Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Lack Of Consensus Among Competency Ratings Of The Same Occupation: Noise Or Substance?, Filip Lievens, Juan I. Sanchez, Dave Bartram, Anna Brown

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although rating differences among incumbents of the same occupation have traditionally been viewed as error variance in the work analysis domain, such differences might often capture substantive discrepancies in how incumbents approach their work. This study draws from job crafting, creativity, and role theories to uncover situational factors (i.e., occupational activities, context, and complexity) related to differences among competency ratings of the same occupation. The sample consisted of 192 incumbents from 64 occupations. Results showed that 25% of the variance associated with differences in competency ratings of the same occupation was related to the complexity, the context, and primarily the …

Furthering Conservation Of Resources Theory: How Our Values Influence Out Stress Response, Neil Morelli

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Conservation of resources (Hobfoll, 1989) theory is an increasingly applied conceptualization of the stress process (Hobfoll & Lilly, 1993; Neveu, 2007). To evaluate and expand this theory, an exploratory research study was conducted to determine the influence of personal psychosocial values (e.g., self-transcendence and conservation; Schwartz, 1994) on coping processes, using resource-importance appraisal as a mediating factor. The primary tenets of conservation of resources theory, as conceptualized by Hobfoll (1989), and personal values, as conceptualized by Schwartz (1992), were defined and linked using coping behavior as the common procedural outcome. Two studies were conducted using a student sample and an …

The Effects Of Expectations On Performance: Generalizing Galatea, Brittany Day

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The Galatea effect occurs when self-efficacy is intentionally raised yielding an increase in performance. The study focused on generalizing the Galatea effect to the historically under researched populations of Blacks in the workforce. To raise self-efficacy, the participants in the experimental condition were presented with a scenario designed to increase specific self-efficacy through verbal persuasion. This study used a diverse sample of male and female college students. The dependent variable was performance on Sudoku – a cognition puzzle. The Sudoku puzzle is a test of deductive reasoning which can be related to cognitive performance. Cognitive ability is often used in …

Examining Perceived Subordinate Support, Timothy Paul Clayton Jr.

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Support relationships within organizations have been the subject of numerous empirical studies. Much of this research has focused on the influence of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support and their effects on subordinates. To date, however, no research has focused on how supervisors are influenced by their beliefs about support from their subordinates. I define perceived subordinate support (PSubS) as the extent to which a supervisor feels subordinates are concerned with the supervisor's well-being and value the supervisor as a leader. Previous research suggests that subordinates’ opinions and behaviors do influence supervisor behavior. In the present study, a measure …

Gathering Behavioral Samples Through A Computerized And Standardized Assessment Center Exercise Yes, It Is Possible, Filip Lievens, Etienne Van Keer, Ellen Volckaert

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although computerization and standardization might make assessment center (AC) exercises easier to administer and score, drawbacks are that most of such exercises have a static and multiple-choice format. This study reports on the development and initial validation of a computerized and standardized AC exercise that simulates key managerial tasks. This AC exercise capitalizes not only on the benefits of computerization and standardization (efficiency and cost savings) but at the same time aims to avoid their usual drawbacks (lower response fidelity and interactivity). The composite exercise score was significantly related to several criteria of interest and had incremental validity beyond cognitive …

A Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Pilot Training Program In An Organizational Setting: An Intervention For Work Engagement, John Joseph Kmiec Jr.

Dissertations

This study measured the effects of a learning intervention designed to enhance the capabilities of immediate managers to increase the level of work engagement in line employees at a small manufacturing firm in south Mississippi. The study answered the call of researchers to investigate the impact of innovative management practices on work engagement (Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008). The firm’s Production business unit managers participated in a 90-day learning program based on five skills outlined by Flagello and Dugas (2009); the Maintenance business unit managers did not participate in the learning. At three intervals during the intervention, the researcher …

How To Help Your Community Recover From Disaster: A Manual For Planning And Action, Judah J. Viola,, Society For Community Research & Action Task Force For Disaster, Community Readiness, And Recovery

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Exploring Asynchronous Brainstorming In Large Groups: A Field Comparison Of Serial And Parallel Subgroups, Gert-Jan De Vreede, Robert O. Briggs, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: To compare the results of two different modes of using multiple groups (instead of one large group) in order to identify problems and develop solutions.

Background: Many of the complex problems facing organizations today require the use of very large groups or collaborations of groups from multiple organizations. There are many logistical problems associated with the use of such large groups including the ability to bring everyone together at the same time and location.

Methods: A field study involving two different organizations, comparing productivity and satisfaction of group. The approaches included a) multiple small groups, each completing the entire …

Matching Versus Mismatching Cultural Norms In Performance Appraisal: Effects Of The Cultural Setting And Bicultural Identity Integration, Aurelia Mok, Chi-Ying Cheng, Michael W. Morris

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The present study examined how biculturals (Asian-Americans) adjust to differing cultural settings in performance appraisal. Biculturals vary in the degree to which their two cultural identities are compatible or oppositional — Bicultural Identity Integration (BII). The authors found that individual differences in BII interacted with the manipulation of the cultural setting (American or Asian) in determining whether employee outcomes were evaluated as matching or mismatching cultural norms. Results showed that Asian-Americans with high BII gave less weight to employees’ situational conditions in the American setting (matching American cultural norms) and more weight in the Asian setting (matching Asian cultural norms), …

The Relationship Between Leader Behaviors And Subordinate Performance: Examining The Moderating Influence Of Leader-Member Exchange, Kurt L. Oborn

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Subordinates interpret and react to the behaviors of their leaders. Based on a theory of organizational trust, it was argued that greater trust between subordinate and leader is required to respond appropriately to relations-oriented behaviors than task-oriented behaviors due to a higher level of personal risk to the subordinate. As a consequence of responding appropriately to relations-oriented behaviors, a subordinate immediately becomes identified with or connected to a leader. Such identification requires the specific LMX currency of professional respect be present in order for an adequate amount of trust to be developed. In contrast, task-oriented behaviors ally the subordinate with …

Personality Measures As Predictors Of Long-Term Employment In Air Force Officers, Levi N. Davis

Theses and Dissertations

High degrees of organizational turnover have been associated with decreased customer satisfaction, increased customer turnover, decreased employee productivity, decreased organizational performance, and decreased profitability. As such, more than 1,500 studies have been performed in the past 50 years on the topics of retention and turnover. This study aimed to examine possible relationships between the personality make up of Air Force officers and their retention within the United States Air Force. If present, such relationships might offer avenues for improving recruitment and retention efforts within the Air Force. Between 1996 and 1997, 318 officer candidates attending the United States Air Force …

Validation Of The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument: An Application Of The Korean Version, Yun Seok Choi, Minhee Seo, David Scott, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) based on the Competing Values Framework (CVF). More specially, cultural equivalence between the Korean version and the original English version of the OCAI was evaluated using 39 bilingual Koreans. Next, a field test was conducted to examine scale reliability and construct validity of the Korean version of the OCAI using 133 organizational members from the Korean Professional Baseball League (KPBL). The findings indicate that the Korean version was successfully translated, items maintained the same meaning of the original …

Campus Safety: Assessing And Managing Threats, Mario Scalora, Andre Simons, Shawn Vanslyke

Mario Scalora Publications

Since the shootings at Virginia Tech, academic institutions and police departments have dedicated substantial resources to alleviating concerns regarding campus safety. The incident in Blacksburg and the similar tragedy at Northern Illinois University have brought renewed attention to the prevention of violence at colleges and universities.

Campus professionals must assess the risk posed by known individuals, as well as by anonymous writers of threatening communications. The authors offer threat assessment and management strategies to address the increased demands faced by campus law enforcement, mental health, and administration officials who assess and manage threats, perhaps several simultaneously.

Sour Grapes While You're Down And Out: Self-Serving Bias And Applicant Attributions For Test Performance, Kyle Garret Mack

Dissertations and Theses

Recent research has shown that outcome favorability (Ryan & Ployhart, 2000) and perceived performance (Chan, Schmitt, Jennings, Clause, & Delbridge, 1998a) are key determinates of justice judgments, suggesting that self-serving bias is a critical mechanism in the formation of applicant reactions. However, organizational justice theory continues to be the dominant paradigm for understanding applicant reactions. Chan and Schmitt (2004) have suggested a far ranging agenda for research into reactions, which includes considering reactions in a longitudinal framework and considering the natural effect of time on reactions. The current study incorporates these theoretical approaches and addresses these gaps in the research …

An Examination Of Factors Associated With Job Burnout Among Child Welfare Workers, Jennifer Marie Ahmu

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to examine factors related to job burnout among child welfare workers specifically working for Riverside County, Department of Children's Services Division (CSD). Identifying predictors of job burnout can improve working conditions, reduce absenteeism, reduce economic cost, increase employee retention, improve client treatment, and help attract competent individuals to the profession, making job burnout a relevant and necessary area to study in social work.

Employee Resilience Following Reductions In Compensation, Eliana Isabel Ceja

Theses Digitization Project

The United States workforce is currently suffering from the effects of a severe financial crisis. As a result, many organizations have sought to cope by reducing employee compensation. The current study sought to identify the psychological impact these reductions (i.e. pay cuts, mandatory furloughs, etc.) had on employee attitudes and behaviors in the workplace.

The Relationship Between Core Self-Evaluations, Self-Regulation, Need Supply Fit And Job Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Model, Amanda Marie Deane

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project will explain how core self-evaluation is related to job satisfaction both directly and indirectly via the following mechanisms: emotional generalization, perception, and motivation.

Performance Differences In Diverse Contexts: The Role Of Personality, Daniel Karl Cashmore

Theses Digitization Project

This study seeks to explain performance differences in demographically diverse settings by examing introverted and extraverted individuals and using the Inverted-U-Theory developed by Hans J. Eysenck.

Effects Of Functional Background In Human Resources On Employee Outcomes, Monica Diane Freed

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to explore a Human Resources (HR) leader's functional background and how it may influence performance outcome such as job satisfaction, attrition, and satisfaction with HR processes.

The Effect Of Ethnic-Identity Salience And Negative Performance Feedback On African Americans' Explicit And Implicit Self-Evaluations, Delisa Nicole Young

Theses Digitization Project

The processes that underlie African Americans explicit versus implicit self-evaluations are examined by using the Associative Propositional Evaluative model (APE).

The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Personality Traits On Perception Of New Venture Opportunity, Jun Yan

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

This empirical study examined links between entrepreneurial personality traits and perception of new venture opportunity in a sample of 207 respondents. Four entrepreneurial personality traits were included to predict respondents’ perception of new venture opportunity. They are (1) achievement motivation, (2) locus of control, (3) risk propensity, and (4) proactivity.The results of multiple regression analysis show that three of the four entrepreneurial personality traits—locus of control, risk propensity, and proactivity—related significantly to perception of new venture opportunity in expected directions. Among the three personality traits, proactivity was found to have the strongest influence over entrepreneurial perception. No significant relationship was …

The Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Job Anxiety, Job Satisfaction, Work Specific Self-Efficacy, And Turnover Intent, Ciara Cascharelle Paige

Theses Digitization Project

While an abundance of literature on stereotypes exists with regards to the workplace, less research exists that assesses how stereotypes could affect an employee and motivate him or her to leave the organization. The present study addressed the relationship among job identification, gender identification, stereotype threat perception at work, anxiety, work specific efficacy, job satisfaction, and turnover intent. A hypothesized model that connected the possible relations among stereotype threat, gender identification, job identification, job anxiety, work specific self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and turnover intent was tested using data from 267 working women.

Engaging An Older Workforce: The Relationship Between Employee Engagement, Intrinsic Motivation, And Meaningfulness, Negin Kordbacheh

Theses Digitization Project

The aim of this study was to better understand employee engagement levels in light of the recent downsizing and restructuring practices. The relationship between intrinsic motivation, meaningfulness and employee engagement were examined.

The Effectiveness And Ethics Of Immediate And Top Leaders: Relationships To Organizational Climate, Organizational Commitment, And Size Of Organization, Johnny Joseph Parker

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationships that exist between effective leaders in an organization and ethical leaders, the climate of the organization, and the level of commitment to the organization.

The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring, Self-Promotion, And Agentic Traits In Leadership, Sabrina Regina Wilhelm

Theses Digitization Project

Three underlying behavioral traits of self-preservation, which may be related to leadership are self-monitoring, self-promotion, and agentic traits. These are important to leadership because managers desire to select employees that have the image and the presentation that high self-monitors and self-promoters emulate. This study revealed that self-promotion is associated with leader behaviors that are likely to assist female employees obtain leadership positions in the workplace.

Emotional Intelligence And Cognitive Moral Development In Undergraduate Business Students, Elizabeth Pluskwik

Integrated Engineering Department Publications

This study examines relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and cognitive moral development (CMD) in undergraduate business students. The ability model of emotional intelligence was used in this study, which evaluated possible relationships between EI and CMD in a sample of 82 undergraduate business students. The sample population was approximately 700 students in a private university in the Midwest United States. A weak, positive relationship was found between overall emotional intelligence and moral development, but the strength of this relationship failed to reach statistical significance. However, one branch of EI, Understanding Emotions, did have a positive correlation with moral development at …

Good Teams, Bad Teams: Under What Conditions Do Missionary Teams Function Effectively?, David R. Dunaetz

Selected Faculty Publications

Missionary teams are popular, but not always effective. Five conditions contributing to healthy team functioning are examined in light of empirical evidence: trust, task conflict, commitment to decisions, accountability, and group goals.

Organizational Justice: Perceptions Of Being Fairly Treated, David R. Dunaetz

Selected Faculty Publications

When members of mission organizations perceive injustice within their organization, they work less effectively and attrition is more likely. This paper examines various types of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) which need to be monitored and maximized to help mission organizations accomplish their goals.

Psychographic Segmentation Of The Self-Employed: An Exploratory Study, Matthew G. Kenney, Art Weinstein

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Although it is well established in the academic literature that entrepreneurs share common traits, there has been limited research dedicated to evaluating psychographic profiles of the self-employed. Using the Nominal Group Technique, the authors gleaned insight from a panel of experts in an effort to segment the self-employed based on personality traits and the benefits they receive from an entrepreneurial career. The findings show that self-employed individuals can be classified into four distinct segments: Exemplars, Generals, Moms and Dads, and Altruists. Each group derives different benefits from self-employment. Understanding these benefits can greatly assist entrepreneurship educators and marketers of small …

Assessing Interventions For Reducing Gender-Based Occupational Stereotypes : A Multi-Method Study Comparing The Implicit Association Test To Indirect And Explicit Measures Of Stereotypes, And An Examination Of Sex Roles And Entity Versus Incremental Lay Theories Of Social Perception, Carolyn C. Matheus

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Certain occupations are often stereotyped as feminine (e.g., elementary school teacher) while others are stereotyped as masculine (e.g., engineer) (White, Kruczek, Brown, & White, 1989; White & White, 2006). This study proposed using multiple methods to assess stereotypical judgments about the masculinity and femininity of five occupations: engineer, law enforcement officer, accountant, fashion designer, and elementary school teacher. Implicit, indirect, and explicit assessments were used to measure gender based stereotypes of occupations to examine similarities or differences between the different methods. Implicit assessments involve measuring automatic evaluations to stimuli, while indirect assessments involve gender ratings of attributes associated with occupations. …