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2021

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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 3984

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Incorporating Religion Into Therapy To Better Treat Depression, Jacob Tubbs May 2021

Incorporating Religion Into Therapy To Better Treat Depression, Jacob Tubbs

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment option for depression. Often, CBT is only effective at masking the symptoms of depression without helping the person overcome depression altogether; thus, it may benefit CBT patients if alternative therapies are combined with CBT. Incorporating the patient’s religion into therapy is an alternative that may help many people. A large percentage of Americans are still religious or spiritual. This literature review discusses methods of building a personalized version of CBT that incorporates the patient’s religion, or religiously integrated CBT (RCBT), and the effects …

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Judicious Vulnerability: How Humility, Teachability, And Awareness Impact Teams In Organizational Settings, Mac Strachan May 2021

Judicious Vulnerability: How Humility, Teachability, And Awareness Impact Teams In Organizational Settings, Mac Strachan

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

In some professions, such as medicine, law enforcement, athletics, and education, maintaining high performance standards while being emotionally stoic often leads to work fatigue and burnout. This state of being can be detrimental to the health of both the professionals and the organization that employs them, bringing into question the necessity of a culture driven by competition and ego. As such, this paper explores the concept of vulnerability as a means to explain cognitive and emotional processes that positively affect relational behavior and organizational culture. Judicious vulnerability sits at the intersection of humility, teachability, and awareness and has the capacity …

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Birth Order: Shaping Lives One Sibling At A Time, Savannah Sarvey May 2021

Birth Order: Shaping Lives One Sibling At A Time, Savannah Sarvey

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Personality development, and even intelligence, is influenced by family members once a child is brought into the world. The family, especially the siblings, has a notable impact on the child’s development. Siblings provide the first social interactions children have, both positive and negative. Siblings affect the personality and intellectual development of individuals via differences in family responsibilities and changes that arise in the home environment as more children are added to the household. Older siblings will likely have stronger leadership skills because of these responsibilities, and younger children may not receive as many benefits in intellectual abilities because of these …

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Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: A Threat To University Students’ Success, Kelsie J. Richards May 2021

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: A Threat To University Students’ Success, Kelsie J. Richards

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) can lead to increased rates of dropout among university students. Perfectionistic expectations can create chronic stress and various negative emotions, which can lead to mental health problems. In addition, students with SPP may feel a strong obligation to pursue higher education and may therefore be less intrinsically motivated to learn, placing more importance on obtaining high grades than on learning. Unfortunately, this prioritization of grades over learning may also increase the risk of cheating among these students. Procrastination of homework and avoidance of situations that can expose their imperfections to others may impact these students’ performance …

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Put The Score On The Back Burner: Coach–Athlete Relationships And Anxiety, Tiffany Peterson May 2021

Put The Score On The Back Burner: Coach–Athlete Relationships And Anxiety, Tiffany Peterson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Anxiety is a very prevalent mental disorder among adolescents and can be unfavorable to their developing mental, cognitive, and social health. Although it comes in many forms, social anxiety disorder, which can affect peer relations, academic success, and sport performance, can be especially difficult during teenage years. More specifically, high school sports provide many situations and stressors that can trigger social anxiety. Some major aspects of high school sports that can trigger social anxiety are working with teammates and learning from coaches. This review seeks to provide a better understanding of the effect that the coach–athlete relationship has on anxiety …

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Helping Babies: The Mental And Physical Effects Of Massage Therapy On Preterm Infants, Sadie Johnson May 2021

Helping Babies: The Mental And Physical Effects Of Massage Therapy On Preterm Infants, Sadie Johnson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The purpose of this paper is to address and review the literature regarding the effects of massage therapy on preterm infants. Each of the studies done focused on infants aged 0–12 months. The literature specifically looks at irritability states, stress, analgesia, weight-gain, sleep-wake cycles, cognition, and gastrointestinal function. In accordance with the studies reviewed in this article, I deduce that massage therapy can be used with preterm infants to reduce irritability and stress, increase weight-gain, support greater rest, facilitate short-term cognitive improvement, and create a greater improvement in gastrointestinal function. Massage therapy can also reduce pain in infants who have …

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Anxiety Disorders: A Review Of Neurobiological Structures, Neurocognitive Expressions, And Treatment Options, Lucy A. Jessee May 2021

Anxiety Disorders: A Review Of Neurobiological Structures, Neurocognitive Expressions, And Treatment Options, Lucy A. Jessee

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

There are many types of anxiety disorders, all of which are most recognizable by their display of excessive fear or worry. In order to fully recognize and treat anxiety disorders, individuals must understand the neurobiological causes and neurocognitive expressions of the disorder. This review examines 16 studies on the neurobiology, cognitive symptoms, and treatment options for anxiety disorders. This revealed that the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, visual cortex, and superior temporal gyrus play a substantial role in anxiety disorders. These biological substrates are then linked to common cognitive symptoms of anxiety disorders, including executive function deficits. Finally, both neuropharmacological therapy and …

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Efficacy Of Narrative Exposure Therapy Among Refugees With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jarom J. R. Hickenlooper May 2021

Efficacy Of Narrative Exposure Therapy Among Refugees With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jarom J. R. Hickenlooper

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among refugee and asylum-seeker populations. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) has been effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in multiple trials. The present review analyzed 19 studies from the PsychInfo database, in which NET was utilized for exclusively refugee or asylum-seeker populations in locations of resettlement. Studies demonstrated effectiveness in reducing PTSD symptoms. In most studies, NET was more effective than other mental health treatments. Results indicated moderate to insignificant symptom reduction in other measures as well, including measures of depression. Discussions in each of the studies were examined for common themes regarding efficacy. Implications for …

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Assessing The Health Effects Of Police Violence On Black Communities In America: A Literature Review, Darian Hannig May 2021

Assessing The Health Effects Of Police Violence On Black Communities In America: A Literature Review, Darian Hannig

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Police-related mortality rates are disproportionately higher among Black populations than among any other racial group in the United States. While official data on non-fatal encounters with police is lacking, current evidence suggests these encounters are more common among Black individuals and often result in signs of immediate psychological and physical damage, as well as triggering long-lasting physiological stress responses and psychological trauma among these individuals and their communities. The aim of this literature review is to assess if police interactions are associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes among Black Americans. Using scholarly electronic databases, 13 articles were analyzed …

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Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter May 2021

Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Darwin offered an evolutionary perspective on the origins of human morality, suggesting that humans share a biological foundation with nonhuman primates. This paper reviews the current literature on moral and prosocial behaviors of nonhuman primates, specifically examining whether nonhuman primates exhibit behaviors that are typical of empathy and fairness. The literature documents that nonhuman primates exhibit empathetic behaviors regarding emotional contagion and sympathetic concern. There is also evidence that nonhuman primates have a sense of fairness, seen in their reciprocal behaviors and aversion to inequity. Taken together, this suggests that there are evolutionary roots of morality, lending empirical support to …

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Guilt By Obesity: A Closer Look At Obesity Stigmas, Loriana Goulding May 2021

Guilt By Obesity: A Closer Look At Obesity Stigmas, Loriana Goulding

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Obesity stigmas have led to an increased interest in the body-positivity movement in recent years. However, despite the decreasing discrimination and shaming of the obese, many people still consciously and unconsciously adhere to obesity stigmas and myths. These false beliefs are harmful not only to obese individuals but also to society, given that over 1/3 of the U.S. adult population is now obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). These stigmas can be especially harmful to obese individuals who are victims of wrongdoings and to obese individuals who are accused of a wrongdoing (Yamawaki, Riley, Rasmussen, & Cook, 2018). …

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The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson May 2021

The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The constantly increasing use of drugs and alcohol in young adults has created great controversy in the medical community on the long-term effects of these substances. The average brain development of adolescence and young adults is not complete until the age of 25, though drug and alcohol intake occur across the United States at younger ages each year. Impulsive behavior and underdeveloped neural pathways create a strong pull for addiction formulations and the development of severe mental-health problems. This paper reviews the positive and negative effects of illicit drugs and alcohol intake and their comorbidity with mental health disorders. There …

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Specific Challenges Faced By Females With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brad W. Davis May 2021

Specific Challenges Faced By Females With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brad W. Davis

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated developmental condition. ASD is typically known as a male-associated disorder with three to four times as many males diagnosed with the disorder than females (Loomes, Hull, & Mandy, 2017). Recent studies on the differences between males and females with ASD have recognized an underdiagnosis of females with ASD. Researchers have found that females with ASD have a specific set of mannerisms and struggles that differ from their male counterparts, which may be “camouflaging” the females into society (Lai et al., 2019). Many undiagnosed females with ASD are not receiving the mental, emotional, and …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Wealth And Happiness In An International Context, Madison Coleman May 2021

Exploring The Relationship Between Wealth And Happiness In An International Context, Madison Coleman

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This paper explores the literature regarding the relationship between wealth and happiness in cross-cultural or international contexts. A search on several online databases found 23 articles relevant to the topic. The authors studied this wealth-happiness relationship using varying definitions of subjective well-being (SWB) and life satisfaction to measure happiness, and using absolute income, relative income, consumption, or national income to measure wealth. This review discusses several theories that discuss the relationship between wealth and happiness and the causal factors that may explain it. These include the fulfillment of basic needs, social comparison, and the presence of certain demographic markers or …

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Scrupulosity And Latter-Day Saints: The Potential Benefits Of Tolerating Uncertainty, Madeline R. Christensen May 2021

Scrupulosity And Latter-Day Saints: The Potential Benefits Of Tolerating Uncertainty, Madeline R. Christensen

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Many religious individuals, including members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS individuals), suffer from a manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) known as scrupulosity. Scrupulosity is characterized by a cycle of anxiety-producing fear of sinful or immoral behavior and compulsive attempts to soothe that anxiety through religious means. While several therapeutic methods have proven effective for various dimensions of OCD, treatment of individuals with scrupulosity has been less successful. Increasing amounts of research indicate that an intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may play an important role in many psychological disorders, including OCD and, potentially, scrupulosity. IU may be …

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Exposure To Nature: An Underutilized Component Of Student Mental Health, Jeremy S. Bekker May 2021

Exposure To Nature: An Underutilized Component Of Student Mental Health, Jeremy S. Bekker

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Nature-exposure interventions on university campuses may serve as an effective addition to overburdened counseling and student support centers. Nature-exposure interventions can work as a preventative health measure on campuses, which can be used adjacently with existing health resources. This paper outlines the potential benefits of nature exposure for students’ physical health, mental well-being, and academic success. Previous research has demonstrated that nature exposure may help reduce cognitive load, decrease negative psychological symptoms, increase psychological coping ability, and lead to better physical health. Many campuses already contain green spaces, defined as any part of an environment that is predominately made of …

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Balanced Parenting: The Effects Of Family Functioning On Suicide And Non-Suicidal Self-Injury In Adolescents, Stephen Bahr May 2021

Balanced Parenting: The Effects Of Family Functioning On Suicide And Non-Suicidal Self-Injury In Adolescents, Stephen Bahr

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicidal behavior is also highly correlated with non-suicidal self-injury. Many studies show a correlation between the level of family functioning and these adolescent self-harming behaviors. In this review specifically, a compilation of synthesized studies shows that two factors of family functioning—cohesion and flexibility—have a high association with self-harming behavior in adolescents. Families with low levels of cohesion (disengaged) frequently cause feelings of loneliness and isolation, which may lead youth to self-harm. Inversely, adolescents of families with extremely high levels of cohesion (enmeshed) often feel unable to express their true feelings …

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Front Matter May 2021

Front Matter

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Biopsychosocial Model And Clinical Decision Science In The Age Of Black Lives Matter: A Clinical Reflection, Abdul-Rahman M. Suleiman, Samer Ilayan May 2021

The Biopsychosocial Model And Clinical Decision Science In The Age Of Black Lives Matter: A Clinical Reflection, Abdul-Rahman M. Suleiman, Samer Ilayan

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The author reflects on the biopsychosocial considerations of elevated blood pressure in teenage African American youth during the era of Black Lives Matter (BLM). Parallels are drawn between Dr. Engel’s biopsychosocial model and clinical decision science.

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The Healing Of Historical Collective Trauma, Eugen Koh May 2021

The Healing Of Historical Collective Trauma, Eugen Koh

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Historical collective trauma is embedded in the shared consciousness of a collective, which can be considered as being the collective’s culture. The healing of historical collective trauma is a most complex and challenging task. At the core of it is a collective process of working through painful and overwhelming experiences, which is only possible in a safe and supportive environment. This process involves remembering and making sense of defined events and depends on the possession of a capable and authentic “collective thinking apparatus,” which is proposed here, to be a function of a collective’s culture. The healing of single, …

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Impact Of Warnings On Gamified Personality Assessments, Sabrina Yu May 2021

Impact Of Warnings On Gamified Personality Assessments, Sabrina Yu

Student Theses and Dissertations

Over the past several years, there has been a growing interest in using gamified and game-based assessments to measure individual differences (e.g., cognitive ability, personality) in both research and selection contexts. This interest, in part, stems from the research showing that gamified assessments are associated with more positive candidate reactions to selection processes and the potential to mitigate faking on personality assessments. To date, little research has examined the impact of gamification on faking overall and little research has combined gamification with a more traditional method of mitigating faking on personality assessments such as warnings. The purpose of this study …

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Are Delusions Beliefs?, Dorothy Reviss May 2021

Are Delusions Beliefs?, Dorothy Reviss

Publications and Research

A belief is one’s personal attitude regarding an issue in the universe that contains evidence of truth to it. A delusion can be defined as a peculiar belief that contradicts reality, scientific evidence, and rational thinking, and may be attributed to personality disorders. In order to determine where a delusion is a belief, it is important to recognize the circumstances under which certain beliefs are held. While a delusion sounds similar to a false belief, it is an entirely unique phenomenon. In the case of personality disorders like the Capgras delusion, schizophrenia, and Reverse Othello syndrome individuals genuinely believe in …

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The Effects Stress Has On Coping Strategies In Populations Uniquely Impacted By Both Developmental Disabilities And Covid-19, Chloe Quinnett, Kaitlyn Drafton, Feller Miles, Taylor Demotta, Beverly J. Wilson May 2021

The Effects Stress Has On Coping Strategies In Populations Uniquely Impacted By Both Developmental Disabilities And Covid-19, Chloe Quinnett, Kaitlyn Drafton, Feller Miles, Taylor Demotta, Beverly J. Wilson

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Populations with developmental disabilities (DD) are at heightened risk of becoming infected with COVID-19, which may lead to high levels of stress challenging their ability to cope effectively. This study was part of a larger web-based survey focused on those uniquely impacted by DD and their coping mechanisms. Participants were 106 individuals and families uniquely impacted by DD. Results indicated perceived stress predicted maladaptive coping mechanisms, however it did not predict adaptive coping mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for more support for these populations, with an emphasis on utilizing adaptive coping strategies when under greater levels of perceived stress.

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Call 911: Suicidal Individuals’ Help-Seeking Means As Associated With Their Outcomes, Katherine Oconnell, Molly Hassler, Keyne Law May 2021

Call 911: Suicidal Individuals’ Help-Seeking Means As Associated With Their Outcomes, Katherine Oconnell, Molly Hassler, Keyne Law

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Public suicide prevention efforts have done little to dismantle suicide as the tenth leading cause of death in the United States in 2018. The 911 emergency call system is an essential part of these public health efforts; 20% of crisis calls to police originate from individuals battling a mental health crisis or illness. This study examined over 1,071 Washington State Police 911 calls to determine if help-seeking means could help predict the fate of the suicidal individual. The referral means by family and friends, self-referral, or bystanders more likely predicted monitoring by public authorities, safety intervention, or adverse outcome, respectively.

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Cultural Tensions In Immigrant Households: The Relationships Among Parent-Child Acculturative Conflict, Parental Criticism, And Depressive Symptoms In Korean Adolescents, Alison Blodgett, Caitlin Deonier, Huy Hoang, Jenny Vaydich May 2021

Cultural Tensions In Immigrant Households: The Relationships Among Parent-Child Acculturative Conflict, Parental Criticism, And Depressive Symptoms In Korean Adolescents, Alison Blodgett, Caitlin Deonier, Huy Hoang, Jenny Vaydich

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Among immigrant adolescents, the emergence of depressive symptoms may be influenced by their experiences as immigrants (Cleary et al., 2018). Parent-adolescent acculturative conflicts have been linked to depressive symptoms (Juang et al., 2018). Other findings link parental criticism to depressive symptoms (Castro & Rice, 2003). Our study examined the relationships among parent-adolescent acculturative conflict, parental criticism, and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrant adolescents. Mediation analyses indicated maternal criticism mediated the relationship between mother-adolescent acculturative conflict and depressive symptoms (β = 3.60, 95% CI [.62, 6.00]). Results suggest that parent-adolescent acculturative conflict may influence maternal criticism, which then impacts depressive symptoms.

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Chronic Mild Stress And Deficits In The Rodent Brain: A Preliminary Examination Of Neuroinflammation-Induced Cognitive And Behavioral Changes In Rats, Hoda Abou Eich, Lizzy Daugherty, Rocky Marks, Keyne Law, Phillip Baker May 2021

Chronic Mild Stress And Deficits In The Rodent Brain: A Preliminary Examination Of Neuroinflammation-Induced Cognitive And Behavioral Changes In Rats, Hoda Abou Eich, Lizzy Daugherty, Rocky Marks, Keyne Law, Phillip Baker

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This pilot study investigated the effects of chronic mild stress on a variety of cognitive and behavioral tasks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Our study consisted of two cohorts, one housed individually and one housed in dyad pairs, stressed over six weeks. We then examined the rat’s weight, sucrose preference, forced swim behaviors, and performance on maze-based cognitive tasks. Tests were conducted to examine whether chronic stress was sufficient to induce inflammation in the brain that would result in significant deficits. Results will be compared with analysis of the brains post-mortem to examine potential neurobiological correlates in regions of the rodent brain.

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Parental Depression Mediates The Relationship Between Parent-Adolescent Acculturative Stress And Parent-Adolescent Conflict Among Korean Immigrant Parents, Caitlin Deonier, Alison Blodgett, Jenny Vaydich May 2021

Parental Depression Mediates The Relationship Between Parent-Adolescent Acculturative Stress And Parent-Adolescent Conflict Among Korean Immigrant Parents, Caitlin Deonier, Alison Blodgett, Jenny Vaydich

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

For immigrant parents, acculturation processes may contribute to acculturative stress in parent-adolescent relationships. Acculturative stress has been associated with psychopathology risk (Hwang & Ting, 2008), and strained parent-child relationships (Heeseung & Dancy, 2009). Other findings link parental mental health with parent-adolescent conflict (Dekovic, 1999). Our study examined the relationships among parent-adolescent acculturative stress, parental depression, and parent-adolescent conflict among Korean immigrants. Mediation analyses indicated parental depression mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent acculturative stress and parent-adolescent conflict (β = .08, 95% CI [.00, .19]). Findings suggest parent-adolescent acculturative stress may negatively influence parental mental health, which may then influence parent-adolescent conflict.

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Exploring Warmth And Morality As A Boundary Condition Of Vicarious Contact, Jenessa Higgs, Diedrah Todd, Abby Vanderkooi, Brittany Tausen May 2021

Exploring Warmth And Morality As A Boundary Condition Of Vicarious Contact, Jenessa Higgs, Diedrah Todd, Abby Vanderkooi, Brittany Tausen

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Our study employed a 2 (morality: high vs. low) x 2 (warmth: high vs. low) between participants' design to test the boundary conditions of vicarious contact to improve perceptions of individuals experiencing homelessness. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition where they learned about an in-group member's character before reading about a positive encounter the in-group member had with an individual experiencing homelessness. Following the vicarious contact, participants completed a dehumanization measure. Data analysis will be utilized to investigate whether vicarious contact through any in-group member is effective, or if the in-group member must be perceived positively.

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The Relationship Between Housing Conditions And Chronic Mild Stress In Rats, Anne-Jolene Cruz, Huy Nguyen, Nyah Ward, Phillip Baker May 2021

The Relationship Between Housing Conditions And Chronic Mild Stress In Rats, Anne-Jolene Cruz, Huy Nguyen, Nyah Ward, Phillip Baker

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Despite the proven success of the Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) model in measuring anhedonia behaviors in rats, housing conditions could alter the effects of stressors. In our original analysis, group-housing revealed no significant difference between the stress and control subjects. As a result, this follow-up study aims to replicate the initial study using single-housing conditions instead to examine the differences between grouped and single-housed rats while measuring the effects of stress with housing as an influencing variable on our stress measures.

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Tracking Autonomic Responses To Moral Decision-Making Interventions, Jamie Lee, Samantha Reimer, Phillip Baker May 2021

Tracking Autonomic Responses To Moral Decision-Making Interventions, Jamie Lee, Samantha Reimer, Phillip Baker

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Previous studies of morality have relied on self-report measures to track changes in morality. Tracking autonomic responses in congruence with self-report measures offer more reliable data. Self-reported deontological responses in past research have shown stronger autonomic responses compared to that of utilitarian answers. Moral decision-making may elicit a physical response and thus changes can be tracked through measurements of autonomic responses. Some current methods of measuring autonomic responses to various situations and decision-making are tracking galvanic skin response, heart activity, and eye activity. These can be used as measures of autonomic nervous system activity and be used to distinguish changes …

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