Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Cognition and Perception (29)
- Arts and Humanities (23)
- Social Psychology (17)
- Experimental Analysis of Behavior (15)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (15)
-
- Music (14)
- Life Sciences (13)
- Clinical Psychology (12)
- Education (9)
- Other Psychology (8)
- Biological Psychology (7)
- Cognitive Science (7)
- Developmental Psychology (7)
- Applied Behavior Analysis (6)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (6)
- Educational Psychology (5)
- Psychiatry and Psychology (5)
- Sociology (5)
- Cognitive Neuroscience (4)
- Health Psychology (4)
- Medical Sciences (4)
- Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures (4)
- Behavior and Ethology (3)
- Child Psychology (3)
- Communication (3)
- Counseling Psychology (3)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (3)
- Institution
-
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (15)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (14)
- Bucknell University (9)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (8)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (8)
-
- University of Mississippi (6)
- Walden University (6)
- Butler University (5)
- California State University, San Bernardino (5)
- Old Dominion University (5)
- Edith Cowan University (4)
- James Madison University (4)
- Louisiana State University (4)
- Seton Hall University (4)
- University of Denver (4)
- University of South Florida (4)
- Central Washington University (3)
- Claremont Colleges (3)
- Coastal Carolina University (3)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (3)
- University of New Mexico (3)
- University of Texas at El Paso (3)
- Belmont University (2)
- Cleveland State University (2)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (2)
- Franklin University (2)
- Macalester College (2)
- Portland State University (2)
- Syracuse University (2)
- The Texas Medical Center Library (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (13)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (11)
- Honors Theses (9)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (8)
- Faculty Journal Articles (7)
-
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (6)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (4)
- Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses (4)
- Psychology Theses & Dissertations (4)
- Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) (4)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (4)
- All Master's Theses (3)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (3)
- Jeffrey Stevens Publications (3)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (3)
- Masters Theses, 2020-current (3)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (3)
- Psychology ETDs (3)
- Psychology Faculty Publications (3)
- Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS (3)
- Theses : Honours (3)
- Theses Digitization Project (3)
- All Faculty and Staff Scholarship (2)
- CMC Senior Theses (2)
- Dissertations - ALL (2)
- Dissertations and Theses (2)
- ETD Archive (2)
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (2)
- Faculty Conference Papers and Presentations (2)
- Faculty, Staff and Students Publications (2)
- Publication Type
Articles 151 - 180 of 185
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Does Crowding Obscure The Presence Of Attentional Guidance In Contextual Cueing?, Steven William Fiske
Does Crowding Obscure The Presence Of Attentional Guidance In Contextual Cueing?, Steven William Fiske
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The contextual cueing effect was initially thought to be the product of memory guiding attention to the target location. However, the steep search slopes obtained in contextual cueing indicate an absence of attentional guidance. We hypothesized that crowding could be obscuring the presence of attentional guidance and investigated this possibility in 2 experiments. Crowding was manipulated by varying the density of items in the local target region in a contextual cueing task. We observed a significant reduction in search slopes between the novel and repeated conditions when crowding was reduced. Enhancing crowding eliminated the contextual cueing effect. These findings suggest …
Emotional Content In Autobiographical Memory Through An Attachment Theory Framework, Elizabeth Tsatkin
Emotional Content In Autobiographical Memory Through An Attachment Theory Framework, Elizabeth Tsatkin
Honors Scholar Theses
The current study investigates the relationship between individual differences in attachment style and the recall of autobiographical memories. According to attachment theory, affect regulation strategies employed by individuals high in attachment anxiety and high in attachment avoidance are likely to influence how information about the past is recalled. This study examines how attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance relate to the presence of negative emotions in autobiographical memories of upsetting events with important relationship figures (i.e., mother, father, or roommate). Participants included 248 undergraduate students ranging from ages 18-22 that attend a public university in the northeast. As hypothesized, individuals with …
The Effects Of Handedness And Bilateral Saccadic Eye Movements On False Alarms In Recognition Memory, Lisa Weinberg
The Effects Of Handedness And Bilateral Saccadic Eye Movements On False Alarms In Recognition Memory, Lisa Weinberg
Psychology Honors Projects
Handedness can be used as a marker for interhemispheric interaction, which can produce memory benefits. Bilateral saccadic eye movements can be used to manipulate levels of interhemispheric interaction. This study measured the effects of handedness and bilateral saccadic eye movement on memory using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. This study predicted a memory advantage for left-handers and mixed-handers without eye movements and an advantage for right-handers with the eye movements. The results do not support these predictions but do suggest that handedness is a factor in episodic memory performance. The analyses for this study were run using A’ to compare false alarm …
Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico
Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience is a universal experience in which a speaker cannot fully produce a word that he or she believes will eventually be recalled and could easily be recognized. The purpose of the current set of experiments is to determine how different variables affect the rate of TOTs. Specifically, a series of three experiments investigates the roles of word concreteness and word frequency on TOT rates. A new finding, the concreteness effect on TOT rates, emerged and was replicated across all three experiments. This never-before investigated concreteness effect is discussed in terms of a general two-stage model of …
Modulation Of Memory Formation Following Violations Of Conditioned Expectations, Dennis Antonio Amodeo
Modulation Of Memory Formation Following Violations Of Conditioned Expectations, Dennis Antonio Amodeo
Theses Digitization Project
Increment in attention to the conditioned stimulus (CS) leads to an increased rate of acquisition of new associations involving CS. While the neuroanatomical basis of the phenomenon is largely understood, little is known about the synaptic mechanisms underlying memory formation for prediction error. The current experiment tests the overall hypothesis that this specific form of memory depends on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation.
Memory Performance Is Related To Language Dominance As Determined By The Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure, S. Kovac, G. Möddel, J. Reinholz, A. V. Alexopoulosa, T. Syed, S. U. Schuele, Tara T. Lineweaver, T. Loddenkemper
Memory Performance Is Related To Language Dominance As Determined By The Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure, S. Kovac, G. Möddel, J. Reinholz, A. V. Alexopoulosa, T. Syed, S. U. Schuele, Tara T. Lineweaver, T. Loddenkemper
Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS
Objective
The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between language and memory lateralization in patients with epilepsy undergoing the intracarotid amobarbital procedure.
Methods
In 386 patients, language lateralization and memory lateralization as determined by laterality index (LI) were correlated with each other.
Results
Language lateralization and memory lateralization were positively correlated (r = 0.34, P < 0.01). Correlations differed depending on the presence and type of lesion (χ2 = 7.98, P < 0.05). LIs correlated significantly higher (z = 2.82, P < 0.05) in patients with cortical dysplasia (n = 41, r = 0.61, P < 0.01) compared with the group without lesions (n = 90, r = 0.16, P > 0.05), with patients with hippocampal sclerosis falling between these two groups. Both memory (P < 0.01) and language (P …
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Tokowicz and Kroll (2007) originally reported that the number of translations a word has across languages influences the speed with which bilinguals translate concrete and abstract words from one language to another. The current work examines how the number of translations that characterize a word influences bilingual lexical organization and the processing of concrete, abstract and emotional stimuli. Experiment 1 examined whether the number-of-translations effect reported previously could be obtained in a different task (i.e., lexical decision task) using the same materials presented by Tokowicz and Kroll. Decision latencies revealed no significant differences between concrete and abstract words, which suggested …
Memory For Music And The Implications Of Expertise For Music Recall: A Review ; Memory For The Recall Of Popular Songs: A Comparative Study Of Musicians And Nonmusicians, Simon Maclachlan
Theses : Honours
How people remember music is not only a practical concern for musicians, it also poses an interesting challenge for psychological theory (Wallace, 1994). One question that has often been overlooked is what occurs during the time that elapses between the stimulus onset (hearing music) and the generation of a response (an indication that the song has been remembered). While there is evidence to show that memory for song may be biased in a forward direction (Sibma, 2003), the role of expertise on memory for song may provide a deeper understanding of the nature of our memory for music. This review …
Directed Forgetting Of Live Motion Events: An Investigation Of A New Stimulus Set, Shawn Dickerson
Directed Forgetting Of Live Motion Events: An Investigation Of A New Stimulus Set, Shawn Dickerson
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
Instructions to forget presented information are often given and it is necessary to further understand how those involved can be affected by what is called "directed forgetting". The purpose of the current study was to investigate if a video stimuli would produce directed forgetting using the list method and a recognition style test. In addition, viewing live motion events has been suggested to be a more relevant modality to examine directed forgetting and thus another purpose of the current study was to utilize video stimuli to create a more valid assessment of this phenomenon. Participants (N=181) were selected through the …
The Relationships Among Age, Physical Activity, And Working Memory, Ellen M. Carpenter
The Relationships Among Age, Physical Activity, And Working Memory, Ellen M. Carpenter
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
As our population ages, determining exogenous factors that may offset cognitive decline become increasingly important. The primary goal of the present study was to determine whether older individuals who engage in regular physical activity demonstrate superior working memory performance relative to older sedentary individuals. Forty young (20 active, 20 sedentary) and forty older (20 active, 20 sedentary) individuals engaged in cognitive measures of information processing speed, inhibitory function, and verbal and visuospatial working memory. Age differences in recall were found for verbal and visuospatial span tasks, as well as for recall reaction time on verbal and visuospatial n-back tasks, and …
The Effects Of Using A Scripted Or Unscripted Interview In Forensic Interviews With Interpreters, Nicole Pruss
The Effects Of Using A Scripted Or Unscripted Interview In Forensic Interviews With Interpreters, Nicole Pruss
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The current study set out to replicate and expand the results of a study by Pruss (2007) which found that information is lost when interviews are conducted through interpreters. In the present study, Viewers (i.e., mock eyewitnesses) fluent in Spanish watched a video of a burglary and then were interviewed in Spanish about what they had seen. Half of Viewers were randomly assigned to be interviewed by an English-speaking Interviewer through a bilingual Interpreter (Interpreter condition), and the other half were randomly assigned to be interviewed directly by a Spanish speaking Interviewer with no Interpreter (No Interpreter condition). Within each …
Cognitive Implications Of Facilitating Echoic Persistence, Carryl L. Baldwin
Cognitive Implications Of Facilitating Echoic Persistence, Carryl L. Baldwin
Psychology Faculty Publications
Seventeen participants performed a tone-pattern-matching task at different presentation levels while concurrently engaged in a simulated-driving task. Presentation levels of 60, 65, and 70 dBC (SPL) were combined factorially with tone-matching delays of 2, 3, and 4 sec. Intensity had no effect on performance in single-task conditions and short-delay conditions. However, when the participants were engaged concurrently in the driving task, a significant interaction between presentation level and delay was observed. In the longest delay condition, the participants performed the tone-patten-matching task more efficiently (more quickly and without additional errors) as presentation intensity increased. These findings demonstrate the interaction between …
Speeded Retrieval Abolishes The False Memory Suppression Effect: Evidence For The Distinctiveness Heuristic, C. S. Dodson, Amanda C. Gingerich
Speeded Retrieval Abolishes The False Memory Suppression Effect: Evidence For The Distinctiveness Heuristic, C. S. Dodson, Amanda C. Gingerich
Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS
We examined two different accounts of why studying distinctive information reduces false memories within the DRM paradigm. The impoverished relational encoding account predicts that less memorial information, such as overall famililarity, is elicited by the critical lure after distinctive encoding than after non-distinctive encoding. By contrast, the distinctiveness heuristic predicts that participants use a deliberate retrieval strategy to withhold responding to the critical lures. This retrieval strategy refers to a decision rule whereby the absence of memory for expected distinctive information is taken as evidence for an event’s nonoccurrence. We show that the typical false recognition suppression effect only occurs …
The Importance Of Retrieval Failures To Long-Term Retention: A Metacognitive Explanation Of The Spacing Effect, Harry P. Bahrick, Lynda K. Hall
The Importance Of Retrieval Failures To Long-Term Retention: A Metacognitive Explanation Of The Spacing Effect, Harry P. Bahrick, Lynda K. Hall
All Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Encoding strategies vary in their duration of effectiveness, and individuals can best identify and modify strategies that yield effects of short duration on the basis of retrieval failures. Multiple study sessions with long inter-session intervals are better than massed training at providing discriminative feedback that identifies encoding strategies of short duration. We report two investigations in which long intervals between study sessions yield substantial benefits to long-term retention, at a cost of only moderately longer individual study sessions. When individuals monitor and control encoding over an extended period, targets yielding the largest number of retrieval failures contribute substantially to the …
Musical Stem Completion: Humming That Note, Jill A. Warker, Andrea Halpern
Musical Stem Completion: Humming That Note, Jill A. Warker, Andrea Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
This study looked at how people store and retrieve tonal music explicitly and implicitly using a production task. Participants completed an implicit task (tune stem completion) followed by an explicit task (cued recall). The tasks were identical except for the instructions at test time. They listened to tunes and were then presented with tune stems from previously heard tunes and novel tunes. For the implicit task, they were asked to sing a note they thought would come next musically. For the explicit task, they were asked to sing the note they remembered as coming next. Experiment 1 found that people …
Mental Concerts: Musical Imagery And Auditory Cortex, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern
Mental Concerts: Musical Imagery And Auditory Cortex, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Most people intuitively understand what it means to “hear a tune in your head.” Converging evidence now indicates that auditory cortical areas can be recruited even in the absence of sound and that this corresponds to the phenomenological experience of imagining music. We discuss these findings as well as some methodological challenges. We also consider the role of core versus belt areas in musical imagery, the relation between auditory and motor systems during imagery of music performance, and practical implications of this research.
Why Distinctive Information Reduces False Memories: Evidence For Both Impoverished Relational-Encoding And Distinctiveness Heuristic Accounts, Amanda C. Gingerich, C. S. Dodson
Why Distinctive Information Reduces False Memories: Evidence For Both Impoverished Relational-Encoding And Distinctiveness Heuristic Accounts, Amanda C. Gingerich, C. S. Dodson
Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS
Two accounts explain why studying pictures reduces false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (J. Deese, 1959; H. L. Roediger & K. B. McDermott, 1995). The impoverished relational-encoding account suggests that studying pictures interferes with the encoding of relational information, which is the primary basis for false memories in this paradigm. Alternatively, the distinctiveness heuristic assumes that critical lures are actively withheld by the use of a retrieval strategy. When participants were given inclusion recall instructions to report studied items as well as related items, they still reported critical lures less often after picture encoding than they did after word encoding. …
The Association Of Working Memory And Anxiety With Skill Acquisition And Transfer In Young And Older Adults, Isabelle Valk
The Association Of Working Memory And Anxiety With Skill Acquisition And Transfer In Young And Older Adults, Isabelle Valk
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Two studies, involving a total of 184 adults between 17 and 89 years of age, were conducted to determine whether age differences in skill acquisition and transfer could be related to age differences in working memory functioning and anxiety. In both experiments, working memory functioning was measured using the Digit Span task (Wechsler, 1997) und the Reading Span tusk (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), while anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). Participants were required to perform a mental arithmetic task in Experiment I, and a visual numerosity task in Experiment …
The Politics Of Helping: An Example From Guatemala, Ibpp Editor
The Politics Of Helping: An Example From Guatemala, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article identifies a complexity of helping others based on beliefs in the therapeutic value of such constructs as reliving memories, venting, catharsis, and the return of the repressed.
The Influence Of Warning Label Presentation In Memory Recognition Of Aging Adults, Brian J. Call
The Influence Of Warning Label Presentation In Memory Recognition Of Aging Adults, Brian J. Call
Master's Theses - Daytona Beach
Research indicates that hundreds of thousands of people are injured each year as a result of poor communication between medical personnel, warning label information, and consumers when taking over the counter or prescription medication. Typically, as adults age, they are increasingly responsible for remembering the hazards of taking medications. If inadequate information exists in memory in regards to side effects, dosage, and other warnings, the likelihood of improper usage will increase. Because aging adults typically have a reduction in cognitive resources, it was hypothesized that older adults would require the aid of additional warning information to assist in the retrieval …
Perception Of Mode, Rhythm, And Contour In Unfamiliar Melodies: Effects Of Age And Experience, Andrea R. Halpern, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling
Perception Of Mode, Rhythm, And Contour In Unfamiliar Melodies: Effects Of Age And Experience, Andrea R. Halpern, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling
Faculty Journal Articles
We explored the ability of older (60-80 years old) and younger (18-23 years old) musicians and nonmusicians to judge the similarity of transposed melodies varying on rhythm, mode, and/or contour (Experiment 1) and to discriminate among melodies differing only in rhythm, mode, or contour (Experiment 2). Similarity ratings did not vary greatly among groups, with tunes differing only by mode being rated as most similar. In the same/different discrimination task, musicians performed better than nonmusicians, but we found no age differences. We also found that discrimination of major from minor tunes was difficult for everyone, even for musicians. Mode is …
The Self-Reference Effect In Memory: A Meta-Analysis, Cynthia S. Symons, Blair T. Johnson
The Self-Reference Effect In Memory: A Meta-Analysis, Cynthia S. Symons, Blair T. Johnson
CHIP Documents
No abstract provided.
The Use Of Prior Knowledge In Learning From Examples, Stephen B. Blessing '89
The Use Of Prior Knowledge In Learning From Examples, Stephen B. Blessing '89
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation examines the way people acquire procedures from examples, and provides a computational model of the results. In four experiments, people learned an analog of algebra. For each experiment, the initial know ledge that people had of the task was varied. In two experiments (Experiments 1 and 3), the syntactic know ledge that people had concerning the task w as manipulated. The knowledge of syntax that participants had, particularly the ability to correctly parse the character string, was found to be a major determiner in the way participants acquired the rules. Experiment 2 explicitly manipulated participant's awareness as to …
Short Term Effects Of Repeated Masked Priming In Stem Completion Tasks, Anthony Van Andel
Short Term Effects Of Repeated Masked Priming In Stem Completion Tasks, Anthony Van Andel
Theses : Honours
This thesis examines the effect of time delay and intervening items on masked repetition studies with word stem completion tasks. In the first experiment a masked priming effect was obtained. The effect was strongest 500ms after the presentation of the prime, and decreasing in a linear trend seven seconds after the presentation of the prime. The second experiment found that interpolating a naming task between the masked prime and the stem completion task eliminated the effects of the repeated masked prime. This result is a failure to replicate previous research which found a masked repetition effect over a short delay …
Memory Biases In Left Versus Right Implied Motion, Andrea R. Halpern, Michael H. Kelly
Memory Biases In Left Versus Right Implied Motion, Andrea R. Halpern, Michael H. Kelly
Faculty Journal Articles
People remember moving objects as having moved farther along in their path of motion than is actually the case; this is known as representational momentum (RM). Some authors have argued that RM is an internalization of environmental properties such as physical momentum and gravity. Five experiments demonstrated that a similar memory bias could not have been learned from the environment. For right-handed Ss, objects apparently moving to the right engendered a larger memory bias in the direction of motion than did those moving to the left. This effect, clearly not derived from real-world lateral asymmetries, was relatively insensitive to changes …
Mental Scanning In Auditory Imagery For Songs, Andrea R. Halpern
Mental Scanning In Auditory Imagery For Songs, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Journal Articles
Four experiments examined how people operate on memory representations of familiar songs. The tasks were similar to those used in studies of visual imagery. In one task, subjects saw a one-word lyric from a song and then saw a second lyric; then they had to say if the second lyric was from the same song as the first. In a second task, subjects mentally compared pitches of notes corresponding to song lyrics. In both tasks, reaction time increased as a function of the distance in beats between the two lyrics in the actual song, and in some conditions reaction time …
Analogies As Aids To Understanding And Memory, Carol Carter Hansen
Analogies As Aids To Understanding And Memory, Carol Carter Hansen
Theses Digitization Project
No abstract provided.
Incidental And Intentional Recall Of Item Names And Spatial Locations, Lois Ann Scovel
Incidental And Intentional Recall Of Item Names And Spatial Locations, Lois Ann Scovel
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
Recent studies have indicated that there are no differences between the incidental and intentional recall of spatial location; whereas, intentional recall is superior to incidental recall of verbal information. In order to examine the variables that affect recall, second graders, fifth graders and adults were instructed to learn the location or the name of seven highly discriminable or less discriminable objects presented in a spatial array. Analysis of names recalled indicated that high discriminability enhanced recall, and that intent to learn facilitated recall, particularly for adult males. Recall increased with age, and females recalled more names than did males. Analysis …
The Ability Of Young Children To Recognize Facial Photographs Of Young Children, Young Adults, And Senior Citizens, Barbara Bell Bruff
The Ability Of Young Children To Recognize Facial Photographs Of Young Children, Young Adults, And Senior Citizens, Barbara Bell Bruff
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
A review of the literature on facial recognition including a description of its development from birth to old age, hypothesized reasons for its unique development, and factors which affect it, reveals the need for facial recognition studies involving the young child. Twenty children (10 males, 10 females) at each of three ages (3, 5, and 7 years) were presented with 30 pictures of persons of both sexes from three age groups (3-7, 18-25, and 50 years and above). A testing procedure followed in which each child was asked to pick out the test picture from a photo album page with …
Normative Data On The Auditory Memory Test Battery, Mary Clare Mountain
Normative Data On The Auditory Memory Test Battery, Mary Clare Mountain
Dissertations and Theses
This study examined the means and standard deviations for the Auditory Memory Test Battery (Burford, 1976) using a sample of normal second, third, and fourth grade children. The study also compared span and sequence scores, low and high SES scores, and an individual's test scores with teacher judgment of intelligence group. A brief examination of the AMTB as used with LD children was also performed but not included in the statistical analysis.