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Cognition and Perception Commons™

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2001

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Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in Cognition and Perception

I Know What You Know: Assumptions About Others' Knowledge And Their Effects On Message Construction, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong Dec 2001

I Know What You Know: Assumptions About Others' Knowledge And Their Effects On Message Construction, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Current models of interpersonal communication assume that estimation of listener's knowledge is a basis for message formulation. By introducing methodological modifications to the Fussell and Krauss paradigm, the present study provides more definitive evidence for the use of knowledge estimation in message productions.


Gender Differences In Risk Perception: Broadening The Contexts, Jan L. Hitchcock Sep 2001

Gender Differences In Risk Perception: Broadening The Contexts, Jan L. Hitchcock

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author surveys literature on the effect of gender on risk perception.


Motion Perception Of Angularly Expanding Stimuli Within A Presence Versus Absence Framework, Nathan R. Bailey Jul 2001

Motion Perception Of Angularly Expanding Stimuli Within A Presence Versus Absence Framework, Nathan R. Bailey

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that searching for the presence of a feature among featureless distractors is easier than searching for the absence of a feature among distractor objects containing the feature. The present study examined motion perception within this context while manipulating motion type and target density. Further, the element of angular expansion was also included as part of the moving stimuli. Using a standard computer interface, participants were asked to respond as quickly as they could to a variety of moving stimuli. Results showed that it took more time to detect stationary targets among moving distractors than to find moving …


The Effect Of Age-Related Stereotypes On Memory Self-Efficacy And Memory Task-Performance Of Older Adults, Brenda Karns May 2001

The Effect Of Age-Related Stereotypes On Memory Self-Efficacy And Memory Task-Performance Of Older Adults, Brenda Karns

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Forty-six older adults participated in a study to examine the hypothesis that there is a significant association between stereotypes of age-related memory decline and memory self-efficacy beliefs. It was also hypothesized that this relationship affects performance on measures of memory performance. A measure of age stereotype vulnerability was assessed along with two measures of memory self-efficacy, four measures of implicit, explicit, and working memory, and two measures of implicit and explicit sequential learning. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among stereotypes of age, memory self-efficacy, and subsequent performance on various tasks of memory and learning. Emphasis was …


False Memories And False Eyewitness Identifications: Are They Related?, Jodi Leigh Price May 2001

False Memories And False Eyewitness Identifications: Are They Related?, Jodi Leigh Price

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Memory errors have become a topic of interest to psychologists in many areas. The present study asked if two types of errors of commission were based on the same mechanism, increasing the utility of findings in each area. The Deese/RoedigerMcDermott false memory paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) and the unconscious transference eyewitness identification paradigm (Ross, Ceci, Dunning, & Toglia, 1994) represent two tasks in which memory errors occur. Numerous studies exist examining each of these, few if any exist that examine the relationship between false memories and false eyewitness identifications. The current study therefore, utilized tasks from each …


Poorer European Countries Are Less Concerned About Biotechnology Than Richer Countries, Michael Siegrist Mar 2001

Poorer European Countries Are Less Concerned About Biotechnology Than Richer Countries, Michael Siegrist

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author examines the relationship between GNP, media coverage, and public perceptions of the utility, risk, and acceptability of medical and food-related applications of biotechnology.


Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky Mar 2001

Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author reviews a method for undertaking a cross-project comparison of comparative risk analyses to understand which environmental problem areas have been cited most as often posing the severest risks.


Cognitive And Emotional Variables In Childhood Anxiety, Robin L. Browning Jan 2001

Cognitive And Emotional Variables In Childhood Anxiety, Robin L. Browning

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Research was conducted on 60 subjects from mental health agencies in order to determine that childhood anxiety and depression can be differentiated. The 60 subjects were given the CDI and the RCMAS self-report measures in order to be placed in groups. This allowed the subjects to be divided into 4 groups: Anxious, Anxious/Depressed, Depressed and Not Anxious/Not Depressed. The 4 groups were then given 2 additional self-report measures, the STAIC and FSSC -R to measure whether Anxious and the Anxious/Depressed children exhibited more fears and anxious traits than did the Depressed and Not Anxious/Not Depressed children. Analyses of variance revealed …


The Relationship Between Receptive Vocabulary And Letter Recognition, James Bennett Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Receptive Vocabulary And Letter Recognition, James Bennett

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The West Virginia Educare Program has randomly chosen 150 children from 2 ½ to 5 years of age to participate in an academic readiness study. These children came from a 6 county pilot community program collaborative, including the counties of Cabell, Wayne, Monongalia, Roane, Upshur, Webster, and Summers. The Bracken-R, the PPVT-III, and Carolina Curriculum for Pre-Schoolers with special needs were used to assess all subjects. For this study, the letter recognition subset of the Bracken-R and the raw score of the PPVT-III were used to determine if a correlation exists between receptive vocabulary and letter recognition. This study found …


'Reading The Play' Situational Awareness And Performance Of Australian Football League Players, Craig Harms Jan 2001

'Reading The Play' Situational Awareness And Performance Of Australian Football League Players, Craig Harms

Theses : Honours

Many high-performing Australian Football (AF) players appear to be better at 'reading the play' than other AF players. One cognitive capacity that appears to be similar in nature to 'reading the play', and that has been associated with the performance of elite pilots, is Situational Awareness (SA). The principal focus of this study was to examine the extent to which individual differences in an AF -specific measure of SA and the PC-based WOMBATTM test of SA were associated with individual differences in AF player performance, within the context of physiological and psychomotor capacities, using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results …


Neuropsychological Test Scores In Children With And Without Learning Disabilities, Gerard E. Spiegler Jan 2001

Neuropsychological Test Scores In Children With And Without Learning Disabilities, Gerard E. Spiegler

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Fifty-six elementary and secondary school students between the ages of 9 years and 16 years were individually administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Reading and Mathematics Composite sub scales of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT). Based on a criterion of at least 1.75 standard deviations difference between the highest WISC-III Index score and the lowest WIAT composite score, 27 subjects were assigned to a Learning Disability (LO) group and 29 subjects to a Not LO group (NLD). All even numbered subjects were subsequently administered the same battery of 9 neuropsychological tests in …


Current Psychological Perceptions Of Clothing As A Form Of Communication In The Business Environment, Amy L. Trowbridge Jan 2001

Current Psychological Perceptions Of Clothing As A Form Of Communication In The Business Environment, Amy L. Trowbridge

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook Jan 2001

The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the present studies was to assess the separate and interactive effects of misinformation and group discussion on eyewitness testimony. In Experiments 1and 2, participants viewed a short video of a simulated robbery and shooting, and were then presented with either neutral or misleading information that was embedded in forced-choice questionnaires in a recognition test. Participants were subsequently randomly assigned to a group-recognition or individual-recognition condition. Groups were instructed to answer questions about details of the video (in Experiment 1 they were instructed to try to reach consensus), while individuals completed the recognition task on their own. Finally, …


Probabilistic Principles In Unsupervised Learning Of Visual Structure: Human Data And A Model, Shimon Edelman, Benjamin P. Hiles, Hwajin Yang, Nathan Intrator Jan 2001

Probabilistic Principles In Unsupervised Learning Of Visual Structure: Human Data And A Model, Shimon Edelman, Benjamin P. Hiles, Hwajin Yang, Nathan Intrator

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

To find out how the representations of structured visual objects depend on the co-occurrence statistics of their constituents, we exposed subjects to a set of composite images with tight control exerted over (1) the conditional probabilities of the constituent fragments, and (2) the value of Barlow's criterion of "suspicious coincidence" (the ratio of joint probability to the product of marginals). We then compared the part verification response times for various probe/target combinations before and after the exposure. For composite probes, the speedup was much larger for targets that contained pairs of fragments perfectly predictive of each other, compared to those …