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Articles 31 - 50 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Exploring Women's Experiences Of A Medically Necessary Caesarean, Michelle Cotterell
Exploring Women's Experiences Of A Medically Necessary Caesarean, Michelle Cotterell
Theses : Honours
Caesarean delivery accounts for approximately one in four births both in Australia and on a global level. Examination of the experience of caesarean delivery is limited, although as caesarean delivery rates are increasing, a practical understanding of the constructs surrounding surgical birth needs to be gained. This review aims to present an overview of the current literature exploring the mother's experience of caesarean delivery. The different modes of medically necessary caesarean delivery, both unplanned and planned are defined. Societal views of caesarean birth as an easier and convenient mode of delivery in comparison to vaginal birth are described and it …
Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin
Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin
Theses : Honours
What can women's narratives contribute to our understanding of breast cancer and to feminist theories of the body? This thesis explores the meanings women construct to make sense of embodied experiences of breast cancer, and the profound experience of breast loss. Rich contextual data was elicited from in depth, guided conversations with five premenopausal women who have undergone mastectomy. Adopting feminist methodology, biographic-narrative was used to place the body at the heart of inquiry. This thesis explores the personal and theoretical meanings of mastectomy, embedded in the larger story of how these five women experience their breasts, throughout their lives. …
The Direction Of Memory For Music For Popular And Novel Songs, Susan Rose Sibma
The Direction Of Memory For Music For Popular And Novel Songs, Susan Rose Sibma
Theses : Honours
Previous research on memory for music has typically measured participants' reaction times (RTs) and accuracy in tests of recall and recognition of songs presented to them. The current study was interested in what occurs during the time that elapses between stimulus onset and the generation of a response. It has been suggested that people sing or hum to themselves as they search for an answer (Rubin, 1977), but a question that has been overlooked to date is in what direction this occurs. As music unfolds in time, it was proposed that in memory for music, 'forward is best'. In the …
Prisoners' Coping And Use Of Family Support, And Impact Of The Visiting Experience For Families, Lois F. Lange
Prisoners' Coping And Use Of Family Support, And Impact Of The Visiting Experience For Families, Lois F. Lange
Theses : Honours
This review was focussed on three areas (1) theoretical concepts of stress, coping and social support; (2) explanations for the patterns of prisoners' perceptions of their support-seeking behavior; and (3) the impact on families providing support. Prisoners' patterns of support seeking in the prison environment appear more consistent with hierarchical organisations than the domestication model of unit management. For stressful, uncontrollable situations, emotional support is sought from families, who are difficult to access. The family obligation to provide the free service of support to prisoners has implications for prison management and policy. Priorities for future research are (1) the impact …
Mothers Coping With Multigenerational Sexual Abuse : Case Studies Within Feminist/Ecological Systems Frameworks, Tracey L. Caporn
Mothers Coping With Multigenerational Sexual Abuse : Case Studies Within Feminist/Ecological Systems Frameworks, Tracey L. Caporn
Theses : Honours
This study aimed to identify the needs of mothers when they were indecisive (immobilized) about believing or protecting their child who had been sexually abused, taking into consideration that they had also been sexually abused in childhood (multigenerational abuse) and that their ecological contexts may have also played a role. Four Mothers were recruited from an agency dealing in abuse issues. Case studies were compiled after recording a qualitative conversational, semi-structured interview (Burgess-Limerick & Burgess-Limerick, 1998), using questions derived from the literature. Discourse analysis identified that abused mothers believe and act to protect their children within minutes to hours of …
Experiences Of Relapse In Smoking Cessation, Natalie Kay D'Abrew
Experiences Of Relapse In Smoking Cessation, Natalie Kay D'Abrew
Theses : Honours
Relapse is regarded as a common occurrence, and it is known that smokers make an average of three to four attempts to cease smoking before maintaining smoking cessation. Thus, relapse continues to be a problem for interventions for smoking cessation. This qualitative study explored the experiences of relapse in smoking cessation. Fourteen participants, seven maintainers and seven relapsers aged between 21-80 participated in the study, which was facilitated by a semi-structured interview format. Several themes and sub-themes were generated under the categories of strategies, reasons for relapse, and reasons for cessation. The themes highlighted that there were differences between the …
Older Adults And Anxiety : The Role Of Natural Imagery In Anxiety Reduction, Catherine Griffiths
Older Adults And Anxiety : The Role Of Natural Imagery In Anxiety Reduction, Catherine Griffiths
Theses : Honours
The present study aimed to examine whether visual contact with natural imagery would result in reduced levels of anxiety in older people, when compared with the effects of urban imagery. Thirty-three older adults between the ages of 61 and 91 participated in this study. Thirteen of the participants were male and 20 were female. In a partial replication and extension of the work of Ulrich et al. (1991), the participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups - a nature video group. urban video group or control group. All participants initially completed the state form of Spielberger’s (1983) State-Trait …
Repetition Priming And Melody : Implicit Memory For Music, Jacqueline Landre
Repetition Priming And Melody : Implicit Memory For Music, Jacqueline Landre
Theses : Honours
The present study investigated the existence of repetition priming for melody and the extent to which that priming would be affected by the manipulation of frequency. A group of 62 university students and 2 members of the public listened to 20 high frequency and 20 low frequency melodies in the first phase of a repetition priming experiment. Participants were required to name as many melodies as they could as quickly as possible. The same melodies were then re-presented immediately in the second phase of the experiment along with another group of 40 melodies matched in frequency to those in the …
Is There A Need For Speed? : Risky Driving Behaviour And Young Male Drivers : A Review Of The Literature, Catherine A. Ferguson
Is There A Need For Speed? : Risky Driving Behaviour And Young Male Drivers : A Review Of The Literature, Catherine A. Ferguson
Theses : Honours
Young male drivers have been identified as a high risk for Motor Vehicle Accident. This paper reviews three components for accident risk: the driving environment, society and individual factors associated with accident histories. Possible predictors for identifying young men at risk for accident involvement are driving behaviour, driving attitude and sensation seeking. Protective factors to reduce the incidence of risky driving in youth might include legal restrictions, increased education and training. The paper recommends that future research tests the above predictors for a relationship with accident involvement in young men.
The Psychosocial Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Tertiary Students, Tina Hankins
The Psychosocial Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Tertiary Students, Tina Hankins
Theses : Honours
The present study was undertaken to examine the relative contribution of psychosocial variables toward tertiary student smoking behaviour, and their ability to distinguish smokers from non-smokers, or smokers from ex-smokers, amongst this population. Given the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking amongst females of this age group, the psychosocial variables distinguishing female smokers from female non-smokers in the tertiary education system were also examined. It was hypothesised that smoking status of tertiary students would be associated more with their attitude toward smoking than environmental factors. Furthermore, it was hypothesised females would place less emphasis on participation in sporting activities than males, …
The Predictive Accuracy Of The Violent Offender Treatment Program Risk Assessment Scale, Ann Ward
The Predictive Accuracy Of The Violent Offender Treatment Program Risk Assessment Scale, Ann Ward
Theses : Honours
Current methods for screening violent offenders for program eligibility are expensive and time consuming. Developers of the Violent Offender Treatment Program (VOTP) have designed 2 brief and economical instrument to screen offenders for program eligibility. The present study was undertaken to assess the reliability and predictive accuracy of the VOTP Risk Assessment Scale (RAS). An inter-rater reliability of 20 court histories attained a mean kappa of .8 I. The RAS was applied to court histories of 202 violent offenders released between 1985 and 1987. A I 0-year follow-up of convictions for violent behaviour yielded a 47~ base rate. Receiver Operating …
Security Decay: The Erosion Of Effective Security, Shawn A. Mcclure
Security Decay: The Erosion Of Effective Security, Shawn A. Mcclure
Theses : Honours
The discipline of security lacks formal conceptual tools which can be used by security managers, advisers and consultants when attempting to provide effective security. This is because of security's relative age as a discipline, it is very new. The aim of the thesis was to contribute to the security discipline by taking Underwood's ( 1989) idea of security decay and to a certain extent exploring and formalising it. The security decay theory is primarily concerned with the influence apathy has on security and how management react to risk materialisation when decay is evident. The thesis focused on the first of …
The Effect Of Masking The Prime In Orthographic And Semantically Related Pairs : An Interactive Activation Account, Rowan Johnston
The Effect Of Masking The Prime In Orthographic And Semantically Related Pairs : An Interactive Activation Account, Rowan Johnston
Theses : Honours
Visual word recognition studies rely on priming tasks to examine underlying processes within the lexical system. A commonly used method is the lexical decision task, where participants are presented with a letter string that is either a familiar word or a meaningless non word such as fost. Response times are measured for the time taken to decide if the letter string is a word or a non word. The word the participant responds to is the target, while the preceding word is referred to as the prime. There are three types of priming conditions reported here. First, semantic priming where …
Bullying In Schools : An Extension And Replication Of Schoolchildren's Attitudes And Helping Behaviour Toward Victims Of Bullying, Kathy Elliott
Bullying In Schools : An Extension And Replication Of Schoolchildren's Attitudes And Helping Behaviour Toward Victims Of Bullying, Kathy Elliott
Theses : Honours
A replication and extension of Rigby and Slee's (1991) study, was conducted in rural Western Australia to investigate age and gender differences in schoolchildren's attitudes and behaviour toward victims of bullying. One hundred and seventy two students (93 Females, 79 males) participated in the study, comprising of, Year 3, Year 7, Year 8, and Year 12 students. Three written, anonymous questionnaires were used: (i) The Peer Relations Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 1994) and (ii) the Pro-Victim Scale (Rigby & Slee, 1991) examined students peer interactions and attitudes toward victims; and a self-developed questionnaire, (iii) the Victim Questionnaire, was ased to …
Patterns Of Anger, Attribution, And Appraisal, Andrew J. Ellis
Patterns Of Anger, Attribution, And Appraisal, Andrew J. Ellis
Theses : Honours
A single study investigates two cognitive theories of anger arousal, and the hostile attribution bias (HAB) phenomenon from the aggression literature. It was argued that the role of B. Weiner’s (1985, 1986) casual attribution dimension of intentionality has been underestimated in anger arousal; and it was hypothesised that when attributions of intentionality increase anger arousal increases. R. S. Lazarus and K. A. Smith's ( 1988) appraisal theory holds that emotions arc aroused in response to personally relevant events, and without this appraisal process causal attibutions are insufficient to evoke emotions. Based on this it was hypothesised that appraisal components are …
Individual Differences In Word Association And Inference Generation From Brief Discourse, Alison L. Clark
Individual Differences In Word Association And Inference Generation From Brief Discourse, Alison L. Clark
Theses : Honours
When people read a short discourse, both more and less skilled readers make word associations. However, it has also been found that, whereas more skilled readers generate inferences from the text, less skilled readers do not (Long, Oppy, & Seely, 1994). The present study partially replicates and extends the study of Long et al. (1994) by investigating the pattern of word associations and whether less skilled readers may be able to generate inferences if given more time to process the discourse. In particular, the study investigates whether word association are made and inferences are drawn as part of an automatic …
Occupational Stress, Coping Styles, And Social Resources, Wayne L. Hill
Occupational Stress, Coping Styles, And Social Resources, Wayne L. Hill
Theses : Honours
Researchers in the stress and coping field have developed a variety of "stress and coping" models to explain the interaction between stressors, social resources, coping styles, and distress symptoms (Edwards & Baglioni, 1990). The present study examined three models to explain the relationship between the variables: direct effect, buffering effect and mediating effect. This study examined effective and non-effective coping styles at work: accommodation, change, avoidance, devaluation, and symptom management. Data were collected on 120 white collar workers' state of mental exhaustion, somatic symptoms, role stressors, coping styles, and perceived social support. The utility of the three models was examined …
The Presenters Of Anger Management Programmes : Their Experiences Of Working In The Context Of Prisons, Monica O'Keefe
The Presenters Of Anger Management Programmes : Their Experiences Of Working In The Context Of Prisons, Monica O'Keefe
Theses : Honours
The study was an exploration of the experiences of eight presenters of anger management programmes in relation to their work in prisons. It was conducted within an interpretive paradigm using a phenomenological framework. From the data analysis, four principal themes emerged. One centred on the impact of the prison environment; another on the work culture of prisons; a third on experiential group processes; and a fourth on personal concerns of the participants. The results suggest the environment and culture of the prison had a strong impact on the presenters personally and had a dominant influence on the way they could …
Short Term Effects Of Repeated Masked Priming In Stem Completion Tasks, Anthony Van Andel
Short Term Effects Of Repeated Masked Priming In Stem Completion Tasks, Anthony Van Andel
Theses : Honours
This thesis examines the effect of time delay and intervening items on masked repetition studies with word stem completion tasks. In the first experiment a masked priming effect was obtained. The effect was strongest 500ms after the presentation of the prime, and decreasing in a linear trend seven seconds after the presentation of the prime. The second experiment found that interpolating a naming task between the masked prime and the stem completion task eliminated the effects of the repeated masked prime. This result is a failure to replicate previous research which found a masked repetition effect over a short delay …
The Relationship Between Quantity Of Possessions Transported And Homesickness In Migrants, Rosalynn M. Morrow
The Relationship Between Quantity Of Possessions Transported And Homesickness In Migrants, Rosalynn M. Morrow
Theses : Honours
The study addresses the relationship between the quantity of possessions transported by migrants from their country of origin and reported levels of homesickness. Eighty-nine subjects from the United Kingdom and Eire participated in the study, which was limited to those migrants who have been resident in Australia for less than 5 years (M=2.53). The sample was non random (purposive and accidental), consisting of 51 males and 38 females, and the mean age of the participants on arrival in Australia was 33 years. Participants completed a 32 item, Likert scale, questionnaire which incorporated items from the Fisher (1989) Dundee Relocation Inventory …