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Articles 181 - 205 of 205
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Comparison Of Alternative Models For Personality Disorders, Leslie C. Morey, Christopher J. Hopwood, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Robert L. Stout, Mary C. Zanarini, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan
Comparison Of Alternative Models For Personality Disorders, Leslie C. Morey, Christopher J. Hopwood, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Robert L. Stout, Mary C. Zanarini, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
BACKGROUND: The categorical classification system for personality disorder (PD) has been frequently criticized and several alternative dimensional models have been proposed.
METHOD: Antecedent, concurrent and predictive markers of construct validity were examined for three models of PDs: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) model and the DSM-IV in the Collaborative Study of Personality Disorders (CLPS) sample.
RESULTS: All models showed substantial validity across a variety of marker variables over time. Dimensional models (including dimensionalized DSM-IV) consistently outperformed the conventional categorical diagnosis in predicting external variables, such as subsequent suicidal gestures and hospitalizations. FFM facets …
Children's Use Of Race In Drawing Inferences Based On Their Understanding Of Race Constancy, Casey A. Dawson
Children's Use Of Race In Drawing Inferences Based On Their Understanding Of Race Constancy, Casey A. Dawson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Children’s understanding of race constancy and their subsequent use of race as a means of drawing inductive inferences were investigated. Race constancy was determined by children’s tendency to say that people could change category membership by changing their outside appearance. A second phase of the study measured how many race-based inferences children made relative to other social categories such as age or sex. The results indicated that children who had a better understanding of race constancy were also more likely to use race as a means of drawing inductive inferences. These findings support a developmental progression of race constancy and …
Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks
Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
This study was designed to determine whether participants would have better recall for names with phonetic properties that matched a paired personality trait. In other words, phonetically attractive names paired with positive traits and phonetically unattractive names paired with negative traits should have higher rates of recall than names whose phonetic properties did not match a paired personality trait, such as phonetically attractive names paired with negative traits or phonetically unattractive names paired with positive traits. Given names were deemed to be phonetically attractive or unattractive based on the number of sonorants (soft consonant sounds such as l, m, n, …
Empathy And Cognitive Flexibility As Correlates Of Forgiveness, Rebecca Bennett Katovsich
Empathy And Cognitive Flexibility As Correlates Of Forgiveness, Rebecca Bennett Katovsich
Dissertations
Problem. For the past three decades, there has been a growing body of literature related to the topic of forgiveness. The idea that empathy, consisting of both emotional and cognitive aspects, plays an integral role in the process of forgiveness is widely supported in the literature, although there is limited empirical evidence for this claim. Beyond interest in examining the relationship between forgiveness and empathy, this research also aimed to explore the role of cognitive flexibility in the forgivenessprocess, considering both the intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of cognitive flexibility.
Method. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the NEO …
Beliefs About Essences And The Reality Of Mental Disorders, Woo-Kyoung Ahn, Elizabeth H. Flanagan, Jessecae K. Marsh, Charles A. Sanislow
Beliefs About Essences And The Reality Of Mental Disorders, Woo-Kyoung Ahn, Elizabeth H. Flanagan, Jessecae K. Marsh, Charles A. Sanislow
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
Do people believe mental disorders are real and possess underlying essences? The current study found that both novices and practicing clinicians held weaker essentialist beliefs about mental disorders than about medical disorders. They were also unwilling to endorse the idea that mental disorders are real and natural. Furthermore, compared with novices, mental health clinicians were less likely to endorse the view that there is a shared cause underlying a mental disorder and that one needs to remove the cause to get rid of the mental disorder. Clinicians were polarized on their views about whether mental disorders are categorical or dimensional. …
Descriptive And Longitudinal Observations On The Relationship Of Borderline Personality Disorder And Bipolar Disorder, John G. Gunderson, Igor Weinberg, Maria T. Daversa, Karsten D. Kueppenbender, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Leslie C. Morey, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Robert L. Stout, Ingrid R. Dyck
Descriptive And Longitudinal Observations On The Relationship Of Borderline Personality Disorder And Bipolar Disorder, John G. Gunderson, Igor Weinberg, Maria T. Daversa, Karsten D. Kueppenbender, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Leslie C. Morey, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Robert L. Stout, Ingrid R. Dyck
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test whether borderline personality disorder is a variant of bipolar disorder by examining the rates of co-occurrence in both disorders, the effects of co-occurrence on a longitudinal course, and whether the presence of either disorder confers the risk for new onsets of the other.
METHOD: A prospective repeated-measures design with reliable independent diagnostic measures and 4 years of follow-up was used to assess 196 patients with borderline personality disorder and 433 patients with other personality disorders.
RESULTS: Patients with borderline personality disorder had a significantly higher co-occurrence of bipolar disorder (19.4%) than …
Motive-Goal Congruence: Normative Congruence, Ipsative Congruence And Mindfulness, Anne Lytton Hurst
Motive-Goal Congruence: Normative Congruence, Ipsative Congruence And Mindfulness, Anne Lytton Hurst
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Levels Of Consciousness, Archetypal Energies, And Earth Lessons: An Emerging Worldview, Carroy U. Ferguson
Levels Of Consciousness, Archetypal Energies, And Earth Lessons: An Emerging Worldview, Carroy U. Ferguson
Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.
Worldviews emerge from our individual and collective Levels of Consciousness at given points in time and space and from what we come to “believe” is possible or not. In my own experience, my research on Consciousness, and my study of various cultures, societies, and Consciousness literature, I have identified at least seven Levels of Consciousness, twenty-five Archetypal Energies, and various Earth Lessons, which we seem to commonly experience as human beings, in our own unique personal, societal, and global life spaces.
Avoidant Personality Disorder And Social Phobia: Distinct Enough To Be Separate Disorders?, Elizabeth Ralevski, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Donna S. Bender, Mary C. Zanarini, Thomas H. Mcglashan
Avoidant Personality Disorder And Social Phobia: Distinct Enough To Be Separate Disorders?, Elizabeth Ralevski, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Donna S. Bender, Mary C. Zanarini, Thomas H. Mcglashan
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
Objective: Existing evidence from anxiety disorder research indicates that social phobics (SP) with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) experience more anxiety and show more impairment than patients with SP alone. The purpose of this study was to examine whether in patients diagnosed with AVPD, the co-occurrence of SP adds to its severity. We hypothesized that the addition of SP will not add to the severity of AVPD alone.
Method: Two groups of patients (AVPD = 224; AVPD/SP = 101) were compared at baseline and 2 years later on multiple demographic and clinical variables.
Results: Patients with AVPD and an additional diagnosis …
Self-Management Strategies Mediate Self-Efficacy And Physical Activity, Amanda Birnbaum, Rod K. Dishman, Robert W. Motl, James F. Sallis, Andrea L. Dunn, Greg J. Welk, Ariane L. Yung, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Jared B. Jobe
Self-Management Strategies Mediate Self-Efficacy And Physical Activity, Amanda Birnbaum, Rod K. Dishman, Robert W. Motl, James F. Sallis, Andrea L. Dunn, Greg J. Welk, Ariane L. Yung, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Jared B. Jobe
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Self-efficacy theory proposes that girls who have confidence in their capability to be physically active will perceive fewer barriers to physical activity or be less influenced by them, be more likely to pursue perceived benefits of being physically active, and be more likely to enjoy physical activity. Self-efficacy is theorized also to influence physical activity through self-management strategies (e.g., thoughts, goals, plans, and acts) that support physical activity, but this idea has not been empirically tested.
Actantial Analysis Greimas’S Structural Approach To The Analysis Of Self-Narratives, Yong Wang, Carl W. Roberts
Actantial Analysis Greimas’S Structural Approach To The Analysis Of Self-Narratives, Yong Wang, Carl W. Roberts
Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This paper introduces a formal procedure for analyzing narratives that was developed by the French/Lithuanian structuralist, A. J. Greimas. The focus is on demonstrating the utility of Greimas's ideas for analyzing one aspect of personal narratives: identity-construction. Reconstructing the basic actantial structure from self-narratives is shown to provide cues to power differentials among actants as perceived by the narrator. Distinguishing narrated events along conflict versus communication axes helps the analyst determine whether an experiential or a discursive domain is of primacy for the narrator. Moreover, investigation of communicative outcomes can be used to validate (or invalidate) findings on power relations. …
Psychopathy And The Five Factor Model In A Noninstitutionalized Sample: A Domain And Facet Level Analysis, Scott R. Ross, Catherine J. Lutz, Steven E. Bailley
Psychopathy And The Five Factor Model In A Noninstitutionalized Sample: A Domain And Facet Level Analysis, Scott R. Ross, Catherine J. Lutz, Steven E. Bailley
Psychology Faculty Publications
The current study examined the relationship of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality to primary and secondary psychopathic dispositions in a noninstitutionalized sample. Previous investigations suggest that Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism are basic personality traits that characterize psychopathy. However, few studies have examined the relationship of the FFM to primary and secondary psychopathic attributes, respectively. In the current study, the relationship of the FFM using the NEO-PI-R to primary and secondary psychopathic dispositions was investigated in a sample of young adults. Previous findings were extended by (1) addressing the relationship of higher and lower order FFM traits (i.e., facet …
Psychophysiological Reactivity To Traumatic And Abandonment Scripts In Borderline Personality And Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: A Preliminary Report, Christian G. Schmahl, Bernet M. Elzinga, Ulrich W. Ebner, Timothy Simms, Charles A. Sanislow, Eric Vermetten, Thomas H. Mcglashan, J. Douglas Bremner
Psychophysiological Reactivity To Traumatic And Abandonment Scripts In Borderline Personality And Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: A Preliminary Report, Christian G. Schmahl, Bernet M. Elzinga, Ulrich W. Ebner, Timothy Simms, Charles A. Sanislow, Eric Vermetten, Thomas H. Mcglashan, J. Douglas Bremner
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition linked to early stressors including traumatic abuse and abandonment. While much work has addressed traumatic events in childhood, little is known about the biological sequelae of BPD including how this disorder may be differentiated from other stressrelated disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate psychophysiological effects of different types of stressful reminders in BPD and in PTSD. Psychophysiological measures including heart rate, skin conductance responses, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to standardized neutral scripts, and personalized scripts of traumatic …
Amygdala Hyperreactivity In Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications For Emotional Dysregulation, Nelson H. Donegan, Charles A. Sanislow, Hilary P. Blumberg, Robert K. Fulbright, Cheryl Lacadie, Pawel Skudlarski, John C. Gore, Ingrid R. Olson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Bruce E. Wexler
Amygdala Hyperreactivity In Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications For Emotional Dysregulation, Nelson H. Donegan, Charles A. Sanislow, Hilary P. Blumberg, Robert K. Fulbright, Cheryl Lacadie, Pawel Skudlarski, John C. Gore, Ingrid R. Olson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Bruce E. Wexler
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
BACKGROUND: Disturbed interpersonal relations and emotional dysregulation are fundamental aspects of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The amygdala plays important roles in modulating vigilance and generating negative emotional states and is often abnormally reactive in disorders of mood and emotion. The aim of this study was to assess amygdala reactivity in BPD patients relative to normal control subjects. We hypothesized that amygdala hyperreactivity contributes to hypervigilance, emotional dysregulation, and disturbed interpersonal relations in BPD.
METHODS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined neural responses to 20-sec blocks of neutral, happy, sad, and fearful facial expression (or a fixation point) in 15 …
The Representation Of Four Personality Disorders By The Schedule For Nonadaptive And Adaptive Personality Dimensional Model Of Personality, Leslie C. Morey, Megan B. Warner, M. Tracie Shea, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, Thomas H. Mcglashan
The Representation Of Four Personality Disorders By The Schedule For Nonadaptive And Adaptive Personality Dimensional Model Of Personality, Leslie C. Morey, Megan B. Warner, M. Tracie Shea, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, Thomas H. Mcglashan
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
This study examined the relationships of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) model of personality to 4 targeted personality disorders (PDs) in a large multisite sample of patients. Data were examined from 529 patients, who were assigned 1 of 5 primary diagnoses: borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive PDs and major depression without PD. Patients were administered the SNAP questionnaire and results were compared among diagnostic groups and between patient groups and nonclinical norms. Results indicated that the dimensions of the model appear to have considerable promise in differentiating normal from abnormal personality, particularly in the propensity of individuals …
Neural Correlates Of Memories Of Abandonment In Women With And Without Borderline Personality Disorder, Christian G. Schmahl, Bernet M. Elzinga, Eric Vermetten, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan, J. Douglas Bremner
Neural Correlates Of Memories Of Abandonment In Women With And Without Borderline Personality Disorder, Christian G. Schmahl, Bernet M. Elzinga, Eric Vermetten, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan, J. Douglas Bremner
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric disorder that is often linked to early stressors. One particularly salient feature of the disorder is fear of abandonment. This pilot study was conducted to measure neural correlates of memories of abandonment in women with and without BPD.
METHODS: Twenty women with a history of childhood sexual abuse underwent measurement of brain blood flow with positron emission tomography imaging while they listened to scripts describing neutral and personal abandonment events. Brain blood flow during exposure to abandonment and neutral scripts was compared among women with and without BPD.
RESULTS: Memories of …
Gender Differences In Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Dawn M. Johnson, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Cynthia L. Battle, Caron Zlotnick, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S. Bender, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini
Gender Differences In Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Dawn M. Johnson, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Cynthia L. Battle, Caron Zlotnick, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S. Bender, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
A majority of the literature on borderline personality disorder (BPD) focuses on its occurrence in women or does not specifically assess for gender differences in clinical presentations. Some studies report that men with BPD may be more likely to be diagnosed with substance use disorders, as well as paranoid, passive-aggressive, narcissistic, sadistic, and antisocial personality disorders (PDs). Additionally, women with BPD appear to be more likely to report histories of adult physical and sexual abuse and to meet diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders. The purpose of the present study was to further examine gender differences …
The Politics Of Helping: An Example From Guatemala, Ibpp Editor
The Politics Of Helping: An Example From Guatemala, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article identifies a complexity of helping others based on beliefs in the therapeutic value of such constructs as reliving memories, venting, catharsis, and the return of the repressed.
Plausibility And Possible Determinants Of Sudden 'Remissions' In Borderline Patients, John G. Gunderson, Donna S. Bender, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Jennifer Bame Rettew, Regina Dolan-Sewell, Ingrid R. Dyck, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol
Plausibility And Possible Determinants Of Sudden 'Remissions' In Borderline Patients, John G. Gunderson, Donna S. Bender, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Jennifer Bame Rettew, Regina Dolan-Sewell, Ingrid R. Dyck, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
THIS STUDY documents dramatic improvements in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and explores their possible determinants. From a sample of the 160 carefully diagnosed borderline patients on whom prospective follow-along data was collected, a subsample of 18 was identified whose DSM-IV criteria count fell to two or fewer during the course of the first 6 months of the study and retained that improvement for the next 6 months. Follow-along data including month-by-month ratings of BPD criteria; week-by-week ratings of Axis I disorders, medication changes, and life events were then used to establish concensus ratings on four hypothesized causes: Axis …
Conscientiousness And The Prediction Of Task Duration: Evidence Of The Role Of Personality In Time Prediction, William Ernest Kelly
Conscientiousness And The Prediction Of Task Duration: Evidence Of The Role Of Personality In Time Prediction, William Ernest Kelly
Doctoral Dissertations
Accuracy in predicting the duration necessary to complete a task is an important dimension of daily fife. There exists a large degree of variation in an individual's accuracy in predicting task duration. One domain suggested to influence accuracy of predicting duration is that of personality factors and individual differences. Empirical and theoretical links were found in the literature between the personality factor conscientiousness, of the Five Factor Model of Personality, anxiety, and predicting task duration. The purpose of this dissertation was to empirically examine the role of conscientiousness and anxiety in the accurate prediction of task duration. Ninety-five undergraduate students …
Relationships And Universal Energy Laws, Carroy U. Ferguson
Relationships And Universal Energy Laws, Carroy U. Ferguson
Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.
Relationships are our most intense forms of "mirrors" in the world. They show us in direct and indirect ways how we are using our personal energy systems in what I call our three life spaces. They show us how we consciously and unconsciously employ what some authors have called Universal Energy Laws (see attached descriptions of these laws) to co-create the quality of our relationships. Whether or not we "attract" and/or deal with relationships in conscious or subconscious ways, what I call the "mirror effect" is reflected in our three life spaces—personal life space, societal life space, and global life …
Conduct Disorder Questionnaire, Dwayne L. Milam
Conduct Disorder Questionnaire, Dwayne L. Milam
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Conduct disorder is characterized by a pattern of rule violation in which the rights of those associated with the individual and society are violated. Frequently there are many problems at home, school, and within the community. Without early diagnosis and treatment these problems escalate. Many different techniques and assessment tools have been used to identify these individuals. Most rely on collateral informants, such as parents and teachers. Others are time consuming or not developed to specifically identify conduct disorder. The Conduct Disorder Questionnaire was developed by the author to address these issues. The questionnaire is a brief, easily scored self-report …
A Correlational Study Of Cognitive Style Measured By The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator And The Witkin Group Embedded Figure, Leith Wood Muessle
A Correlational Study Of Cognitive Style Measured By The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator And The Witkin Group Embedded Figure, Leith Wood Muessle
Dissertations and Theses
A review of the literature suggests a coincidence of personality characteristics among the cognitive styles defined by Field Dependence-Independence and the Myers-Briggs type preferences. This thesis proposed these independent measures of cognitive style tap common cognitive processes and hypothesized the Myers-Briggs dimensions of Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Sensing-Intuition (SN), and Judgement-Perception (JP) would correlate positively and Thinking-Feeling (TF) would correlate negatively with the dimension Field Dependence-Independence (FD-FI) as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). The relationships of gender, age, and intelligence to the prediction of field-dependence-independence were also tested.
Norm-Of-Reaction: Definition And Misinterpretation Of Animal Research, Steve A. Platt, Charles A. Sanislow
Norm-Of-Reaction: Definition And Misinterpretation Of Animal Research, Steve A. Platt, Charles A. Sanislow
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
The development of a phenotype is due to an interaction of the genotype with the environment. Two terms have been used to describe the outcome of this interaction, the norm-of-reaction and the reaction range. The first represents the theoretically limitless distribution of the phenotypes that may be expressed by a given genotype. The reaction range implies an upper and lower limit for phenotype expression possible from a given genotype. A critical distinction between the reaction range and the norm-of-reaction is that the norm-of-reaction is a statement of the conceivable interactions found but does not imply any predictability other than that …
The Role Of Extraversion & Intraversion On The Performance Of An Abstract Reasoning Task, Clarkie Farley
The Role Of Extraversion & Intraversion On The Performance Of An Abstract Reasoning Task, Clarkie Farley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This research compares the performance of a group of extraverts to a group of intraverts on a cognitive reasoning task. According to the theory of Hans J. Eysenck, one would expect that the intraverts would perform better than the extraverts on a task of massed reasoning. On the basis of scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Otis Lennon Mental Ability Test, a sample of 72 Ss were drawn from two undergraduate classes, Principles of Applied Learning and Human Development, at Western Kentucky University. Only Ss with extreme scores on the Extraversion scale E were selected, with each extravert …