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2019

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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Perceived Appropriateness Of Sexual Misconduct In Hookup Culture: Roles Of Power And Motives, Milan Alexandra Tvardek Jan 2019

Perceived Appropriateness Of Sexual Misconduct In Hookup Culture: Roles Of Power And Motives, Milan Alexandra Tvardek

Master's Theses

This study used hypothetical depictions of hookup scenarios to assess the perceptions of 388 participants for whether specific interactions between third-party characters involved sexual misconduct and the perceived appropriateness and wrongfulness of those behaviors. The current research examined the role of three independent between-subject variables in perceptions of sexual misconduct perpetration: a) Sex Motive (Low, High); b) Chronic Power (Low, High); and c) Acute Power (Low, High, Control). Results showed that individuals high in sex driven motivation, compared to those who less often hookup for sex driven reasons, perceived some perpetrators to be more wrongful but also expected these perpetrators …

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Ecopsychology Revisited, Jorge Conesa-Sevilla Jan 2019

Ecopsychology Revisited, Jorge Conesa-Sevilla

Trade & Scholarly Monographs

Ecopsychology Revisited is a critique of and deconstructive approach to several trends termed “ecopsychology.” This work attempts to bring light to some of the misconceptions that have hardened as “ecopsychology,” as these ideas have been reinterpreted and sometimes oversimplified by the general public and some professionals outside mainstream psychology. Part of the confusion arose when “ecopsychology” became inadequately amalgamated with other ideas. Nevertheless, within the social and behavioral sciences, at least, there is great value in devising and applying evidence-based strategies that track the normative ramifications dealing with cognition, emotion and behavior, exploring how or why humans relate to natural …

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Workplace Gender Discrimination And Job Performance In Egypt: The Moderating Role Of Equity Sensitivity, Mohamad Saad Mohamad Jan 2019

Workplace Gender Discrimination And Job Performance In Egypt: The Moderating Role Of Equity Sensitivity, Mohamad Saad Mohamad

psychology

Workplace gender discrimination is a significant problem in Egypt. However, there is limited research on Workplace gender discrimination and its consequences. The current research tries to examine the relationships between workplace gender discrimination and task and contextual job performances. Moreover, the moderating effect of equity sensitivity on these relationships is also investigated. A convenience sample on 312 working women was drawn from different work settings in Cairo, Egypt. They responded to a three-part questionnaire that assesses workplace gender discrimination, equity sensitivity, and job performance. The results indicated that workplace gender discrimination was negatively associated with both of task and contextual …

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I Got My Vengeance: Sexual Harassment, Coping Strategies And Counterproductive Behaviours In Egypt, Mohamad Saad Mohamad Jan 2019

I Got My Vengeance: Sexual Harassment, Coping Strategies And Counterproductive Behaviours In Egypt, Mohamad Saad Mohamad

psychology

Sexual harassment is a prevailing phenomenon in Egypt. However, there is limited research on workplace sexual harassment and its consequences. The current research tries to examine the relationships between workplace sexual harassment and counterproductive work behaviours. Moreover, the moderating effect of coping strategies on these relationship is also investigated. A convenience sample on 260 working women was drawn from different work settings in Cairo, Egypt. They responded to a three-part questionnaire that assesses workplace sexual harassment, coping strategies, and counterproductive work behaviours. The results indicated that workplace sexual harassment was positively correlated with all aspects of counterproductive work behaviours. Moreover, …

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The Construction And Validation Of A New Hepatitis C Virus Social Stigma In The Workplace Scale, Mohamed Amin Ahmed, Mohamad Saad Mohamad, Magdy Ahmed Mariam Jan 2019

The Construction And Validation Of A New Hepatitis C Virus Social Stigma In The Workplace Scale, Mohamed Amin Ahmed, Mohamad Saad Mohamad, Magdy Ahmed Mariam

psychology

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale to measure the social stigma of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the workplace using a refined version of Link and colleagues’ (Link & Phelan, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363; Link, Yang, Phelan, & Collins, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098) definition of social stigma. Methods: The new scale was developed over a multistage process that was guided by existing scales and focus groups. Two studies were conducted to validate the scale. The first, collected data from 224 employees and used exploratory factor analysis to remove unsatisfactory items. The second study collected data from 254 employees …

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The Impact Of Four-Day School Weeks And Fifth-Day Programs On Delinquency And Problem Behaviors In Adolescents, Emily Collins Jan 2019

The Impact Of Four-Day School Weeks And Fifth-Day Programs On Delinquency And Problem Behaviors In Adolescents, Emily Collins

Scripps Senior Theses

In recent years, tightening budgets have forced school districts to find new ways to save money. One way that has become increasingly popular is to shorten the traditional five-day school week to only four-days a week. This change is budget friendly and may act through efficiency wage theory as a recruitment tool for better teachers. Despite the increasing prevalence of districts running on four-day weeks, many of the effects of the shorter week on students are still unclear. Utilizing district-level panel data from the Colorado Department of Education, Study One took a difference-in-differences approach to determine the effect of the …

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Circadian Variations And Risky Decision Making, Sana Sra Jan 2019

Circadian Variations And Risky Decision Making, Sana Sra

Scripps Senior Theses

Over the past decades, decision making under risk has garnered a great amount of attention both in the field of economics and psychology. Although state-dependent variabilities of risk taking are well-documented, little is known about the effects of a person’s preferred time of day, or chronotype, in risky decision making. Under circumstances of circadian mismatch (e.g., when an “early bird” makes decisions in the evening), research suggests that decision making may reflect a greater reliance on heuristics, such as using stereotypes in social judgments. However, the effects of circadian mismatch on heuristics in risky decision making are relatively unexplored. This …

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Sentencing Length Disparities: Assessing Why Race And Gender Influence Judges’ Decisions, Janna Akers Jan 2019

Sentencing Length Disparities: Assessing Why Race And Gender Influence Judges’ Decisions, Janna Akers

Scripps Senior Theses

The purpose of this study is to assess why the race and gender of defendants influence judges’ decisions using the focal concern theory. This study will require around 84 participants. Participants will be federal judges who will be recruited via email. In an online survey, participants will be randomly assigned to one of four conditions . Participants will all read a vignette which an individual was convicted for in trafficking of Xanax. The vignette will be manipulated by the name and accompanying a mugshot based on the race (Black/White) and gender (male/female) of the defendant. The expected result is that …

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Speech Interfaces And Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Kenneth A. Ward Jan 2019

Speech Interfaces And Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Kenneth A. Ward

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

As the aviation industry modernizes, new technology and interfaces must support growing aircraft complexity without increasing pilot workload. Natural language processing presents just such a simple and intuitive interface, yet the performance implications for use by pilots remain unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand performance effects of using speech and voice interfaces in a series of pilot task analogs. The inclusion criteria selected studies that involved participants performing a demanding primary task, such as driving, while interacting with a vehicle system to enter numbers, dial radios, or enter a navigation destination. Compared to manual system interfaces, voice interfaces reduced …

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Collegiate Aviation Pilots: Analyses Of Fatigue Related Decision-Making Scenarios, Julius Keller, Flavio Coimbra Mendonca Mr, Jason E. Cutter Jan 2019

Collegiate Aviation Pilots: Analyses Of Fatigue Related Decision-Making Scenarios, Julius Keller, Flavio Coimbra Mendonca Mr, Jason E. Cutter

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

According to Dawson and McCulloch (2005), indicating factors for pilot fatigue may be difficult to ascertain. However, fatigue is a probable cause in 15%-20% of all aircraft accidents (Akerstedt, 2000). It may be assumed fatigue has been important latent condition for many of the general aviation incidents and or accidents but not necessarily identified as a probable cause. Events that barely missed a detrimental situation due to fatigue, often go unnoticed and or unreported. Furthermore, fatigue can influence the quality of flight instruction and flight operations overall. The purpose of the current paper was to examine fatigue related decision-making responses …

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A Trust In Air Traffic Controllers (T-Atc) Scale, Bradley S. Baugh, Scott R. Winter Jan 2019

A Trust In Air Traffic Controllers (T-Atc) Scale, Bradley S. Baugh, Scott R. Winter

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Trust is a concept that cannot be easily measured. Further, trust is domain-specific. Trust is a foundational aspect of safe flight operations in the National Airspace System, and while there has been much attention to trust in teams and trust in automation, there appears to be a gap in knowledge of a pilot’s trust in air traffic controllers. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Trust in Air Traffic Controllers (T-ATC) scale, a summative scale to measure a pilot’s trust in air traffic controllers. This study followed a three-step methodology. In steps one and two, words …

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[Introduction To] Group Dynamics: Seventh Edition, Donelson R. Forsyth Jan 2019

[Introduction To] Group Dynamics: Seventh Edition, Donelson R. Forsyth

Bookshelf

Learn how group dynamics theory applies in the real world with the help of this best seller. Group Dynamics, 7th Edition, covers all major theories and topics pertaining to group and team processes. Focus on what's most important with clearly organized chapters and highlighted key points, and see how to apply concepts to actual groups through extended case studies -- one in every chapter. The author draws on examples from a range of disciplines including psychology, management, law, education, sociology, and political science to help you develop a deeper understanding of each topic that you'll take with you …

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Family Volunteers As Alternative Future Resources: School Leaders' Beliefs And Practices, Hazar Hekmat Malluhi, Nayel Musa Alomran Jan 2019

Family Volunteers As Alternative Future Resources: School Leaders' Beliefs And Practices, Hazar Hekmat Malluhi, Nayel Musa Alomran

All Works

© 2019, Kassel University Press GmbH. Schools and community engagement are seen as effective factors for making schools a thoughtful place. This case- study employed mixed methodology to explore the phenomena of parent involvement and to know the exact characteristics of the leadership style in the school. This case study examined and described school leaders' perspectives, attitudes and practices towards parents' involvement in an Abu Dhabi primary school using a variety of data sources including, interviews, open-ended teachers' questionnaires, school selfassessment surveys and mothers' council self-assessment surveys. The findings revealed that the school leaders effectively employ multiple collaborative, shared and …

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Computer Multitasking In The Classroom: Training To Attend Or Wander?, Elizabeth A. Rogers Jan 2019

Computer Multitasking In The Classroom: Training To Attend Or Wander?, Elizabeth A. Rogers

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study aimed to examine the phenomenon of Psy.D. students’ multitasking on the computer while in the classroom. Using an online survey of 45 questions, the study invited Psy.D. students from across the US to answer questions pertaining to their non-class-related use of computers in the classroom, including an exploration of their relationship with computers and the internet, feelings and judgments regarding multitasking in the classroom, and opinions on the behavior and its potential impact on their profession. A total of 166 people visited the survey with 145 respondents who answered it to completion. Of the 145 participants, 86% (125) …

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Therapist Attachment And Meaning-Making In Adolescent Residential Treatment, Lisa J. Milone Jan 2019

Therapist Attachment And Meaning-Making In Adolescent Residential Treatment, Lisa J. Milone

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This qualitative study explores therapist views of the therapeutic relationship in adolescent residential treatment from an attachment perspective. The therapeutic relationship is a strong predictor of outcomes in adult psychotherapy and a significant body of research has relied on the attachment literature to understand its importance. Research yields comparable results when examining the significance of the therapeutic relationship with children and adolescents; however, there is virtually no literature exploring it from the attachment lens. This is particularly notable for children and adolescents in residential treatment. As treatment intensity increases from outpatient to inpatient to residential, challenges and opportunities within the …

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Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis Of Influences To Death Anxiety, Michelle M. Ehle Jan 2019

Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis Of Influences To Death Anxiety, Michelle M. Ehle

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

There are two certainties in life: we are born, and we will die. Everything in between birth and death is our life. This truth leads many individuals to existential questions: What is the meaning of life? How do we become satisfied with life, knowing that death is impending? Does awareness of death motivate how we live? Death anxiety is a well-studied subject; well over 500 studies provide information on who is the most fearful of death among a variety of groups (women versus men, religious verses secular, youth verses elderly, et cetera). These studies also use presuppositions to explain fear …

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The Experience Of Relapse After Long-Term Sobriety And Subsequent Return To Sobriety, Bahram Edward Kaikhosrow Shahrokh Jan 2019

The Experience Of Relapse After Long-Term Sobriety And Subsequent Return To Sobriety, Bahram Edward Kaikhosrow Shahrokh

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

While psychiatric medications have been categorized as the same as substances of abuse in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), medications for common medical disorders were not affected by this disapproval of medication. It may be time for a new dialogue (Woody, 2015). According to Gjersing and Bretteville (2018), there has been a concerning increase in overdose deaths in the last decade. This includes a threefold increase in overdose deaths from prescription narcotics and six-fold increase in overdose deaths from heroin in the United States. When prescription opioid users find difficulty in obtaining pills, they may move on to heroin, which is much …

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The Lived Experience Of Low-Income Single Mothers In The U.S. And The Effects Of Nature As A Psychotherapeutic Tool In Their Treatment, Suzanne L. Frost Jan 2019

The Lived Experience Of Low-Income Single Mothers In The U.S. And The Effects Of Nature As A Psychotherapeutic Tool In Their Treatment, Suzanne L. Frost

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation describes current research on the lived experience of low-income single mothers and explores the potential validity of utilizing exposure to natural settings as a psychotherapeutic intervention for this population. In 2014, 4,764,000 single mothers in the U.S. were living in poverty. A large percentage of this population suffers from poverty, hunger, social stigma, as well as mental illnesses associated with these conditions, such as anxiety, stress, and depression. A qualitative influential research study was performed that included interviews with eight low income White single mothers and one Biracial Turkish and Chaktau Native American low-income single mother in predominantly …

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The Effects Of Health Literacy On Treatment Adherence And Health Optimism In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Heather Gardiner Jan 2019

The Effects Of Health Literacy On Treatment Adherence And Health Optimism In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Heather Gardiner

Honors Theses

Health literacy is a very critical aspect of a patient's recovery, and low levels of it have been correlated to a large range of negative health outcomes. Health literacy's effects on treatment adherence and health optimism was examined in a sample of 32 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients who were recruited from a transplant center in the southeastern section of the United States. Participants had a mean age of 47.55, with 45.2% (n=14) of the participants being female and 54.8% (n=17) being Caucasian.The participants completed a survey, which incorporated the tools of Health Literacy Questionnaire, Life Orientation Tool, and the …

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"It's Part Of My Responsibility To Help" : Developing A Measure Of Motivations For Extrinsic Emotion Regulation, Sara Cloonan Jan 2019

"It's Part Of My Responsibility To Help" : Developing A Measure Of Motivations For Extrinsic Emotion Regulation, Sara Cloonan

Honors Theses

Previous research in the field of emotion regulation has largely focused on the ways in which we regulate our own emotions, but not as much work has been done to examine the processes by which we regulate the emotions of others. The current research aims to develop a measure of motivations for engaging in extrinsic emotion regulation (EER), with a focus on why we attempt to down-regulate negative emotional experiences of those around us. Study 1 used narrative responses to formulate and validate a qualitative coding schema for categorizing motives for engaging in EER. The wide variety of EER motivations …

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Abortion In Context, Jeanne Marecek Jan 2019

Abortion In Context, Jeanne Marecek

Psychology Faculty Works

Across the world, abortion is one of the commonest gynecological procedures and, properly carried out, one of the safest. However, some 25% of the world’s population lives in countries where legal statutes largely prohibit abortion, forcing women to seek clandestine abortions that often are unsafe. This chapter surveys legal, social, cultural, and political aspects of abortion, pointing to stark differences in women’s access to abortion in different locales and at various points in history. It also describes the wide range of methods that women have used to end an untenable pregnancy, including traditional methods such as botanical preparations and massage …

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Implicit Attitudes Of Asian American Older Adults Toward Aging, Anita Ho Jan 2019

Implicit Attitudes Of Asian American Older Adults Toward Aging, Anita Ho

Scripps Senior Theses

Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) developed the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a measure of mental associations between target pairs and positive or negative attributes. Highly associative categories yield faster responses than the reverse mental associations, which is thought to reflect implicit attitudes toward stereotypes. The present study investigated the effect of ethnic group on one’s implicit attitudes toward aging and gender stereotypes by comparing two groups of older adults, Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans, that likely hold different culture values. Past qualitative studies have established the existence of mental health stigma in Asian American populations, including negative Asian American perceptions …

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Reserve, Symptoms, Sex, And Outcome Following A Single Sports-Related Concussion, Summer A. Thornfeldt Jan 2019

Reserve, Symptoms, Sex, And Outcome Following A Single Sports-Related Concussion, Summer A. Thornfeldt

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Reserve refers to the biological/cognitive differences between individuals that protect against cognitive changes following a single sports-related concussion (SRC). A single SRC can lead to brain damage and a loss of reserve. The ImPACT is a neurocognitive test which was used as a proxy for reserve. The Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), a symptom checklist, was used to examine symptoms. It was hypothesized that pre-SRC reserve would affect post-SRC reserve, so that those with higher pre-SRC reserves would demonstrate less change in their reserve after a single SRC compared to those with low pre-SRC reserves. It was also hypothesized that females …

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Eye Movements For Learned Faces, Mariah Lehnertz Jan 2019

Eye Movements For Learned Faces, Mariah Lehnertz

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Humans demonstrate a perceptual specialization for faces that is astonishing. This project attempts determine if and where within the perceptual process face perception and face recognition diverge at the level of eye movement behaviors. Participants were exposed to a series of 36 faces, of which six were randomly selected to be learned over five subsequent exposures; thus the same face identities served as both the novel faces (block 1) and the learned faces (block 5), allowing for the measurement of eye gaze patterns during initial face perception (novel) and face recognition (learned). These six faces were randomly assigned to different …

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"I See Gay People" Gaydar Abilities In A Real-World Distribution, Benjamin Patrick Skillman Jan 2019

"I See Gay People" Gaydar Abilities In A Real-World Distribution, Benjamin Patrick Skillman

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

“Gaydar” is the colloquial term for identifying someone’s sexual orientation from physical cues. Past literature has shown that people can identify someone’s sexual orientation at above chance levels. Past literature has used a 50/50 split of gay and straight faces and used non-standardized images, which can induce confounds in the results. The present study examined gaydar accuracy in a realistic distribution of straight and gay faces using standardized images and examined facial morphology for differences between gay and straight men. Participants were not found to have above chance accuracy for identifying gay faces. PCA did not identify reliable shape differences …

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The Effect Of Religion On Trait Priority In Potential Partners In Short And Long Term Relationships, Sara K. Glass Jan 2019

The Effect Of Religion On Trait Priority In Potential Partners In Short And Long Term Relationships, Sara K. Glass

Honors Theses

This study builds upon previous research that demonstrates how various demographic characteristics, as well as relationship type, affects trait preferences for potential mate partners. This study also explores the potential effects of religious affiliation and religiosity on trait preferences, as no previous research explicitly tests how individuals’ religious affiliation or strength of religiosity influences their rank ordering of potential partner traits. Seven hypotheses were proposed, as well as four points of exploration regarding sexuality, relationship status, religious affiliation, and race were proposed. Hypotheses 1, which predicted that women will rank financial stability higher than men and that men will rank …

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Bridging Act-R And Project Malmo, Developing Models Of Behavior In Complex Environments, David M. Schwartz Jan 2019

Bridging Act-R And Project Malmo, Developing Models Of Behavior In Complex Environments, David M. Schwartz

Honors Theses

Cognitive architectures such as ACT-R provide a system for simulating the mind and human behavior. On their own they model decision making of an isolated agent. However, applying a cognitive architecture to a complex environment yields more interesting results about how people make decisions in more realistic scenarios. Furthermore, cognitive architectures enable researchers to study human behavior in dangerous tasks which cannot be tested because they would harm participants. Nonetheless, these architectures aren’t commonly applied to such environments as they don’t come with one. It is left to the researcher to develop a task environment for their model. The difficulty …

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The Relationship Between An Alternative Form Of Cognitive Reflection Test And Intertemporal Choice, Jiuqing Cheng, Cassidy Janssen Jan 2019

The Relationship Between An Alternative Form Of Cognitive Reflection Test And Intertemporal Choice, Jiuqing Cheng, Cassidy Janssen

Faculty Work

The cognitive reflection test (CRT) has been popular because it has demonstrated a good predictive validity of a variety of biases in judgment and decision making. Thomson and Oppenheimer (2016) further developed a second version of the cognitive reflection test, CRT-2. Although CRT-2 has been found to be associated with several biases in judgment and decision making, its relationship with intertemporal choice remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that intertemporal choice characterizes the competition between intuition and reflection, and can be predicted by the original CRT. To further validate CRT-2, the present study tests the relationship between CRT-2 and intertemporal …

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The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Mood On The Perception Of Others, Sydney Wirkkala Jan 2019

The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Mood On The Perception Of Others, Sydney Wirkkala

All Master's Theses

The purpose of the current experiment was to examine the role that self-esteem and mood have on judgment formation regarding strangers. Mood has been shown to play an important role in judgments such that being in a positive mood has been shown to result in more positive judgments (Forgas & Bower, 1987; Forgas, Bower, & Krantz, 1983). It has also been shown that having a higher self-esteem can lead to more positive judgments about the self as well as others (Brown & Mankowski, 1993; Sanna, Turley-Ames, & Meier, 1999). Few studies have examined the interaction of self-esteem and mood on …

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Growth After Developmental Trauma: A Co-Constructed Story, Naydine Johney Jan 2019

Growth After Developmental Trauma: A Co-Constructed Story, Naydine Johney

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

In this study, I explored post-traumatic growth as embedded in a co-constructed healing relationship between a trauma survivor and a “mentor” who has been instrumental to their recovery. It is widely known that people who are resilient in overcoming early adverse childhood experiences have had someone in their corner who believed in them. In a separate, but related body of literature, there are similarly well-documented benefits for those who have the chance to make a difference in a survivor’s life, including for example: relatives, educators, and therapists. To date, we still don’t know if survivors and their mentors hold the …

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