out. Social influences may play a role in the decision dorm residents make when a fire alarm is sounded. More specifically, this research addresses to what degree does an authority figure, like a community advisor (CA), a friend, an unknown resident, or being alone, influence self-reported responses to fire alarms. Significant evidence was found confirming our hypothesis that participants in an alone condition reported being more likely to exit …

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Global Organizational Psychology: Internationalizing The Training Curriculum, Richard L. Griffith, William Gabrenya, Lisa A. Steelman, Brigitte Armon, Beth Gitlin, Mavis Kung Jan 2012

Global Organizational Psychology: Internationalizing The Training Curriculum, Richard L. Griffith, William Gabrenya, Lisa A. Steelman, Brigitte Armon, Beth Gitlin, Mavis Kung

Psychology Faculty Publications

Due to the rapid of globalization in the Information Age, students must become adept at navigating the complex and ambiguous nature of the global business environment. One major roadblock for training students to become global professionals is the lack of international curriculum within Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology programs at leading post-graduate training institutions. This article examines the methodologies and best practices used in establishing an International I/O Psychology curriculum at the graduate level developed to train students to better understand and work within the complexities of the global business environment. In this article we discuss the process we used to identify …

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Assessing The Relationship Of Career Goal Autonomy And Intrinsic Content On Vocational And General Well-Being, Andrew E. Kerlow-Myers Jan 2012

Assessing The Relationship Of Career Goal Autonomy And Intrinsic Content On Vocational And General Well-Being, Andrew E. Kerlow-Myers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000) argues that if the goals pursued in a life domain are not congruent with the needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, well-being in that domain will be negatively impacted or at best, stagnant. Goals are an important part of career interventions (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), yet no research to date has assessed the importance of need congruent goals in the career domain. The present study assessed the effect of career goal autonomy (CGA) and career goal intrinsic content (CGIC) on well-being in the career domain (vocational well-being; VWB) and two components of …

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Happiness At Work: Rules For Employee Satisfaction And Engagement, Femi Cadmus Jan 2012

Happiness At Work: Rules For Employee Satisfaction And Engagement, Femi Cadmus

Faculty Scholarship

The concept of employee satisfaction and engagement is not new. Quite recently, however, there appears to be renewed interest in positive psychology, tracking what makes for happiness in general, and how this translates in the workplace. Cultivating and maintaining a climate and culture which breeds happy, motivated, and productive employees in a library setting requires hard work. Happiness in the workplace is not unattainable, but it requires a concerted plan of action and consistent effort by managers. Managers also need to take steps to make sure that their own personal and work needs are being taken care off to avert …

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The Moderating Effects Of Work Control And Leisure Control On The Recovery-Strain Relationship, Jason Nicholas Jaber Jan 2012

The Moderating Effects Of Work Control And Leisure Control On The Recovery-Strain Relationship, Jason Nicholas Jaber

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of the current study is to improve understanding of the process of recovery from work related stress by examining work and leisure control as moderating variables of the recovery-strain relationship. This study examines the relationships between control (work/leisure), recovery experiences (mastery/detachment), and strain outcomes (need for recovery/psychological distress). Moderation multiple regression analyses (N= 233) reveal that work control moderates the relationship between mastery and psychological distress, mastery and need for recovery, as well as the relationship between psychological detachment and need for recovery. It appears that among individuals high in work control, mastery is related to lower psychological …

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Happiness At Work: Rules For Employee Satisfaction And Engagement, Femi Cadmus Jan 2012

Happiness At Work: Rules For Employee Satisfaction And Engagement, Femi Cadmus

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The concept of employee satisfaction and engagement is not new. Quite recently, however, there appears to be renewed interest in positive psychology, tracking what makes for happiness in general, and how this translates in the workplace. Cultivating and maintaining a climate and culture which breeds happy, motivated, and productive employees in a library setting requires hard work. Happiness in the workplace is not unattainable, but it requires a concerted plan of action and consistent effort by managers. Managers also need to take steps to make sure that their own personal and work needs are being taken care off to avert …

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A Historical Review Of Five Of The Top Fast Food Restaurant Chains To Determine The Secrets Of Their Success, Alex Leon Lichtenberg Jan 2012

A Historical Review Of Five Of The Top Fast Food Restaurant Chains To Determine The Secrets Of Their Success, Alex Leon Lichtenberg

CMC Senior Theses

The primary goal of this paper is to critically examine five of the top nine US fast food chains to look at their history and to determine what factors have lead to their massive success. The companies that will be analyzed include: McDonald's, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Domino's Pizza, and Subway. Similarities and differences of these companies are compared and contrasted throughout the paper and clearly demonstrate how each company has managed to capture and maintain major market share in their respective food categories. Areas that are examined range from product quality to to business models to consumer psychology. …

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Beauty And The Beast: The Attractiveness Bias In An Online Peer Mentoring Program, Carollaine Garcia Jan 2012

Beauty And The Beast: The Attractiveness Bias In An Online Peer Mentoring Program, Carollaine Garcia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The bias against attractiveness is fairly implicit and furthermore, powerfully impacts people’s subsequent impressions of and behaviors toward others (Cash, Gillen, & Burns, 1977; Dion et al., 1972). Pallet, Link and Lee (2010) examined the effect of various facial spatial configurations on attractiveness and found that raters rated faces as most attractive when the eyeto-mouth ratio approximated 36% of the face length (the "golden ratio"), which coincides with the measurements of an average and thus more attractive face. The present study examined the extent to which the distance of these objectively measured facial features affected mentors’ perceptions of their protégés, …

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The Relationship Between Mentoring And Social Status At Work: A Social Network Status Study, Lakeesha A. Flowers Jan 2012

The Relationship Between Mentoring And Social Status At Work: A Social Network Status Study, Lakeesha A. Flowers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mentoring is an important means of developing talent. Typically, mentoring involves two individuals – a mentor, who provides career development and psychosocial support to a less experienced counterpart (the protégé). Because mentoring is related to several desired outcomes such as career advancement, and job satisfaction, it is important to understand which individual characteristics are important to obtaining or providing effective mentoring. It is also necessary to examine potential but unconfirmed outcomes of mentoring such as social network status. This study examined the relationships between several individual characteristics, namely social intelligence and emotional intelligence, and mentoring relationships. In addition, this study …

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Two Pathways To Performance: Affective- And Motivationally-Driven Development In Virtual Multiteam Systems, Miliani Jimenez-Rodriguez Jan 2012

Two Pathways To Performance: Affective- And Motivationally-Driven Development In Virtual Multiteam Systems, Miliani Jimenez-Rodriguez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Multiteam systems are an integral part of our daily lives. We witness these entities in natural disaster responses teams, such as the PB Oil Spill and Hurricane Katrina, governmental agencies, such as the CIA and FBI, working behind the scenes to preemptively disarm terrorist attacks, within branches of the Armed Forces, within our organizations, and in science teams aiming to find a cure for cancer (Goodwin, Essens, & Smith, 2012; Marks & Luvison, 2012). Two key features of the collaborative efforts of multiteam systems are the exchange of information both within and across component team boundaries as well as the …

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Weiser Carrots And Sticks: Motivation Beyond Money At The Shakedown Café, Julian A. Martinez Jan 2012

Weiser Carrots And Sticks: Motivation Beyond Money At The Shakedown Café, Julian A. Martinez

CMC Senior Theses

It is generally assumed that monetary incentivization is the most effective means of motivating organizationally-beneficial behaviors. Individuals, under this line of thought, pursue their own objective self-interest above all else. However, evidence is being uncovered that indicates that human motivation may be a much more complicated facet of the human psyche. The purpose of this study is to examine the deeper underpinnings that drive people work that might lie beyond financial rewards. In order to do this, the Shakedown Café, a student-run restaurant on Pitzer College’s campus, will be examined. This specific organization is of particular interest because it does …

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How Men And Women Differ: Gender Differences In Communication Styles, Influence Tactics, And Leadership Styles, Karima Merchant Jan 2012

How Men And Women Differ: Gender Differences In Communication Styles, Influence Tactics, And Leadership Styles, Karima Merchant

CMC Senior Theses

This paper lays the historical background for why women and leadership is an important topic today in order to discuss gender differences in communication styles, influence tactics, and leadership styles. This paper also outlines barriers women face when trying to attain and succeed in leadership positions. The analysis should provide a greater understanding of how men and women differ, especially in leadership and management positions, and what companies can do to help women overcome gender bias and discrimination in the workplace.

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Coping With Economic Stressors: Religious And Non-Religious Strategies For Managing Psychological Distress, Jonathan Karl Feil Jan 2012

Coping With Economic Stressors: Religious And Non-Religious Strategies For Managing Psychological Distress, Jonathan Karl Feil

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The current economic downturn has increased concerns over job insecurity and the potential negative effects of job insecurity and other economic stressors for individuals. While there is a great deal of research on traditional (non-religious) methods of coping with work stress (e.g., Latack, 1986), there has been little research concerning the impact of religious methods of coping on mitigating the effects of work-related stressors. This is true even though a significant amount of research has demonstrated that religious coping methods are effective at reducing negative effects of a wide variety of stressors. Specifically, the current study looked at the effectiveness …

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Perceptions Of A Text-Based Sjt Versus An Animated Sjt, Amanda Helen Halabi Jan 2012

Perceptions Of A Text-Based Sjt Versus An Animated Sjt, Amanda Helen Halabi

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Research has indicated that Multimedia SJTs hold higher face validity than text-based SJTs while also reducing the adverse impact that has been experienced with the use of cognitive ability tests. (Chan & Schmitt, 1997; Motowidlo et al., 1990; Weekley & Jones, 1997, 1999). The animated SJT, a new and emerging form of testing, holds many similarities to the MMSJT. However, no research has been conducted to support this claim. The present study examined the perceptions of an animated SJT versus a text based SJT to provide additional information to the field of selection tests. The research was conducted to provide …

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Recognizing The Implicit And Explicit Aspects Of Ethical Decision-Making: Schemas, Work Climates, And Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Zachary Thomas Kalinoski Jan 2012

Recognizing The Implicit And Explicit Aspects Of Ethical Decision-Making: Schemas, Work Climates, And Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Zachary Thomas Kalinoski

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

There were four purposes for this study. One purpose was to develop a direct assessment of individuals' ethical schemas for how to operate within work settings. I proposed structural assessment using Pathfinder as a means of measuring the structural network of ethical knowledge. I expected structural assessment to be a better means of assessing moral development within organizations than the Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1979). A second purpose was to examine the extent to which implicit aspects of the ethical decision-making process have differential effects on behavioral criteria than explicit aspects of ethical decision-making. A third purpose of this study …

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