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Articles 2461 - 2490 of 2705

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Presence Of A Dog Increases Greetings: A Study In Social Intervention, Emily Dunlap, Lori Graham, April Burton, Chassity Roberts Jan 1997

The Presence Of A Dog Increases Greetings: A Study In Social Intervention, Emily Dunlap, Lori Graham, April Burton, Chassity Roberts

Modern Psychological Studies

Pet dogs served many useful purposes, especially by provoking social interaction in the lives of their owners. The purpose of this study was to show that a person accompanied by a dog received more greetings from passersby than a person without a dog. This was a field study using a female confederate, a dog, and three observers. Subjects passing in front of the confederate were recorded as a greeter or a non-greeter. Results formulated by the Chi Square showed that when the confederate was with the dog, they were greeted significantly more than when they were not accompanied by the …

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Toward A Model Relating Empathy, Charisma, And Telepathy, James M. Donovan Jan 1997

Toward A Model Relating Empathy, Charisma, And Telepathy, James M. Donovan

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Telepathy is often dismissed because it is judged to be so weird as to be counterintuitive. This article argues that telepathy may be interpreted as phenomenologically impressive events of a social psychological process which in less dramatic instances would be termed empathy and charisma. Such an equation, however, herein called the "possible world model," would perhaps normalize telepathy, and lessen the opprobrium attached to its study. A first step is taken to validate the model when a comparative literature search finds that telepathy and empathy relate very similarly to other experimental variables.

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The Effects Of Utilizing Positive Ritual Behavior In Marriage On Marital Satisfaction And Intimacy, Rita Valenti Jan 1997

The Effects Of Utilizing Positive Ritual Behavior In Marriage On Marital Satisfaction And Intimacy, Rita Valenti

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Effects Of Orientation And Meaning On Mental Rotation, Peter D. Elgin, Susan T. Davis Jan 1997

Effects Of Orientation And Meaning On Mental Rotation, Peter D. Elgin, Susan T. Davis

Modern Psychological Studies

Reading is a complex ability, for the most part, and performed automatically, especially when the visual stimulus is upright. The present study examined the contribution of mental rotation to reading; participants were timed as they read lists of consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams (CVCs) of varying orientations and meaning. An ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between orientation and meaning, F(3,126)=8.41, MSE=8238 77.99. CVCs misoriented by 180 required the longest response time in the low-meaning condition. However, in the high-meaning condition, CVCs misoriented by 270 ° required a longer response time than those misoriented by 180 o. These paradoxical results may be due to …

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The Relationship Between Parenting Style And Chilren's Anger, Aggressive Behavior, And Perception Of Intention, Patricia Bardina, Michelle Wilson Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Parenting Style And Chilren's Anger, Aggressive Behavior, And Perception Of Intention, Patricia Bardina, Michelle Wilson

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the relationship between parenting style and preschoolers' perceptions of intention, their anger, and their aggressive behavior. Each child was told eight variations of the same story and then was asked to rate the characters' intentions and anger. The parents were given the Modified PARI (Emmerich, 1969) and the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) to measure parenting style and the child's aggressive behavior. A regression analysis resulted in a significant Beta score of .41 (p<. 02) between hostility rejection parenting style and the child's perception of intention. Previous research shows a relationship between perception of intention and anger or aggressive behavior (Rotenberg, 1985; Fine, 1980); thus, the results of this study suggest that perception of intention could serve as a mediator between hostile parenting and anger or aggressive behavior.

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Sexual Harassment Perception As Influenced By A Harasser's Physical Attractiveness And Job Level, Mark E. Savery Jan 1997

Sexual Harassment Perception As Influenced By A Harasser's Physical Attractiveness And Job Level, Mark E. Savery

Modern Psychological Studies

Seventy-two women participated in a study that compared factors that influenced the perception of sexual harassment Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 66 years (M = 24.03, SD = 8.12). The variables studied were the physical attractiveness of the harasser (low or high), the job level of the harasser relative to the target (equal or superior), and the level of sexual harassment in the stories read by the participants (low or moderate). The Sexual Harassment Perception Scale (SHPS) was used to measure the perception of sexual harassment Analysis of variance indicated that physically attractive males were perceived as less harassing …

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Front Matter Jan 1997

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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A Historical Review Of Disgust, Amanda Burlington, Chad Mcdaniel, David O. Wilson Jan 1997

A Historical Review Of Disgust, Amanda Burlington, Chad Mcdaniel, David O. Wilson

Modern Psychological Studies

Although disgust was identified as a basic emotion 125 years ago (Darwin, 1965), no psychological theory has focused on disgust as a key concept. Although many prominent scientists such as Freud, Darwin, and Ma/son have addressed the topic of disgust in their research, none have focused solely on the causes and consequences of disgust. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the literature concerning disgust and to demonstrate how disgust is a meaningful concept worthy of major focus in psychological research, theories, and application.

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What Does The Client See? A Review Of Psychotherapists' Nonverbal Behavior, Iris Taber Jan 1997

What Does The Client See? A Review Of Psychotherapists' Nonverbal Behavior, Iris Taber

Modern Psychological Studies

Nonverbal communication between a psychotherapist and a mental health consumer is an extremely powerful tool in the course of psychotherapy. Clients generally assume therapists attend to their nonverbals but therapists may be unaware of the extent to which their nonverbals influence therapy. This paper examines the influence of the therapist's nonverbals on the therapeutic relationship. In research conducted by Davis & Hadiks (1994) using the Nonverbal Interaction and States Analysis (NISA), client and therapist movements were compared and rated on the same scale. These data indicated that body position patterns facilitated the development of rapport and self-disclosure in a therapy …

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Institutional Climate And Institutional Effectiveness At Three Community Colleges, Connie S. Buckner Dec 1996

Institutional Climate And Institutional Effectiveness At Three Community Colleges, Connie S. Buckner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the impact of employee morale, as manifested in institutional climate data, upon institutional effectiveness; and (2) to determine the extent to which information generated by climate survey data was used in developing and implementing change initiatives at each of the institutions studied. Three institutions were selected for this multiple site case study. Four sources of data from each institution were used to provide a "picture" of institutional climate. These sources of data were (a) the Personal Assessment of the College Environment (PACE) climate survey, (b) institutional self-study reports, (c) reaffirmation …

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The Cowboy Way: A Study Of Leadership As Portrayed In Western Film, Ralph L. Turner Aug 1996

The Cowboy Way: A Study Of Leadership As Portrayed In Western Film, Ralph L. Turner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to examine leadership through the medium of film, specifically the genre of the western. The western is iconographic; representative of the American ethos, the western embodied the "frontier myth." The purposes of this study were to examine how leadership was portrayed in a selected sample of western films dating from 1945 to 1995, and to categorize and characterize the leadership methods exhibited in each film. Qualitative in design, the study was concerned with broad description and discovery. Using observation as the data collection technique and content analysis as the research method, the study examined a sample of …

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The Use Of Prior Knowledge In Learning From Examples, Stephen B. Blessing '89 Jul 1996

The Use Of Prior Knowledge In Learning From Examples, Stephen B. Blessing '89

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the way people acquire procedures from examples, and provides a computational model of the results. In four experiments, people learned an analog of algebra. For each experiment, the initial know ledge that people had of the task was varied. In two experiments (Experiments 1 and 3), the syntactic know ledge that people had concerning the task w as manipulated. The knowledge of syntax that participants had, particularly the ability to correctly parse the character string, was found to be a major determiner in the way participants acquired the rules. Experiment 2 explicitly manipulated participant's awareness as to …

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The Experience Of Psychology Paraprofessionals: Views Of Peer Counselors And Peer Educators, Heather L. Edgel May 1996

The Experience Of Psychology Paraprofessionals: Views Of Peer Counselors And Peer Educators, Heather L. Edgel

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This study was conducted to examine the experience of students as paraprofessionals in psychology. 102 peer counselors/educators from 10 universities across America were sampled. The research data generated was descriptive in nature. Paraprofessionals rated experience satisfaction and expressed opinions regarding their involvement in peer counseling and peer educating programs.

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Understanding Latino Ethnic Identity Development: A Review Of Relevant Issues, Azara Rivera-Santiago Mar 1996

Understanding Latino Ethnic Identity Development: A Review Of Relevant Issues, Azara Rivera-Santiago

New England Journal of Public Policy

One of the most promising areas in cross-cultural psychology is the development of identity among various ethnic groups in the United States. This article has a twofold purpose. First, it offers the concept of ethnic identity as defined and studied within the social sciences — sociology, anthropology, and psychology — including a review of some of the recent work on ethnic identity development proposed by leading investigators in the field of psychology. The author discusses their generalizability across ethnic groups. Second, it presents a number of dimensions considered important in conceptualizing and studying Hispanic ethnic identity development. These include acculturation, …

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The Impact Of Acculturation On The Moral Development Of Mexican-Americans: A Cross-Cultural Study, Jaime Ponce Aguilar Jan 1996

The Impact Of Acculturation On The Moral Development Of Mexican-Americans: A Cross-Cultural Study, Jaime Ponce Aguilar

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Symbolic Interaction And An Interpretive Approach To Cross Cultural Psychiatry, Henry Dyson Jan 1996

Symbolic Interaction And An Interpretive Approach To Cross Cultural Psychiatry, Henry Dyson

Modern Psychological Studies

Adoption of the medical model of psychopathology has de-emphasized the need for psychiatry to incorporate new developments from the other social sciences. The need for an interpretive (rather than merely biological) approach to psychopathology based upon theories of symbolic interaction is argued in the present article with respect to the emerging field of cross-cultural psychiatry. Groundwork for such an approach is sketched out by application of Obeyesekere's (1981) anthropological theory of personal symbols.

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Apathy Correlates With Self-Esteem: A Study Of Personality, Orie Kristel Iv, Jen Young, Kate Ruley, Laura Seidel, Denise Krch, John Nonnemacher, David Helfand, Shawn Ogiba Jan 1996

Apathy Correlates With Self-Esteem: A Study Of Personality, Orie Kristel Iv, Jen Young, Kate Ruley, Laura Seidel, Denise Krch, John Nonnemacher, David Helfand, Shawn Ogiba

Modern Psychological Studies

To study apathy and the variables that influence it, a psychological research methods class from a small, liberal arts, northeastern college devised a 10 item questionnaire. The questionnaire included a student designed apathy scale, a Locus of Control scale, a Self-Esteem scale, and a number o f demographic questions. The hypothesis that high apathy levels would be con-elated with low self-esteem and an external locus of control was supported. The discussion argues that learned helplessness may contribute to the apathy scores and may be the "common denominator" underlying student apathy, low self- esteem, and external locus of control.

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Development Of The Prosocial Personality At Work Scale, Antonia P. Steward, Sue Falter Mennino, Barbara A. Fritzsche Jan 1996

Development Of The Prosocial Personality At Work Scale, Antonia P. Steward, Sue Falter Mennino, Barbara A. Fritzsche

Modern Psychological Studies

This study was aimed at developing a scale to measure prosocial behavior in a work-related context that may predict Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). The Prosocial Personality at Work Scale (PPWS) items were developed by adding a work-related frame-of-reference to items from the Prosocial Personality Battery (PSB; Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger, & Freifeld, 1995), a general measure of prosocial personality. In addition, some new items were generated. A sample of 55 participants completed the initial 14 item version of the PPWS. After an item analysis was performed and revisions made, a new sample of 99 participants anonymously completed three measures consisting of …

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The Social Basis Of Emotion: Affective Consequences Of Social Comparisons With Competitive And Cooperative Others, Celinda M. Reese Jan 1996

The Social Basis Of Emotion: Affective Consequences Of Social Comparisons With Competitive And Cooperative Others, Celinda M. Reese

Master's Theses

The present research explores the affective consequences of social comparisons made by cooperators and competitors. Participants (75 males, 90 females) were randomly assigned to either a cooperative or competitive condition in which they either performed better or worse than a partner. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in a particular situation and then report their emotional reaction to the scenario. Consistent with R. Lazarus' cognitive appraisal theory of emotion, participants in the cooperative condition reported anger when their partner's actions hindered goal attainment but reported joy when the partner promoted goal attainment. Consistent with T. Wills' theory of downward social …

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Front Matter Jan 1996

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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Occupational Possible Selves: Patterns Among Male And Female Undergraduates, Lori D. Lindley, Linda M. Chalk, Aimee Ellenich Jan 1996

Occupational Possible Selves: Patterns Among Male And Female Undergraduates, Lori D. Lindley, Linda M. Chalk, Aimee Ellenich

Modern Psychological Studies

This study uses the possible selves theory (Markus & Nurius, 1986) to examine the differences between 27 undergraduate men and 27 undergraduate women in their perceptions of their future occupational possibilities. Participants rated a list of feminine, masculine, and neutral jobs on how much they feared, expected, and idealized each one. Analysis was done using a within-subjects repeated measures MANOVA test and backward elimination regression analysis. Both men and women were found to fear feminine jobs more than they expected or idealized these jobs (all ps < .001). Women were found to fear masculine jobs more than they expected (p < .001) but not more than they idealized these jobs (p < .060). Occupational self-efficacy and support of the women's movement were also analyzed for their possible influence on fear of masculine jobs, using the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women's Movement Scale and the Task-Specific Scale of Occupational Self-Efficacy, but no significant predictors were found.

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Exploring Three Correlates Of Thought Suppression: Attention, Absorbtion, And Cognitive Load, Carolyn I. Vicchiullo, Dana S. Dunn Jan 1996

Exploring Three Correlates Of Thought Suppression: Attention, Absorbtion, And Cognitive Load, Carolyn I. Vicchiullo, Dana S. Dunn

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous studies evaluating the probability of successful thought suppression (attempts to rid our minds of repeated unwanted thoughts) have relied solely upon internal mental distracters (Wegner, 1989), characterizing thought suppression to be a controlled rather than an automatic process. As an alternative approach, the effects of attention actively focused on limited external stimuli were studied in order to achieve easy, effortless, and successful thought suppression. Participants included students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses. Experiment 1 showed that the presence of cognitive load (computerized tests of perceptual skills) occupied conscious capacity sufficiently so that attempts to suppress both mundane (tree) and …

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Effects Of Media-Endorsed, Thin-Ideal Body Image On Women's Self-Esteem, Anne E. Stuart Jan 1996

Effects Of Media-Endorsed, Thin-Ideal Body Image On Women's Self-Esteem, Anne E. Stuart

Modern Psychological Studies

The present study examines the effects of the media-endorsed, thin-ideal body image on women's self- and body- esteem. Participants in this study were 63 undergraduate females ages 18 to 21. Participants viewed slides of either "ideal-body" images or "neutral" images. Self- and body-esteem were evaluated using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Body Image/Attractiveness Perception Scale. Contrary to previous research in this area, no significant differences were found between participants in the two conditions. Explanations for the lack of difference are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.

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Psychology And Counseling Library Research Guide, Margaret Sylvia Jan 1996

Psychology And Counseling Library Research Guide, Margaret Sylvia

Faculty Publications

This document is a guide for library research in psychology or counseling. The first section discusses how to do research in the library, including choosing a topic, beginning with books, updating the information with journals, checking out books, interlibrary loan, visiting other libraries, and writing the paper. The second section provides sources of general information on psychology. The third section provides an annotated bibliography of additional research resources. The fourth section contains guide to the writing of psychology research papers and the fifth section contains miscellaneous resources such as those on professional training and careers, statistics, dictionaries, and biographical resources.

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Implicit And Explicit Memory In Experimentally Induced Moods, Erika Garvin-Dale Jan 1996

Implicit And Explicit Memory In Experimentally Induced Moods, Erika Garvin-Dale

Whittier Scholars Program

This experiment compares implicit and explicit memory in college students in experimentally induced moods. It was designed to eliminate the confounding of implicit-perceptual and explicit-conceptual memory tests by using conceptual implicit and explicit tests. It was hypothesized that the depressed mood group would perform as well as the neutral group on the implicit measure, but not the explicit measure. College students underwent neutral or depressive mood inductions, then participated in an incidental learning task in which they judged whether or not a word fit in a sentence. After a distractor task, the participants took either implicit or explicit category exemplar …

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Age-Related Dendritic Changes In Human Occipital And Prefrontal Cortices: A Quantitative Golgi Study, Kelly A. Courns, Bob Jacobs Jan 1996

Age-Related Dendritic Changes In Human Occipital And Prefrontal Cortices: A Quantitative Golgi Study, Kelly A. Courns, Bob Jacobs

Modern Psychological Studies

Qualitative (Scheibe!, 1992) and quantitative (Jacobs & Scheibel, 1993) research indicates a general decline in dendritic neuropil with increasing age. The present study extends previous human dendritic research by examining quantitatively age-related changes in 2 cortical areas: prefrontal cortex (area 10) and occipital cortex (area 18). Tissue blocks were obtained from the left hemisphere of 10 neurologically normal subjects, ranging in age from 23 to 81 years. Blocks were stained with a modified rapid Golgi technique. Supragranular pyramidal cells were quantified on a Neurolucida computer/microscope interface system (Microbrightfield, Inc.). Dendritic system complexity was determined by several dependent measures: total dendritic …

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Effect Of Music Speed On Latency Of A Motor Task, Margaret M. Schneider Jan 1996

Effect Of Music Speed On Latency Of A Motor Task, Margaret M. Schneider

Modern Psychological Studies

To investigate the effect of music on the latency of a motor task, 36 participants were randomly assigned to three groups: the fast music group, the slow music group, and the no music group. Participants separated 200 colored beads by color while they listened to Preludium in E major played at 208 beats per minute, Air from orchestra suite No.3 played at 58 beats per minute, or music. The latency to complete the task was measured by recording time in units o f seconds. Participants in the slow music group took significantly more time to complete the motor task (M …

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Mothers' Parenting Styles And Their Daughters' Eating Disorders, Tania D. Little, Ruth H. Lindow-Cook, Ramona E. Tolliver, Tamela L. Sise Jan 1996

Mothers' Parenting Styles And Their Daughters' Eating Disorders, Tania D. Little, Ruth H. Lindow-Cook, Ramona E. Tolliver, Tamela L. Sise

Modern Psychological Studies

Past research concerning the mother-daughter relationship and eating disorders provided compelling evidence that such a relationship exists. This study used Baumrind's three styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive (Buri, 1991; Benokraitus, 1993). Sixty female college students, ages 18 to 22, were assessed using Buri's (1991) Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and assigned to groups, either authoritative, authoritarian, or permissive, depending on their mothers' parent- ing styles. The Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ; Little, Lindow-Cook, Tolliver, & Sise, 1996) was administered to all groups. Analysis using multiple regression, R = .373, (R2 = .139), and ANOVA found significance (F [2,60] = 4.607, …

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Identification As A Motivator Of Environmentally Responsible Tourist Behaviour, Steve Sertis Jan 1996

Identification As A Motivator Of Environmentally Responsible Tourist Behaviour, Steve Sertis

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study examined the use of information in motivating environmentally responsible behaviour. In light of the ineffectiveness of traditional educational methods that have focussed upon affecting behaviour by changing attitudes through the manipulation of cognitive variables, an attempt was made to produce a sense of identification with the Rottnest Island Quokka using the tripartite model of motivational bases of attitudes developed by Hills (1993 ). This model used to determine whether different kinds of information would produce changes in environmental behaviour. Three groups of tourists were given either no information; factual information, consistent with current educational techniques used to influence …

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Affective And Cognitive Bases Of Attitudes Toward Environmental Issues, Julie A. Pooley Jan 1996

Affective And Cognitive Bases Of Attitudes Toward Environmental Issues, Julie A. Pooley

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This present study seeks to determine the bases of our attitudes toward environmental issues. Is it what we think and believe (cognition) about the environment that determines our attitudes or is it what we feel (affect) that informs us. Previous literature indicates that in some areas affect may be a better predictor of attitudes than cognition. Furthermore the environmental education literature suggests that affect may be a key entry point for environmental education Using Zanna & Rempel's (1988) attitude structure model, the present study seeks to replicate and extend the work of Eagly, Mladinic and Otto (1994) using a free …

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