Psychology Commons^™

Undergraduate Session I: Presentation 4 - Social Media: A Danger To Adolescent Mental Health, Georgia L. Mccullough

Life of the Scholar Multidisciplinary Conference

A review of research done on how social media dangers the mental health of adolescents and may influence the development of low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and suicide.

Undergraduate Session I: Presentation 2 - The Effects Of Underdiagnosing Dissociative Disorder, Talia Loftin

Life of the Scholar Multidisciplinary Conference

Discussing the difference between schizophrenia and D.I.D. How similarities effect psychiatrist diagnoses and how wrongful diagnoses can harm the client due to ineffective treatment.

Undergraduate Session I: Presentation 1 - Psychedelic Medicine, Nathaniel Qualls

Life of the Scholar Multidisciplinary Conference

My presentation will explain the different medicinal properties and uses of several psychedelic substances.

Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics And Karl Popper’S Three Worlds, Changpu Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Base on the view of material monism, this paper explains how quantum mechanics describes the objectivity of the microscopic world. It points out that the challenge posed by the Copenhagen interpretation to the fundamental problem of philosophy is not essential, due to its adoption of the wave-packet collapse hypothesis which is non-unique to implement repeatable measurement. Therefore, the conclusion that matter and consciousness are inseparable is not rigorous either from scientific or from philosophical perspective. With regard to Karl Popper's philosophy of "three worlds", our quantum theory of measurement describes how the multiple observers probe into the micro system to …

Parallel Philosophy: Origin And Goal Of Intelligent Industries And Smart Economics, Fei-Yue Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

What are the nature and goal of Intelligent Technology? What are the origin and mission of Intelligent Science? What are the impact and significance of Intelligent Industries to our societies and the future development of Human Being? Starting from the topic of AlphaGo, based on Karl Popper's Three Worlds theory, this article addresses the above questions and discussed the beginning and trend of Artificial Intelligence and Parallel Intelligence. It then proposes Parallel Philosophy as the new philosophy system for Intelligent Science and Intelligent Technology, which extends the scope of traditional philosophy from Being, Becoming to Believing, and the corresponding Knowledge …

Cultivation Of Philosophy: 30-Year Mugwort For China To Build Itself Into World Power Of Science And Technology, Yuehong Zhang, Fang Jiang, Dengwei Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China more than 70 years ago, China's science and technology development has gained great achievements. However, some deep-rooted problems still pose serious impediments for China to build itself into a world power of science and technology in the next 30 years. It is a must for us to explore the root causes of these problems and find the solution. Through the analysis of the historical context of the "Needham Puzzle" and "Qian Xuesen's Question", as well as the philosophical origin of the bottleneck of China's science and technology development, this study proposed …

Motivational Interviewing Use By Personal Trainers To Promote Behavioral Change, Marzell Gray, Jade Hipp

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 5, 2021. This study evaluated one method of behavioral change to promote a healthier way of life. Designed to provide basic motivational interviewing (MI) knowledge and skills to certified personal fitness trainers, the study looked to improve coaching skills to aid in client’s ability to adapt to healthier behaviors. As outlined in a study by Kelley et al., (2016), MI is used as a client-centered approach that includes several core principles to express empathy, support the client’s self-efficacy, roll with resistance, and develop discrepancy.

A Lion’S Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self-Representations, And Emotional Distress In The Life And Character Of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu, Golan Shahar, Raz Bauminger, Shai Itamar

Heroism Science

The realization that heroism – representing either a trait or a value system – is potentially pernicious is important for both scientific and societal reasons. In this article, we adopt a psychobiographical perspective to analyze the character and life of one of Israel’s greatest heroes, Yonathan (“Yoni”) Netanyahu. Yoni was an illustrious military leader, as well as an outstanding intellectual and adored persona. He served as the commander of the special operation forces spearheading the famous Entebbe Operation during which Israeli commando forces rescued hostages taken captive in Uganda. Yoni was the only military causality in this operation, which was …

Narrative Experiences Of Fathers Of Children With Down Syndrome, Corey Rose

Educational Studies Dissertations

This dissertation explores the narrative experiences of fathers raising children born with Down syndrome. The study joins a recent stratum of research on parents of children with Down syndrome which is grounded in critical disability theory, adheres to a social model of disabilities, and adopts narrative methodology, but which thus far has not investigated fathers’ experiences. 22 fathers, recruited by means of snowball sampling, participated in a two-question, semi-structured interview with a follow-up conversation. Findings from question one indicated that, in the initial moment of diagnosis, fathers experienced adverse encounters with medical personnel, intense negative emotions about the diagnosis, distressing …

The Science Of Scale For Violence Prevention: A New Agenda For Family Strengthening In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Yulia Shenderovich, Jamie M. Lachman, Catherine L. Ward, Inge Wessels, Frances Gardner, Mark Tomlinson, Daniel Oliver, Roselinde Janowski, Mackenzie Martin, Kufre Okop, Hlengiwe Sacolo-Gwebu, Lindokuhle L. Ngcobo, Zuyi Fang, Liane Peña Alampay, Adriana Baban, Ana A. Baumann, Regina Benevides De Barros, Samuel Bojo, Alexander Butchart, Wilmi Dippenaar, Amon Exavery, Xiangming Fang, Ida Ferdinandi, Heather M. Foran, Nina Heinrichs, Judy Hutchings, Daisy Kisyombe, Greta Massetti, Jaromir Mazak, Henry Mbuyi, Pratibha Singh, Kenneth Polsky, Sabine Rakotomalala, Marija Raleva, Richard Savo, Lucie Cluver

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

Ending all violence against children by 2030 is a core part of Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16. A number of promising violence reduction strategies have been identified in research studies. However, we lack an understanding of the implementation and impact of these programs in respect to their delivery at a large scale or within existing service systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We advocate for greater collaboration between researchers, policymakers, donors, governments, non-governmental organizations, and program managers and staff to study how violence prevention programs operate on a large scale. We describe a new initiative aiming to …

Is Thinness Truly Next To Godliness?: Examining Moral Judgements Against Women With Larger Bodies In A Latter-Day Saint Population, Sydney Rasmussen

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Weight stigma exists in many ways within our society, though how exactly it manifests in a religious context has not been well-researched. This study investigates the relationship between female body size and perceived morality among college-age Latter-day Saints. 260 Latter-day Saint BYU students between the ages of 18 and 30 were randomly assigned one of two surveys: one featuring the image of a larger-bodied woman and the other featuring the image of a smaller-bodied woman—both being similar in complexion and dress. The survey asked participants various questions regarding their assigned woman’s moral character, with items adapted from the Ethical Behavior …

The Influence Of Maternal Body-Shaming Comments And Bodily Shame On Portion Size, Savannah R. Flak

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Young adult women are more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies (Wansink et al., 2017) and engage in disordered eating patterns when they have a history of receiving parental comments about their bodies during childhood (Fortesa & Ajete, 2014). Furthermore, high bodily shame mediates the relationship between receiving critical messages about eating from parents during childhood and disordered eating behaviors for young adult women (Oliveira et al., 2019). Altogether, this suggests that bodily shame is a distinct pathway linking parental influence during adolescence to eating disturbances. However, little research has examined the unique roles that bodily shame, internalized weight …

“Just Joking”: Women’S Cardiovascular Responses To Sexist Humor, Samantha Shepard

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The ambiguity inherent to humorous communication may make women minimize experiences of sexist jokes, which may have downstream emotional and motivational consequences. The present thesis study tested whether the manner in which sexism is communicated, as a statement or joke, would reflect the motivational intensity model in cardiovascular responses during a performance-based task. Additionally, the present studies tested whether blatant and humorous sexism differentially affects emotional responses, evaluations of a male speaker, reporting of sexist misconduct, and ingroup identification. Using an online chat paradigm, participants were randomly assigned to receive one of three messages: a sexist joke, blatantly sexist statement, …

Creatine And Cognitive Functioning: What Is The Role Of Exercise Frequency?, Jonathan B. Banks, Jose Antonio, Amanda S. Holtzman, Mykola Marang, Catherine Weber, Alexsandra Alvarez-Beaton, Aysha Patel, Jaime Tartar

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Creatine consumption appears to have a positive impact on cognitive function in different populations but the effects of creatine in a young, healthy population are mixed. Additionally, exercise appears to benefit cognitive processes in young and older adults. The present study explored the ways in which exercise frequency may moderate the effect of creatine consumption on working memory, sustained attention, mind wandering, and speed of processing, in a young, healthy, adult population. Forty-two individuals were randomly assigned to a creatine condition (n = 20) or a control condition (n = 22). For each session, participants completed the Symmetry …

Teams In Small Organizations: Conceptual, Methodological, And Practical Considerations, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Victoria Kennel, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Research on teams and teamwork has flourished in the last few decades. Much of what we know about teams and teamwork comes from research using short-term student teams in the lab, teams in larger organizations, and, more recently, teams in rather unique and extreme environments. The context in which teams operate influences team composition, processes, and effectiveness. Small organizations are an understudied and often overlooked context that presents a rich opportunity to augment our understanding of teams and team dynamics. In this paper, we discuss how teams and multi-team systems in small organizations may differ from those found in larger …

Ethical And Equitable Psychological Assessment Of Black Youth In Chicago Public Schools: A Coaching Model For Cps School Psychologists, Haley Biddanda

School of Education Capstone Projects

This capstone seeks to examine multiple factors that affect Black youth in Chicago Public Schools (CPS) during the psychological evaluation process, and subsequently develops a coaching model for CPS school psychologists to provide more ethical and equitable psychological evaluations for Black youth. An analysis of the system of CPS finds that Black students are more likely to receive special education services and be placed within restrictive settings in special education than their white peers. Despite this, CPS school psychologists receive no training specific to evaluating or working with Black youth. A review of the literature reveals that there are multiple …

Assessing Prompting And Prompt-Fading Strategies In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ashley L. Frankenfield

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social and communication skills. In order to help a person with ASD improve their communication skills, behavior analysts should place emphasis on teaching intraverbal skills. Each person has a unique learner history, meaning that different prompts and prompt-fading techniques will result in the most accurate and efficient mastery of intraverbal skills for different people. Assessments were used to identify each participant’s most efficient combination of prompt and prompt-fading procedures in order to maximize one’s potential for learning new skills. Participants’ most efficient prompt/prompt-fading combinations resulted in …

Neurocognitive Interactions Between Anticipatory Anxiety And Memory Encoding, Felicia M. Chaisson

LSU Master's Theses

Although acute anxiety has been shown to improve encoding of threat-relevant information, its effects on threat-neutral information are less understood. Recent research suggests that anxiety can impair subsequent recall for neutral words, particularly following practice with the recall task. Here we use event-related potentials (ERPs) to test the notion that anxiety specifically disrupts the implementation of encoding strategies—such as elaborative encoding—that tend to develop with practice. ERPs were recorded as participants studied two sets of neutral words, one of which was presented in a stressful context using the threat-of-shock paradigm (threat block), and the other in a non-threatening context (safe …

Center-Based Pbis: Improving Behavior To Increase Matriculation To Lre, Kathryn Parker

School of Education Capstone Projects

Kathryn E. Parker

Loyola University Chicago

CENTER-BASED PBIS: IMPROVING BEHAVIOR

TO INCREASE MATRICULATION TO LRE

Across the nation, students with emotional and behavioral disabilities are disproportionately educated in restrictive environments, wherein many students are likely to remain for the duration of their educational careers. The low matriculation rates back to the least restrictive environments is often an issue of inequitable or deficient systems and practices. This paper examines the root causes of a low matriculation rate at two Partnership Schools in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Following the root cause analyses, a problem of practice is identified, along …

Cultural Identity And Mental Health Awareness, Natalie Cruz

Student Theses and Dissertations

Social functioning is intertwined with one’s culture (Abdullah & Brown, 2011). Culture is broadly defined as the individual’s perception of the complexity of norms and rituals shared by a group of people. As Phinney (1992) has long noted, it is apparent that cultural factors can have a great influence on our identities and how we perceive the world around us. In Phinney’s opinion, this is especially true for sensitive topics such as mental health or mental illness. But could we fully understand what the cultural risk factors are that would predispose people toward biased views of mental health and mental …

Predictors Of Separation Anxiety In Dogs, Mckenna Yohe

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Understanding the potential causes and risk factors associated with separation anxiety in dogs is necessary to provide insight for possible prevention measures and to maintain the health and well-being of the animals affected by this condition. While a considerable amount of research has been done on this subject, it is still unclear what specific characteristics of dogs and their owners relate to the occurrence of separation anxiety and related behaviors. This study aimed to reexamine several dog and owner characteristics that have previously been evaluated in relation to the incidence of separation anxiety, as well as investigate how the frequency …

Fear Of Covid-19 And Depression: Mediating Role Of Anxiety And Stress Among University Students, Noreena Kausar, Amna Ishaq, Hafsa Qurban, Hafiz Abdur Rashid

Journal of Bioresource Management

Fear of CIVID-19 and psychological health issues are most common in general population, health professionals and students after emerging the COVID-19 infection. The literature review elaborated the correlation among fear of COVID-19, stress, depression and anxiety among students at different levels.The current study was conducted with two objectives. First aim was to assess the relationships among fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety and depression among university students. The second objective was to measure the mediating role of anxiety and stress between the relationship of fear of COVID-19 and depression.Total 500 Government and private university students were selected through convenient sampling technique …

A Person-Centered Care Model’S Effectiveness For Older Adults With Dementia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Karen Goeschel

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

I evaluated the effectiveness of person-centered care interventions for older adults with dementia. Quality of life and agitation levels were used as primary outcomes for the effectiveness of the intervention. Electronic databases were searched for studies which satisfied the inclusion principles and did not satisfy exclusion principles. Cluster-randomized trials and non-randomized control trials which compared person-centered care approaches to usual care were included. I performed two random-effects meta-analyses. Six studies with 1,384 patients were included. For older adults with dementia, person-centered care had no significant impact on quality-of-life improvement (SMD = -0.116, p = 0.206) or agitation reduction (SMD = …

Surrogacy Among Filipinos Who Have Struggled With Infertility: A Discourse Analysis, Gabrielle Marie A. Liamzon, Andrea Mari P. Santos, Marie Ashley G. Tamayo, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

Surrogacy continues to be practiced to address infertility in the Philippines; however, discussions on the method are sparse, given its limited accessibility and morally questionable procedures that may concern potential parents in a developing country. Using discourse analysis, the researchers interviewed ten (10) Filipino Roman Catholics who were struggling with infertility, to uncover how they construct the idea of surrogacy. The study shows the discourses on surrogacy are often approached in a detached manner, where potential parents describe the method as a last choice or one that is never considered. They articulate this position by highlighting the emotional factors surrogacy …

Strategies For Change: Behavior Change Using Self Talk, Kaitlyn Chamberlain

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Speaker shares how self-talk can help improve our ability to meet our goals.

Leadership Crisis Communication During The Pandemic Of 2020, Daryl Watkins, Steven Walker

Publications

COVID-19 provided a unique opportunity to examine leadership communication strategies during an extended crisis. The authors used political discourse analysis to review the crisis communication of President Donald Trump and seven U.S. governors using the U.S. Center for Disease Control crisis communication framework. The findings demonstrated that U.S. governors typically used effective communication strategies during their press briefings. President Trump often did not use effective crisis communication. The governors’ crisis communication styles were consistent with the CDC’s guidelines. The governors’ communication styles demonstrate that they are “in the arena,” while President Trump has attempted to remove himself from the arena.

Returning To Rejection: Outcomes And Boundary Conditions Of Mental Illness Stereotypes, Stefanie Fox

Dissertations and Theses

Mental illness is a common condition in the United States, with over 20% of working age adults managing a mental illness condition in a given year. Disclosure of mental illness is often required for workers to take advantage of employer-provided resources (e.g., accommodations), yet use of resources is exceedingly low (less than 10%). Negative stigma-related outcomes are a top reason for which individuals delay the use of resources. Using an experimental design in an online data collection of 242 participants over two time points, the current study builds on existing organizational diversity literature to examine the stereotypes associated with mental …

The Dark Triad And Impulsivity: Predictors And Correlates Of Workplace Representative Task Problem Solving And Decision Making, Peter Kendall Glazer Jr.

Dissertations and Theses

This research investigated group and individual differences in decision-making and problem-solving on workplace representative tasks, and whether certain personality traits correlated with or were predictors of participant strategy. In parallel studies done online (N = 214) and in-person (N = 80) with Portland State University undergraduate School of Business students, performance was measured on two workplace representative tasks under two different difficulty conditions. The Number Place experiment resulted in two major findings: First, when given a comparatively easy task, women had more Time Remaining than men. However, this was moderated by the difficulty condition, such that men had more Time …

Pornography: Social, Emotional And Mental Implications Among Adolescents, William Kelly Canady

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

This presentation will explain the historical development of pornography. It will highlight four segments: 1- Porn’s impact on brain development of reward pathways, ultimately increasing the appetite for more porn. 2- Porn can be a false substitute for real intimacy, resulting in decreased sexual satisfaction with a real person and increased verbal and physical aggression. 3- Porn promotes sex trafficking, promotes multiple sex partners and reduced STD prevention. 4- A review of interventions available to assist clients in navigating a lifestyle away from pornography.

Organizational Cynicism, Dana Hollinshead, Megan Paul

Umbrella Summaries

What is organizational cynicism?

Organizational cynicism is defined as “a negative attitude toward one's employing organization, comprising three dimensions: (1) a belief that the organization lacks integrity; (2) negative affect toward the organization; and (3) tendencies to disparaging and critical behaviors toward the organization that are consistent with these beliefs and affect” (Dean et al., 1998, p. 345). Measures of organizational cynicism include statements such as “I’ve pretty much given up trying to make suggestions for improvements around here” (Tesluk et al., 1990, p. 283) and “I believe that [the organization] says one thing and does another” (Brandes et al., …