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Articles 2221 - 2250 of 2705
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Deliberate Self-Harm In Clinical And Non-Clinical Populations, Jeffrey T. Counterman
Deliberate Self-Harm In Clinical And Non-Clinical Populations, Jeffrey T. Counterman
Modern Psychological Studies
Approximately 4% of the general population and 14% of college students have engaged or currently engage in deliberate self-harm. The purpose of the Literature Review is to assess similarities and differences of demographic information, gender, age, frequency, prevalence rates, methods, and reasons of self-harm in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Definitions and alternate names of self-harm were presented, common misconceptions regarding gender were discussed, and frequency and prevalence rates in clinical and non-clinical samples were compared.
Computer-Mediated Communication And Group Cohesion, Kirsten M. Barbosa
Computer-Mediated Communication And Group Cohesion, Kirsten M. Barbosa
Modern Psychological Studies
Utilizing the recent gains in technology, many work teams now communicate through computer-mediated communication (e.g., instant-messaging). As the research in this area continues to grow, one variable that has not been considered is group cohesion in "virtual" environments. To address this issue, four-member groups (N=144) completed tasks by communicating through an instant-messaging system or by meeting face-to-face. The study allowed for assessment of cohesiveness as well as group performance on a judgment task. Contrary to hypotheses, differences in group cohesion were not identified between the communication conditions. However, groups communicating through instant messaging took longer to complete the tasks and …
Marriage Length, Spousal Support, And Marital Satisfaction In Dual-Income Men And Women, Shaday A. Gallimore, Jennifer L. Hughes, Holly A. Geldhauser
Marriage Length, Spousal Support, And Marital Satisfaction In Dual-Income Men And Women, Shaday A. Gallimore, Jennifer L. Hughes, Holly A. Geldhauser
Modern Psychological Studies
The introduction of women into the workforce has led to a steady increase in the number of dual-income couples in the United States. Since dual-income married couples now comprise the majority of couples, they are especially important to study. Approximately half of marriages end in divorce, so an increased knowledge of what makes marriages work is essential. Previous studies indicate that as spousal support increases so does marital satisfaction. This study seeks to confirm the above mentioned relationship for dual-income married couples by studying 143 dual-income couples from varying demographic backgrounds. Also, we will investigate whether couples married for a …
The Importance Of Handedness For Females: Solving Visual-Spatial Problems, Elise M. Pforr
The Importance Of Handedness For Females: Solving Visual-Spatial Problems, Elise M. Pforr
Modern Psychological Studies
It is well established that men tend to perform better than women in tests of spatial ability. The magnitude of these gender differences is usually relatively modest; however tasks involving 'mental rotation' generate more substantial effects. Mental rotation tests consistently yield the largest effect sizes, of any cognitive or spatial test specifically, for sex differences in performance. Many studies investigating factors such as sociocultural, biological, ratio scoring and instructional manipulation have been conducted in an attempt to account for this difference. However, very few studies have investigated the role of handedness in visual-spatial tasks, especially, in relation to impossible (mirror …
Gender Differences In Memory Recall, April Baer, Nevelyn N. Trumpeter, Bart L. Weathington
Gender Differences In Memory Recall, April Baer, Nevelyn N. Trumpeter, Bart L. Weathington
Modern Psychological Studies
Past research suggests that males and females differ in memory associated with genderstereotyped objects. Specific findings, however, have been inconclusive with regards to the specifics of these differences. The purpose of this study was to extend this literature by evaluating gender differences in memory recall when participants are presented with stereotypically masculine items, stereotypically feminine items, and neutral items. Results found that females recalled more items overall and performed better on recalling gender neutral and female stereotyped items. No differences were found between males and females in recalling male stereotyped items. Additionally, no difference was found between males and females …
Temperament, Distraction, And Learning In Toddlerhood, Wallace E. Dixon Jr., Brenda J. Salley, Andrea D. Clements
Temperament, Distraction, And Learning In Toddlerhood, Wallace E. Dixon Jr., Brenda J. Salley, Andrea D. Clements
ETSU Faculty Works
The word- and nonword-learning abilities of toddlers were tested under various conditions of environmental distraction, and evaluated with respect to children's temperamental attentional focus. Thirty-nine children and their mothers visited the lab at child age 21-months, where children were exposed to fast-mapping word-learning trials and nonlinguistic sequential learning trials. It was found that both word- and nonword-learning were adversely affected by the presentation of environmental distractions. But it was also found that the effect of the distractions sometimes depended on children's level of attentional focus. Specifically, children high in attentional focus were less affected by environmental distractions than children low …
Medical Model Influence In Counseling And Psychotherapy: Counseling Psychology Training Directors' Views, Dallas R. Jensen
Medical Model Influence In Counseling And Psychotherapy: Counseling Psychology Training Directors' Views, Dallas R. Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
The practice of counseling and psychotherapy is influenced by a number of ideologies, models, and paradigms. Among these, the medical model's influence is particularly salient. The ideology of the medical field pervades the theory, research, and practice of psychology and its influence deserves close examination. The few studies in this area that have been conducted are descriptive and basic in nature. The present study aimed to contribute richness and depth to conversations about medical model influence. By interviewing Counseling Psychology training directors and applying a qualitative analysis, this study provided the following themes that characterize views of the medical model's …
Language Acquisition And Cognitive Development, Veronica Regueiro
Language Acquisition And Cognitive Development, Veronica Regueiro
Whittier Scholars Program
Language is one of the attributes which set human beings apart from all other creatures. Although it can be argued that some animals , such as apes, exhibit a kind of language, the “language” used by animals and the thought of animals stem from different roots and also develop along different lines. The way animals think is in no way related to their language. Animal language functions apart from animal intellect. His project focuses on the relationship between language acquisition and cognitive development. It analyzes and cohesively explains the research done in the field, and any progress made in determining …
Understanding Reported Cognitive Dysfunction In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, Ronald A. Cohen, David F.
Understanding Reported Cognitive Dysfunction In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, Ronald A. Cohen, David F.
Psychology Faculty Works
High HIV-1 DNA (HIV DNA) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlate with HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). If this relationship also exists among HAART-naïve patients, then HIV DNA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAD. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between HIV DNA and cognition in subjects naïve to HAART in a neuro AIDS cohort in Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects with and without HAD were recruited and matched for age, gender, education, and CD4 cell count. PBMC and cellular subsets were analyzed for HIV DNA using real-time PCR. The median …
Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Emergence, Gilma Yannet Anderson
Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Emergence, Gilma Yannet Anderson
Theses Digitization Project
The study looked at how emotional intelligence helps leaders meet the needs of their team. In order to be successful, teams need to exist in an environment that is burn-out preventative and fosters creativity. It was hypothesized that leaders would help meet these needs by creating an unthreatening work environment. Data was gathered from 391 individuals working in existing self-managed work teams in private and public sectors. The hypothesized model was tested using a multilevel analysis approach of structural equation modeling. Results indicated that a leader's emotional intelligence predicts a non-threatening work environment for both between and within teams, thus …
The Effects Of Participative Safety And Support For Innovation On Group Creativity, Toshio Murase
The Effects Of Participative Safety And Support For Innovation On Group Creativity, Toshio Murase
Theses Digitization Project
This study examined the effects of Participative Safety (PS) and Support for Innovation (SI) on team creativity. It has been proposed that PS helps develop teamwork processes where members feel comfortable expressing and exchanging their ideas freely and SI makes a team perceive that creativity is valued. The study hypothesized that groups trained on PS score higher on creativity, feel less anxiety, have more cohesiveness, and have higher satisfaction than groups without PS training. The study also hypothesized that groups in the SI condition score higher on originality than groups in the non-SI condition. These climate conditions were created by …
How Do We Know What We Know? The Promise And Problem Of Psychology's Epistemologies And Attempts At Faith/Science Integration, Laird R.O. Edman
How Do We Know What We Know? The Promise And Problem Of Psychology's Epistemologies And Attempts At Faith/Science Integration, Laird R.O. Edman
Faculty Tenure Papers
No abstract provided.
Experimental Control Of Nodality Via Equal Presentations Of Conditional Discriminations In Different Equivalence Protocols Under Speed And No Speed Conditions, Abdulrazaq Imam
Psychology
A within-participant comparison of simple-to-complex, complex-to-simple, and simultaneous protocols was conducted establishing different sets of three 7-member equivalence classes for 4 undergraduate students. The protocols were implemented under either accuracy-only or accuracy-plus-speed conditions while keeping number of presentations of training and testing trials equal. The results partially support previous reports of differential effects on acquisition, with participants completing more blocks in training under the simultaneous than the complex-to-simple and the simple-to-complex protocols. Across the protocols, however, the number of trials completed to criterion did not vary systematically. More important, response speed and accuracy did not decrease as a function of …
Hiv Dna And Dementia In Treatment-Naive Hiv-1-Infected Individuals In Bangkok, Thailand, Robert H. Paul, Bruce Shiramizu, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan
Hiv Dna And Dementia In Treatment-Naive Hiv-1-Infected Individuals In Bangkok, Thailand, Robert H. Paul, Bruce Shiramizu, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan
Psychology Faculty Works
High HIV-1 DNA (HIV DNA) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlate with HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). If this relationship also exists among HAART-naïve patients, then HIV DNA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAD. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between HIV DNA and cognition in subjects naïve to HAART in a neuro AIDS cohort in Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects with and without HAD were recruited and matched for age, gender, education, and CD4 cell count. PBMC and cellular subsets were analyzed for HIV DNA using real-time PCR. The median …
Effects Of Transcendental Medication On Blood Pressure, Joanna C. Bovee
Effects Of Transcendental Medication On Blood Pressure, Joanna C. Bovee
Modern Psychological Studies
Many prevention and treatments methods exist for hypertension, but not all are effective or easy to incorporate into one's life. Stress-reduction methods, including Transcendental Meditation (TM), has been suggested as such a method, but have received inconsistent reviews about its effect on blood pressure. This literature review of twelve clinical studies concludes patients who practice TM can significantly reduce blood pressure. The technique was found to be effective for groups at high risk for hypertension, such as African-Americans, as well as low-risk groups. TM also appears to be more effective than progressive muscle relaxation, another popular stress-management technique. TM should …
An Investigation Into The Effects Of Social Network Strength And Stress Level On Cardiovascular Responses In Colleges Students, Amy R. Levitt
An Investigation Into The Effects Of Social Network Strength And Stress Level On Cardiovascular Responses In Colleges Students, Amy R. Levitt
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study investigated the effects of strength of social network on physiological stress during a cognitive task. Participants were randomly assigned to a timed or untimed word search task. The dependent variables were heart rate and participants' perceptions of the difficulty of their word search task. Participants in the high stress condition reported performing significantly worse on the word search task than those in the low stress condition. Participants perceived the task to be less difficult when in the high social network group as compared to the low social network group. While there were no significant findings for the …
How Children's Programs At Churches Promote Resilience And How They Can Be Enhanced, Dawn Blanton
How Children's Programs At Churches Promote Resilience And How They Can Be Enhanced, Dawn Blanton
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Sunday School teachers, their students, administrators and clergy in three Protestant churches were interviewed to discover the degree to which the cognitive, emotional, and material aspects which promote resilience in youths (Laursen & Birmingham, 2003) were incorporated into their programs. The results suggested that churches do possess attributes that promote healthy cognitive and emotional development in children. In addition, every church provided for the material needs of the children in their church and community. Thus, churches are important community resources for at-risk children that can help promote resiliency. Recommendations are made for improvement of the programs. More generally, a model …
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Health Promoting Behaviors, Illness Severity, Mental Health, And Perceived Quality Of Life In Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Anna Finn
Modern Psychological Studies
Multiple sclerosis is an incurable, debilitating, nervous system disease, which causes are largely unknown, and which affects hundreds of thousands of people across the United States. Early research suggests the impact that psychological factors can have on a patient's physical and mental health status. Self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to cope with a situation, has been found to offer beneficial and protective effects in patients suffering from conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, and fibromylagia. This comprehensive literature review sought to look at psychological research that has considered the relationship between self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors, symptom …
Age-Related Expectations Of Child Witness Credibility, Meredith Allison, R. C. L. Lindsay
Age-Related Expectations Of Child Witness Credibility, Meredith Allison, R. C. L. Lindsay
Modern Psychological Studies
Age-related expectations of credibility were examined in a child witness study. The within-subjects factors were witness age (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 years) and type of credibility rating (honesty vs. cognitive ability). The between subjects factors were type of assault (physical vs. sexual), role of witness (victim vs. bystander), and participant gender. Men (n = 31) and women (n = 61) from a first-year psychology course read vignettes describing a crime (adapted from Nightingale, 1993) and rated the witness' cognitive ability and honesty at each age (adapted from Ross, Lindsay, & Marsil, 1996). The results indicated that the witness was …
Perceptions Of Job Satisfaction Of K-8 Superintendents In (Dfg I & J) Bergen County, New Jersey Public School Districts, C. Lauren Schoen
Perceptions Of Job Satisfaction Of K-8 Superintendents In (Dfg I & J) Bergen County, New Jersey Public School Districts, C. Lauren Schoen
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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A Phenomenological Exploration Of Intermarriages Between Men Of European/U.S./Australian Heritage And Batswana Women Of African Heritage, Nomagugu Sethlhare-Oagile
A Phenomenological Exploration Of Intermarriages Between Men Of European/U.S./Australian Heritage And Batswana Women Of African Heritage, Nomagugu Sethlhare-Oagile
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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The Developmental Trajectory Of Male Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alicia L. Poleshuk
The Developmental Trajectory Of Male Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alicia L. Poleshuk
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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The Relationship Between Parenting Stress And Family Cohesion In Non-Abusing Parents Of Sexually Traumatized Children, Danielle Marie Bronk
The Relationship Between Parenting Stress And Family Cohesion In Non-Abusing Parents Of Sexually Traumatized Children, Danielle Marie Bronk
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Psychology, in a general sense, is age-old, extending back across all cultures to the beginnings of recorded time. The healing arts of ancient doctors and the conceptual musings of ancient sages often pointed toward factors that would be considered psychological today. Nevertheless, psychology in its specifically modern sense dates from the second half of the nineteenth century, when a self-consciously scientific, academic, professional discipline took shape in Europe and North America. This multiplex discipline grew and flourished in particular in the United States, where more than forty experimental laboratories, associated programs of research and study, and institutionalized means of communication, …
A Study Of Perceived Job Satisfaction Among Middle School And High School Principals In Specific Dfg Groupings In Hunterdon And Somerset Counties In New Jersey, Beth A. Bournias
A Study Of Perceived Job Satisfaction Among Middle School And High School Principals In Specific Dfg Groupings In Hunterdon And Somerset Counties In New Jersey, Beth A. Bournias
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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The Missing Person In The Conversation: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., And The Dialogical Self, David E. Leary
The Missing Person In The Conversation: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., And The Dialogical Self, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Wiley (2006) has argued for a relationship between pragmatism and the dialogical self, noting that both are rooted in the thought of William James and Charles S. Peirce. This commentary delves into the possible connection between James’s and Peirce’s ideas as well as the probable influence of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., on the development of dialogical conceptions of the self.
The Emergence Of The Social Brain Network: Evidence From Typical And Atypical Development, Mark H. Johnson, Richard Griffin, Gergely Csibra, Hanife Halit, Teresa Farroni, Michelle Dehaan, Leslie A. Tucker, Simon Baron-Cohen, John E. Richards
The Emergence Of The Social Brain Network: Evidence From Typical And Atypical Development, Mark H. Johnson, Richard Griffin, Gergely Csibra, Hanife Halit, Teresa Farroni, Michelle Dehaan, Leslie A. Tucker, Simon Baron-Cohen, John E. Richards
Faculty Publications
Several research groups have identified a network of regions of the adult cortex that are activated during social perception and cognition tasks. In this paper we focus on the development of components of this social brain network during early childhood and test aspects of a particular viewpoint on human functional brain development: “interactive specialization.” Specifically, we apply new data analysis techniques to a previously published data set of event-related potential ~ERP! studies involving 3-, 4-, and 12-month-old infants viewing faces of different orientation and direction of eye gaze. Using source separation and localization methods, several likely generators of scalp recorded …
The Effects Of Ethnicity, Gender, And Urgency Of A Message On Prosocial Behavior, Orlando Rodriguez
The Effects Of Ethnicity, Gender, And Urgency Of A Message On Prosocial Behavior, Orlando Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA
A study by Christensen et al. (1998) looked at prosocial behavior toward strangers via responses to wrong-number messages on a telephone answering machine and found a higher than anticipated prosocial response. However, additional research was required in order to determine whether or not manipulation of gender and ethnicity would have produced different results. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of gender (male or female) of the caller, ethnicity (white-non Hispanic or Mexican American) of the caller, and urgency ("low," "medium," "high," & "high with prod") of a message on telephone helping behavior. One hundred …