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Articles 31 - 52 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Sympathy Fuels Creativity: The Beneficial Effects Of Sympathy On Originality, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
Sympathy Fuels Creativity: The Beneficial Effects Of Sympathy On Originality, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Sympathy is usually evoked by heightened awareness of and concern for others' suffering by perceiving or reacting to their distress or need. Sympathetic contexts appear to spur creative solutions, because those who react sympathetically to others' suffering tend to seek novel, desirable, and prosocial solutions that alleviate suffering and promote well-being. We conducted two studies to investigate whether sympathy enhances creativity. Study 1 tested the feasibility of using images of distressed elderly as an unobtrusive method to induce sympathy. Study 2 sought to determine whether induced sympathy promotes creativity, and whether individual differences in trait empathy moderate this effect. Results …
Bilingual Effects On Deployment Of The Attention System In Linguistically And Culturally Homogeneous Children And Adults, Sujin Yang, Hwajin Yang
Bilingual Effects On Deployment Of The Attention System In Linguistically And Culturally Homogeneous Children And Adults, Sujin Yang, Hwajin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We investigated the impact of early childhood and adulthood bilingualism on the attention system in a group of linguistically and culturally homogeneous children (5- and 6-year olds) and young adults. We administered the child Attention Network Test (ANT) to 63 English monolingual and Korean-English bilingual children and administered the adult ANT to 39 language- and culture-matched college students. Advantageous bilingual effects on attention were observed for both children and adults in global processing levels of inverse efficiency, response time, and accuracy at a magnitude more pronounced for children than for adults. Differential bilingualism effects were evident at the local network …
The Regret Elements Scale: Distinguishing The Emotional And Cognitive Components Of Regret, Joshua Buchanan, Amy Summerville, Jennifer Lehmann, Jochen Reb
The Regret Elements Scale: Distinguishing The Emotional And Cognitive Components Of Regret, Joshua Buchanan, Amy Summerville, Jennifer Lehmann, Jochen Reb
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Regret is one of the most common emotions, but researchers generally measure it in an ad-hoc, unvalidated fashion. Three studies outline the construction and validation of the Regret Elements Scale (RES), which distinguishes between an affective component of regret, associated with maladaptive affective outcomes, and a cognitive component of regret, associated with functional preparatory outcomes. The present research demonstrates the RES’s relationship with distress (Study 1), appraisals of emotions (Study 2), and existing measures of regret (Study 3). We further demonstrate the RES’s ability to differentiate regret from other negative emotions (Study 2) and related traits (Study 3). The scale …
Age Matters: The Effect Of Onset Age Of Video Game Play On Task-Switching Abilities, Andree Hartanto, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang
Age Matters: The Effect Of Onset Age Of Video Game Play On Task-Switching Abilities, Andree Hartanto, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although prior research suggests that playing video games can improve cognitive abilities, recent empirical studies cast doubt on such findings (Unsworth et al., 2015). To reconcile these inconsistent findings, we focused on the link between video games and task switching. Furthermore, we conceptualized video-game expertise as the onset age of active video-game play rather than the frequency of recent gameplay, as it captures both how long a person has played video games and whether the individual began playing during periods of high cognitive plasticity. We found that the age of active onset better predicted switch and mixing costs than did …
The Regret Elements Scale: Distinguishing The Emotional And Cognitive Components Of Regret, J. Buchanan, A. Summerville, J. Lehmann, Jochen Reb
The Regret Elements Scale: Distinguishing The Emotional And Cognitive Components Of Regret, J. Buchanan, A. Summerville, J. Lehmann, Jochen Reb
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Regret is one of the most common emotions, but researchers generally measure it in an ad-hoc, unvalidated fashion. Three\302\240studies outline the construction and validation of the Regret Elements Scale (RES), which distinguishes between an affective\302\240component of regret, associated with maladaptive affective outcomes, and a cognitive component of regret, associated with\302\240functional preparatory outcomes. The present research demonstrates the RES's relationship with distress (Study 1), appraisals\302\240of emotions (Study 2), and existing measures of regret (Study 3). We further demonstrate the RES's ability to differentiate\302\240regret from other negative emotions (Study 2) and related traits (Study 3). The scale provides both a new theoretical …
Disparate Bilingual Experiences Modulate Task-Switching Advantages: A Diffusion-Model Analysis Of The Effects Of Interactional Context On Switch Costs, Andree Hartanto, Hwajin Yang
Disparate Bilingual Experiences Modulate Task-Switching Advantages: A Diffusion-Model Analysis Of The Effects Of Interactional Context On Switch Costs, Andree Hartanto, Hwajin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Drawing on the adaptive control hypothesis (Green & Abutalebi, 2013), we investigated whether bilinguals' disparate interactional contexts modulate task-switching performance. Seventy-five bilinguals within the single-language context (SLC) and 58 bilinguals within the dual-language context (DLC) were compared in a typical task-switching paradigm. Given that DLC bilinguals switch between languages within the same context, while SLC bilinguals speak only one language in one environment and therefore rarely switch languages, we hypothesized that the two groups' stark difference in their interactional contexts of conversational exchanges would lead to differences in switch costs. As predicted, DLC bilinguals showed smaller switch costs than SLC …
The Importance Of Bilingual Experience In Assessing Bilingual Advantages In Executive Functions, Hwajin Yang, Andree Hartanto, Sujin Yang
The Importance Of Bilingual Experience In Assessing Bilingual Advantages In Executive Functions, Hwajin Yang, Andree Hartanto, Sujin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Paap, Johnson, and Sawi (2015) contend that bilingual advantages in executive functions (EF) do not exist, and that there is no compelling evidence that a certain bilingual experience hones a specific component of EF (p. 272). We believe that this conclusion is premature, because Paap et al.'s approach was not sufficiently refined to effectively capture the real-world complexity of bilingualism. In this commentary, we draw on the adaptive control hypothesis (Green & Abutalebi, 2013) and argue that studies of bilingualism should consider specific bilingual experiences that potentially moderate bilingual advantages through substantial demand for language control (for similar commentaries, see …
Sweet Love: The Effects Of Sweet Taste Experience On Romantic Perceptions, Ren Dongning, Kenneth Tan, Ximena B. Arriaga, Kai Qin Chan
Sweet Love: The Effects Of Sweet Taste Experience On Romantic Perceptions, Ren Dongning, Kenneth Tan, Ximena B. Arriaga, Kai Qin Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Terms of endearment such as sweetie, honey, and sugar are commonly used in the context of describing romantic partners. This article explores how a relatively subtle manipulation, namely taste sensations, might influence romantic perceptions of a nonestablished relationship. Consistent with predictions, results from Studies 1 and 2 (n = 280) showed that participants evaluated a hypothetical relationship, but not an existing relationship, more favorably when exposed to sweet taste compared to non-sweet taste control. Study 3 (n = 142) further showed that participants indicated greater interest in initiating a relationship with a potential partner when exposed to sweet taste, as …
Perceptions, Stereotypes And Cognitive Resources Of Female Businesspersons: A Social Identity Approach, Amy J. Y. Lim
Perceptions, Stereotypes And Cognitive Resources Of Female Businesspersons: A Social Identity Approach, Amy J. Y. Lim
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), female businesspersons are often stereotyped and labeled either as a Career Women, competent but cold, or as a Traditional Women, warm but incompetent. This suggests that female businesspersons are generally perceived to be either competent or warm individuals, but not both. However, this may not reflect female businesspersons’ own perceptions of their competence and warmth in the workplace. Contrary to the stereotypes, evidence has demonstrated that some female businesspersons display behaviors that signal both competence and warmth. Employing a social identity approach, I propose that gender-professional identity integration (G-PII), an individual difference that …
Partner's Understanding Of Affective-Cognitive Meta-Bases Predicts Relationship Quality, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See, Christopher R. Agnew
Partner's Understanding Of Affective-Cognitive Meta-Bases Predicts Relationship Quality, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See, Christopher R. Agnew
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Knowledge that partners have about each other's attitudes are consequential for relationship quality. This article extends prior research and examines whether knowledge regarding a partner's meta-attitudinal bases, or subjective perceptions of how one's attitudes are driven, can influence relationship quality. Given how meta-bases are reflective of information-processing goals, we hypothesized that partner understanding of meta-attitudinal bases would positively predict relationship quality. Self and partner ratings of how relationally relevant attitudes were driven, as well as perceptions of relationship quality, were assessed. Results revealed that a partner's knowledge of one's meta-bases positively predicts one's own reported relationship quality. Results remained significant …
Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho
Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The present study examines antecedents and consequences of two aspects of mindfulness in a work setting: employee awareness and employee absent-mindedness. Using two samples, the study found these two aspects of mindfulness to be beneficially associated with employee well-being, as measured by emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and psychological need satisfaction, and with job performance, as measured by task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and deviance. These results suggest a potentially important role of mindfulness at the workplace. The study also found that organizational constraints and organizational support predicted employee mindfulness, pointing to the important role that the organizational environment may play …
Cultural Psychological Theory, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Cultural Psychological Theory, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Cultural psychology has revived the original intention of the cognitive revolution in which psychologists aimed to bring meaning to the study of the mind (Bruner, 1990). In contrast to much of psychological research that has been devoted to discovering “pure” context-free psychological mechanisms, the basic assumption of cultural psychology is that the human psyche cannot exist independently of its sociocultural contexts, and therefore, the study of human actions must consider the contexts in which these actions take place (Shweder, 1995). From the beginning, cultural psychology has aimed to understand the mutual influence between psyche and cultural contexts. According to the …
A Holistic Intervention Program For Children From Low Socioeconomic Status Families, Jonathan S. E. Tang, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
A Holistic Intervention Program For Children From Low Socioeconomic Status Families, Jonathan S. E. Tang, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
There is considerable evidence that children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at risk of profound delays in cognitive development and educational achievement. Scholars and policy makers have therefore sought to identify the potential causes of these problems and to design interventions to narrow this achievement gap. With this goal, Neville et al. (2013) developed a family-based intervention (PCMC-A) to improve neurocognitive functions supporting selective attention in low-SES preschoolers. Involving both parents and children in the training, they demonstrated that the PCMC-A significantly improved nonverbal IQ, receptive language, neurocognitive functions supporting early attentional processing, parent-reported social skills, and …
The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness And Executive Attention Among Chinese-English Bilingual Children, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Carissa Kang
The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness And Executive Attention Among Chinese-English Bilingual Children, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Carissa Kang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We examined the relationship between phonological awareness (PA) and executive attention among Chinese-English bilingual children in the process of learning to read. Seventy-four bilingual children (mean age 67.5 months) completed phonological tasks assessing onset and rime awareness and the Attention Network Test (ANT), a nonverbal measure of executive attention (Rueda et al., 2004). Hierarchical analyses revealed bidirectional relations between PA and executive attention, with PA predicting executive attention and vice versa. The predictive relation of PA to executive attention was more pronounced for English onset and Chinese rime awareness. Evidence of cross-linguistic transfer of PA skills suggests concurrent contributions of …
Conformist Opinion Shift As An Accommodation-Motivated Cognitive Experience In Strong And Weak Situations, Angela K. Y. Leung, Evelyn Wing-Mun Au, Chi-Yue Chiu
Conformist Opinion Shift As An Accommodation-Motivated Cognitive Experience In Strong And Weak Situations, Angela K. Y. Leung, Evelyn Wing-Mun Au, Chi-Yue Chiu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The authors introduce accommodation motivation as an individual difference construct that predicts personal preference to display conformist opinion shift, or the tendency to align opinion of the self with that of the group. The authors hypothesize that the relationship between accommodation motivation and conformist opinion shift will be stronger when the situational press for conformity is weak. Having clarified the conceptual meaning of accommodation motivation, the authors present evidence from two experiments that accommodation-motivated individuals readily display conformist opinion shift in anticipation of discussing with disagreeing others when conformity demand is weak (vs. strong). The second experiment offers initial support …
Development And Initial Validation Of The Willingness To Compromise Scale, Serena Wee
Development And Initial Validation Of The Willingness To Compromise Scale, Serena Wee
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study introduced an individual difference construct of willingness to compromise and examined its implications for understanding and predicting career-related decisions in work settings. In Study 1 (N = 53), critical incidents of career decisions were analyzed to identify commonalities across different types of career-related compromises. In Study 2 (N = 171), an initial 17-item scale was developed and revised. In Study 3 (N = 201), the convergent and criterion-related validity of the scale was examined in relation to specific personality traits, regret, dealing with uncertainty, career adaptability, and a situational dilemma task. Willingness to compromise was negatively related to …
The Influence Of Mindful Attention On Value Claiming In Distributive Negotiations: Evidence From Four Laboratory Experiments, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan
The Influence Of Mindful Attention On Value Claiming In Distributive Negotiations: Evidence From Four Laboratory Experiments, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examined the effect of mindful attention on negotiation outcomes in distributive negotiations across four experiments. In Studies 1 and 2, participants who performed a short mindful attention exercise prior to the negotiation claimed a larger share of the bargaining zone than the control condition participants they negotiated with. Study 3 replicated this finding using a different manipulation of mindful attention. Study 4 again replicated this result and also found that mindful negotiators were more satisfied with both the outcome and the process of the negotiation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions.
Embodied Metaphors And Creative "Acts", Angela K.-Y. Leung, Suntae Kim, Evan Polman, Lay See Ong, Lin Qiu, Jack A. Goncola, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks
Embodied Metaphors And Creative "Acts", Angela K.-Y. Leung, Suntae Kim, Evan Polman, Lay See Ong, Lin Qiu, Jack A. Goncola, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Creativity is a highly sought after skill. To inspire people’s creativity, prescriptive advice in the form of metaphors abound: We are encouraged to think outside the box, to consider the problem on one hand, then on the other hand, and to put two and two together to achieve creative breakthroughs. These metaphors suggest a connection between concrete bodily experiences and creative cognition. Inspired by recent advances on body-mind linkages under the emerging vernacular of embodied cognition, we explored for the first time whether enacting metaphors for creativity enhances creative problem-solving. In five studies, findings revealed that both physically and psychologically …
Connecting The Dots Within: Creative Performance And Identity Integration, Chi-Ying Cheng, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Fion Lee
Connecting The Dots Within: Creative Performance And Identity Integration, Chi-Ying Cheng, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Fion Lee
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In two studies drawing from social identity theory and the creative-cognition approach, we found that higher levels of identity integration - perceived compatibility between two social identities - predict higher levels of creative performance in tasks that draw on both identity-relevant knowledge domains. Study 1 showed that Asian Americans with higher identity integration were more creative in developing new dishes using a given set of ingredients, but only when both Asian and American ingredients were available. Study 2 showed that female engineers with higher identity integration were more creative in designing a product, but only when the product was targeted …
Giving The Learners Control Of Navigation: Cognitive Gains And Losses, Tamas Makany, Paula C. Engelbrecht, Katie Meadmore, Richard Dudley, Edward S. Redhead, Itiel E. Dror
Giving The Learners Control Of Navigation: Cognitive Gains And Losses, Tamas Makany, Paula C. Engelbrecht, Katie Meadmore, Richard Dudley, Edward S. Redhead, Itiel E. Dror
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
E-learning often involves exploration of the information space that is somewhat similar to the exploration of space in the real world. Initial paths taken in any environment (be it a physical, virtual, or any other type) will not only guide the discoveries of what the environment contains, but also formulate the underlying organising principles. The suggested route in an art gallery frequently presents artworks that are either chronological or conceptually tied together. Deviating from this –and taking a route of our own, if at all possible– might be either confusing or insightful. The structure of the information, and the control …
It Is Not Worth Learning If It Is Not Remembered: Designing E-Learning To Increase Memory, Paula C. Engelbrecht, Tamas Makany, Katie Meadmore, Richard Dudley, Itiel E. Dror
It Is Not Worth Learning If It Is Not Remembered: Designing E-Learning To Increase Memory, Paula C. Engelbrecht, Tamas Makany, Katie Meadmore, Richard Dudley, Itiel E. Dror
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The collation, storage and retrieval of information are essential components of successful learning. Whether information is retained depends on a variety of factors, including how the information fits with an individual’s existing knowledge, the way in which information is presented, and its complexity. Some of these factors are under the direct control of the e-learning designers and developers. Investigating these factors and how they impact on memory is important and can enhance the quality of e-learning. Evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that information is stored in a semantically meaningful manner. It follows that e-learning technologies, which either mimic how knowledge …
Interference Between Verbal Concept Formation And Spatial Mental Rotation In Female Subjects, Tamas Makany, Kázmér Karadi, János Kallai, Lynn Nadel
Interference Between Verbal Concept Formation And Spatial Mental Rotation In Female Subjects, Tamas Makany, Kázmér Karadi, János Kallai, Lynn Nadel
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
In this study the relation between spatial cognition and verbal intelligence abilities was examined in case of 52 women. Interference between mental rotation performance and verbal intelligence scores was found. Women with good verbal abilities have lower scores in mental rotation tasks than subjects with poorer verbal abilities. This finding is in accordance with some basic models of a dual-coding system. The spatial functions represented in mental rotation interfered with verbal-based concept formation and lexical knowledge in college women.