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2018

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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 3772

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Examining The Measurement Invariance Of The Mmpi-A-Rf Externalizing Scales Across Korean And American Adolescent Normative Samples, Kristoffer Yong Park Jul 2018

Examining The Measurement Invariance Of The Mmpi-A-Rf Externalizing Scales Across Korean And American Adolescent Normative Samples, Kristoffer Yong Park

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescents – Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF; Archer, Handel, Ben-Porath, & Tellegen, 2016) is a newly developed instrument in personality and psychopathology and has been translated into many different languages, including the Korean language (University of Minnesota Press, 2016). Due to the cultural differences between Korean and American populations, it is important that constructs measured in the MMPI-A-RF are interpretable across cultures. Focusing on the Externalizing Scales, the present study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to examine the measurement invariance in Korean and American adolescent normative samples. Partially supporting the hypothesis, the results showed that …

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Dr. Jekyll Or Mr. Hyde? President Donald Trump’S Personality Profile As Perceived From Different Political Viewpoints, W. Keith Campbell, Courtland S. Hyatt, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller Jul 2018

Dr. Jekyll Or Mr. Hyde? President Donald Trump’S Personality Profile As Perceived From Different Political Viewpoints, W. Keith Campbell, Courtland S. Hyatt, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

The present research used an empirical, crowdsourced trait profiling approach to describe the personality of Trump that accounts for political views. Clinton (N=120) and Trump (N=118) voters rated Trump’s personality on the 30 facets of the Five Factor Model. Participants also provided perceived helpfulness and harmfulness ratings of the facets before and after the election. We treated these facet level ratings as trait profiles, which were transformed into estimates of personality disorders (PDs) and complex trait-based constructs based on expert profiles. Results suggest only modest agreement between Clinton and Trump voters on Trump’s personality. Clinton voters perceived much greater antagonism, …

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Attitudes Towards Racism In Kkk Forums: Denouncement, Avoidance, And Neutralization, Natasha R. Wood Jul 2018

Attitudes Towards Racism In Kkk Forums: Denouncement, Avoidance, And Neutralization, Natasha R. Wood

Student Theses

Recent research has attempted to better understand the complexity of modern terrorism, which seems evermore present in our worldview. However, the scope of the literature lacks representation of far-right ideology, and that of White supremacists within the campaign. Specifically, the potential fear of being labeled as a racist has been recognized as both an obstacle to communicating racial issues and as a potential driver behind the self-imposed social exclusion of White supremacists, which may further contribute to their radicalization rigidity around race-relevant political issues. The current study is an inquiry into the internal perceptions and conceptualizations of racism among members …

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Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?, Kelsey Purcell Jul 2018

Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?, Kelsey Purcell

Theses and Dissertations

Resurgence is a type of treatment relapse that occurs when an extinguished behavior reappears once a more recently reinforced behavior is placed on extinction. Resurgence of problem behavior often occurs when treatment-integrity errors are made during the implementation of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Training multiple alternative responses shows a promise in mitigating resurgence of problem behavior compared to training only a single response. The current study used laboratory methods to systematically replicate previous studies comparing the effects of more typical-DRA training with serial-DRA training on the magnitude of resurgence. Extensions included children as participants, topographically different target and …

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Gray Space And Green Space Proximity Associated With Higher Anxiety In Youth With Autism, Lincoln R. Lawson, Brian Barger, Scott Ogletree, Julia C. Torquati, Steven Rosenberg, Cassandra Johnson Gaither, Jodie Marie Bartz, Andrew Gardner, Eric Moody, Anne R. Schutte Jul 2018

Gray Space And Green Space Proximity Associated With Higher Anxiety In Youth With Autism, Lincoln R. Lawson, Brian Barger, Scott Ogletree, Julia C. Torquati, Steven Rosenberg, Cassandra Johnson Gaither, Jodie Marie Bartz, Andrew Gardner, Eric Moody, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

This study used ZIP code level data on children's health (National Survey of Children's Health, 2012) and land cover (National Land Cover Database, 2011) from across the United States to investigate connections between proximity to green space (tree canopy), gray space (impervious surfaces), and expression of a critical co-morbid condition, anxiety, in three groups of youth: children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n=1501), non-ASD children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN, n=15,776), and typically developing children (n=53,650). Both impervious surface coverage and tree canopy coverage increased the risk of severe anxiety in youth with autism, but not CSHCN or typical …

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Time Out For Sibling Aggression: An Analysis Of Effective Durations In A Natural Setting, Samantha M. Corralejo, Scott A. Jensen, Ashley Dawn Greathouse Jul 2018

Time Out For Sibling Aggression: An Analysis Of Effective Durations In A Natural Setting, Samantha M. Corralejo, Scott A. Jensen, Ashley Dawn Greathouse

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

Time-out is a ubiquitous strategy to reduce problem behaviors. The current study sought to find the shortest effective duration(s) of time-out for sibling aggression in a community sample of girls ages 3–7. All participants reached a minimum reduction in sibling aggression of 60% after experiencing a 1-minute time-out. The majority (75%) of participants also demonstrated clear reversals of behavior when returned to the baseline condition. The current findings suggest that a 1-minute time-out may be sufficient for low-level sibling aggression in children as old as seven. Limitations include the presence of a graduate assistant during sibling play and unclear generalizability.

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“Get On The Line”: Improving Pass-Naming In Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Using Negative Reinforcement And Signaling, Jesse Depaolo Jul 2018

“Get On The Line”: Improving Pass-Naming In Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Using Negative Reinforcement And Signaling, Jesse Depaolo

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the separate and combined effects of negative reinforcement and signaling to improve the athletic performance of college athletes. Eleven female varsity lacrosse players who attended a private college in the southeastern United States participated in the study. The team coaches requested help with increasing “pass-naming,” (i.e., saying the name of an intended receiver before the ball was passed), to alert her of an incoming pass. The following procedure included a negative reinforcement component, whereby players could reduce daily required sprints by calling out intended receivers’ names to alert them of incoming passes. An additional procedure included affixing …

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Job Search: From Setting The Goal To Obtaining The Job, Nicholas Aaron Moon Jul 2018

Job Search: From Setting The Goal To Obtaining The Job, Nicholas Aaron Moon

Theses and Dissertations

Job searching is a nearly universal experience with important consequences. Although research on the job search process is extensive, few studies have examined the goals that individuals have during their job search (i.e., employment and job search goals) and the factors that influence these goals over time. However, these goal-related processes are likely to be key in this area given that job searching fundamentally involves goal pursuit and how these processes unfold may have important implications for job seekers. This research begins to fill this gap by examining self-efficacy as an antecedent of job search and employment goals; perceived progress …

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Attitudes On Medical Ethics Of Criminal Neurointerventional Treatment, Haley Nicole Whitaker Jul 2018

Attitudes On Medical Ethics Of Criminal Neurointerventional Treatment, Haley Nicole Whitaker

Senior Honors Theses

As contemporary scientific advancements offer the opportunity to manipulate processes of the human body at a higher degree of invasiveness than ever before, a number of bioethical concerns are raised. One significant concern is how to discern the acceptable integration of advancements in neurologically-based interventions into the criminal justice system. Past literature supports the idea that there are several variables that interact to form a global conversation on the ethics of compromising a criminal’s freedom of mind for the purposes of sentencing or rehabilitation. Attitudes toward the current criminal justice system and the current uses of neurointerventions are significantly influential, …

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Anxiety: An Epidemic Through The Lens Of Social Media, Holly M. Wright Jul 2018

Anxiety: An Epidemic Through The Lens Of Social Media, Holly M. Wright

Honors College Theses

Anxiety: An Epidemic was originally inspired by the mental health crisis in my hometown, Palo Alto, California, and evolved to specifically focus on social media-related anxiety. I examined the question: How has social media evolved over the last decade and what effect does the proliferation of social media have on the young adult population? I hypothesized that social media would have a predominately negative effect, especially on young women, and set out to create a theatrical piece inspired by my research. In my meta-analysis of studies conducted, I found that more data needs to be collected on the relatively new …

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The Association Between Attitudes Towards High Intensity Exercise And Self-Esteem, Emily Fullhardt Jul 2018

The Association Between Attitudes Towards High Intensity Exercise And Self-Esteem, Emily Fullhardt

Honors College Theses

There has been much research that has examined the association between exercise and self-esteem. Specifically, research suggests that there is a positive association of high intensity exercise, including running, weight lifting, and interval training, with self-esteem in both children and adults. However, much of this past research involved experiments where an exercise regimen was introduced to test cause and effect of exercise and self-esteem. Further, much of the past research focused on adults outside of the United States (Hasanpour, Yìğiter, Yook). I aim to test whether there are associations of preferences for and attitudes towards high intensity exercise with self-esteem …

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The Tragedy Zone: Ableism In Entertainment, Linnea Sumner Jul 2018

The Tragedy Zone: Ableism In Entertainment, Linnea Sumner

Honors College Theses

Ableism, or discrimination towards individuals with disabilities, is pervasive in our society. The entertainment world and the media are largely responsible for shaping the way the general public views minority groups. The topic of disability is incredibly popular on screen and stage, but very few actors and writers with disabilities are being hired in comparison to the amount of work that is being produced on the topic. A startling percentage of best actor/actress Oscar winners have won for portraying a character with a disability of some kind, but only two actors with the same disabilities as their characters have been …

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Tabletop Role-Playing Games And Social Skills In Young Adults, Lily Spinelli Jul 2018

Tabletop Role-Playing Games And Social Skills In Young Adults, Lily Spinelli

Honors College Theses

This paper explores the relationship between playing tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) and the creativity, self-efficacy, and social skills of the players. Eighty-five people ages 18-25 were surveyed on their perceived levels of these three variables, as well as how often they played TTRPGs. Responses of those who did play TTRPGs were compared with results of those who did not play TTRPGs. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified in all participants between creativity and self-efficacy, creativity and social skills, and self-efficacy and social skills. Participants who played TTRPGs scored statistically significantly higher in measures of creativity than participants who did …

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Tilted: Exploring The Mainstreaming And Diversity Of Modern Drag, Stephen Stanec Jul 2018

Tilted: Exploring The Mainstreaming And Diversity Of Modern Drag, Stephen Stanec

Honors College Theses

The act of presenting oneself to the world around them is a performance. Gender takes a massive part in this “performance” as the “gender roles” that we as humans embody due to preconceived societal constructs shape the world’s perception of us (Butler 92-95). The world’s normality of performing the gender that closely matches one’s sex assignment is not the only option. The long practiced Queer art form of Drag, blurs and changes the lines of gender through performance. This in turn plays with the fluidity in the manmade construct of gender. Drag is a necessary art form within the Queer …

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The Relationship Between Executive Function, Hope, And Depression In Older Adults, Brittney Fallucca Jul 2018

The Relationship Between Executive Function, Hope, And Depression In Older Adults, Brittney Fallucca

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, by 2030, the population of individuals 65 years of age or older is expected to be close to 70 million people, or 20% of the country’s population. This creates a substantial demand as well as opportunity for prevention on medical and health care providers, because individuals in this population are at an increased risk of significant changes in cognitive and mental health. Decline in executive functioning skills is one of the most prevalent changes to affect older adults. Furthermore, depression is strongly associated with impairment in executive functioning, and both …

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Illegitimate Tasks And Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model, Timothy A. Davis Jul 2018

Illegitimate Tasks And Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model, Timothy A. Davis

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and employee silence and examined the mediating role of job engagement and the moderating effect of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Grounded in justice theory, stress research, and the engagement literature, this study found illegitimate tasks to positively predict employee silence and negatively predict job engagement. Significant results were not found for the moderation and mediation analysis of personality traits and job engagement, respectively.

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Acute Salivary Cortisol Response Among Mexican American Adolescents In Immigrant Families, Su Yeong Kim, Minyu Zhang, Katharine H. Zeiders, Lester Sim, Marci E. J. Gleason Jul 2018

Acute Salivary Cortisol Response Among Mexican American Adolescents In Immigrant Families, Su Yeong Kim, Minyu Zhang, Katharine H. Zeiders, Lester Sim, Marci E. J. Gleason

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Objectives: Though previous research has indicated that language brokering can be stressful, the findings are mixed, pointing to potential moderators of the association. Guided by an ecological perspective, we examined the role of individual, family, and environmental factors in Mexican American adolescents’ acute cortisol responses to language brokering. Method: The study consisted of 46 Mexican American adolescents recruited around a metropolitan city in Central Texas. Participants translated a difficult medical document from English to Spanish for their parents, followed by an arithmetic task (modeled after the Trier Social Stress Test [TSST]). Participants’ perceptions (perceived efficacy and parental dependence), parental hostility, …

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Quantifying Errors Of Bias And Discriminability Emitted By Children During A Matching-To-Sample Task, Courtney Hannula Jul 2018

Quantifying Errors Of Bias And Discriminability Emitted By Children During A Matching-To-Sample Task, Courtney Hannula

Theses and Dissertations

Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) make errors during discrimination training regardless of antecedent or consequent procedures implemented to decrease errors. Further, these interventions are not guided by the source of errors. Two equations from Davison and Tustin’s (1978) framework can quantify errors due to bias and discriminability, known as log𝑏 and log𝑑, respectively. This framework categorized errors emitted by children diagnosed with ASD during a matching-to-sample task. The task was displayed on a touchscreen device in which touching a sample stimulus at the beginning of each trial resulted in the appearance of two comparison stimuli. Researchers delivered reinforcement …

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The Perception Of Spontaneous And Volitional Laughter Across 21 Societies, Gregory A. Bryan, Daniel M. Fessler, Riccardo Fusaroli, Edward Clint, Dorsa Amir, Brenda Chavez, Kaleda K. Denton, Cinthya Diaz, Lealaiailoto T. Duran, Jana Fancovicova, Michal Fux, Erni F. Ginting, Youssef Hasan, Anning Hu, Shanmukh V. Kamble, Tatsuya Kameda, Kiri Kuroda, Norman P. Li, Et Al Jul 2018

The Perception Of Spontaneous And Volitional Laughter Across 21 Societies, Gregory A. Bryan, Daniel M. Fessler, Riccardo Fusaroli, Edward Clint, Dorsa Amir, Brenda Chavez, Kaleda K. Denton, Cinthya Diaz, Lealaiailoto T. Duran, Jana Fancovicova, Michal Fux, Erni F. Ginting, Youssef Hasan, Anning Hu, Shanmukh V. Kamble, Tatsuya Kameda, Kiri Kuroda, Norman P. Li, Et Al

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Laughter is a nonverbal vocalization occurring in every known culture, ubiquitous across all forms of human socialinteraction. Here, we examined whether listeners around the world, irrespective of their own native language andculture, can distinguish between spontaneous laughter and volitional laughter—laugh types likely generated by differentvocal-production systems. Using a set of 36 recorded laughs produced by female English speakers in tests involving 884participants from 21 societies across six regions of the world, we asked listeners to determine whether each laugh wasreal or fake, and listeners differentiated between the two laugh types with an accuracy of 56% to 69%. Acoustic analysisrevealed that …

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Distinguishing Adaptation And Adjustment: Effects On Communication And Safety Performance In Dynamic Work Environments, Kayla Lynne Hoelzel Jul 2018

Distinguishing Adaptation And Adjustment: Effects On Communication And Safety Performance In Dynamic Work Environments, Kayla Lynne Hoelzel

Theses and Dissertations

People are different in their capacities in adapting and adjusting to dynamic workplaces. Previous literature lacks the distinction between the two constructs, which results in a lack of understanding in how adaptation and adjustment influence other organizational variables such as performance. In the current study, I first summarize the current literature on these two constructs from a few different fields in psychology, discuss the theoretical distinctions of these two constructs, and propose that they should be defined as separate constructs. Then, I establish construct validities for both concepts by developing nomological networks for both adaptation and adjustment based on the …

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An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts, Shana Renee Fentress Jul 2018

An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts, Shana Renee Fentress

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have noted that children with autism have difficulty generalizing responses to stimuli outside of those used in training. Some studies have analyzed ways to promote generalization such as using concurrent training or using stimuli that would be most similar to those found in the natural environment. Little research, however, has investigated strategies for promoting generalization of action tacts. The current study investigated two different types of stimulus delivery forms: static (i.e., pictures), which are typically used during instruction, and dynamic (i.e., videos), which may provide stimulation closer to that which a child would encounter in a natural setting. Findings …

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Inside And Out: Intrapersonal And Interpersonal Emotion Regulation In Young-Adult Friendships, Samantha Ann Chesney Jul 2018

Inside And Out: Intrapersonal And Interpersonal Emotion Regulation In Young-Adult Friendships, Samantha Ann Chesney

Dissertations (1934 -)

To date, the field of emotion regulation has been held captive by inquiries into processes that unfold at an intrapersonal, or individual, level. As such, experts know a great deal about how individual choices to engage in a particular regulatory strategy are related to psychosocial outcomes. Recently the spotlight for theoretical and empirical attention has shifted to address an inarguable truth: humans are social beings. Research must break from the view of emotion regulation as intrapersonal or interpersonal, instead employing person-centered approaches that represent both levels as an interdependent system. The current study evaluated emotion regulation as a dynamic system …

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Anticipated Therapist Absences: The Therapist’S Lens, Graham Gardner Knowlton Jul 2018

Anticipated Therapist Absences: The Therapist’S Lens, Graham Gardner Knowlton

Dissertations (1934 -)

Over the course of a therapist’s career, absences from work are inevitable. Although therapist absences undoubtedly impact the therapy process, the topic has not received sufficient attention to produce helpful guidelines. Instead, clinicians looking to the literature for recommendations find less in peer-reviewed journals regarding therapist absences than they would if they were to turn to popular media geared toward a client audience (Barchat, 1988). This study sought to begin to remedy this research gap using a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) research design focusing on anticipated therapist absences. Ten therapists with at least two years of experience post-licensure were asked …

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Psychometric Properties Of The Satisfaction With Life Scale Among Arab Americans, Afnan Musaitif Jul 2018

Psychometric Properties Of The Satisfaction With Life Scale Among Arab Americans, Afnan Musaitif

Dissertations (1934 -)

The body of literature on the Arab American population is growing both in breadth and depth. A biopsychosocial perspective has been applied in a review of the research on this population revealing gaps in the area of well-being among Arab Americans. Particularly, few studies have investigated well-being as defined by positive constructs, positive psychology, subjective well-being, or psychological wellbeing. More specifically, measures of these conceptualizations of well-being beyond the deficit model have not been validated among Arab Americans. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of one of the most commonly used subjective well-being instruments, the Satisfaction With Life …

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The Impact Of Violence On The Emerging Development Of Emotion Regulation: The Role Of The Caregiver, Christina Caiozzo Jul 2018

The Impact Of Violence On The Emerging Development Of Emotion Regulation: The Role Of The Caregiver, Christina Caiozzo

Dissertations (1934 -)

Caregivers teach children how to navigate an emotional world (Thompson, 1994), and children’s ability to manage emotional reactions underlies their mental health as well as their social and academic performance (Zeman, Cassano, Perry-Parish, & Stegall, 2006). However, children who experience adverse life events are at risk for impaired development of emotion regulation (Maughan & Cicchetti, 2002). Little is known about how parents of at-risk youth can continue to foster healthy development of emotion regulation for their children. Therefore, the current study aims to identify specific parenting practices that promote adaptive emotion regulation in at-risk preschoolers. Multi-method, multi-informant data were collected …

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Queer And Flourishing: Understanding The Psychosocial Well-Being Of Non-Heterosexual Men, Philip James Cooke Jul 2018

Queer And Flourishing: Understanding The Psychosocial Well-Being Of Non-Heterosexual Men, Philip James Cooke

Dissertations (1934 -)

Non-heterosexual populations often face the additional stress of discrimination, harassment, and social rejection due to their sexual identity. These prejudicial experiences, along with other factors such as internalized homonegativity, negative appraisal of one’s sexual identity, and poor social support, contribute to an increased risk for negative mental health outcomes for sexual minority individuals (King et al., 2008; Meyer, 2003). While much is known about factors predicting psychosocial distress in LGB populations, less is known about the factors that predict psychosocial well-being in this group. The present study investigated the minority stress model’s (Meyer, 1995; 2003) hypothesis that minority stress processes …

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Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Pediatric Brain Volume, Sanam Jivani Lalani Jul 2018

Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Pediatric Brain Volume, Sanam Jivani Lalani

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effects of lesion presence within larger brain networks (e.g., default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and mentalizing network (MN)) in the chronic phase of a pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effect on social function. We compared children with a TBI to children with an orthopedic injury (OI) with three different aims. The first aim was to determine whether network volume differed by group (e.g., TBI vs. OI). Second, investigate if lesion presence in a sub component region of the network resulted in total network volume loss for that network. Finally, learn whether network …

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The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance And Physiological Reactivity, Brodrick Thomas Brown Jul 2018

The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance And Physiological Reactivity, Brodrick Thomas Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the universal nature of stress, and its impact on physical health, it is important to understand how it is related to other psychological variables. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate whether an individual's cardiovascular reactivity to stress is impacted by their level of experiential avoidance, as measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Individuals who are experientially avoidant are more likely to attempt to escape or prevent certain experiences and make effort to change them or avoid the contexts in which they occur. Previous research has indicated that experiential avoidance is related to some …

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16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Males In Marital Therapy, Drema Jane Carpenter Jul 2018

16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Males In Marital Therapy, Drema Jane Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

In the 1960’s-1970’s, the science and history of marital satisfaction was linked to ethnic, religious, and racial similarity. Previous research has administered new psychological and sociological tests, which were believed to predict marital satisfaction. Divorce rates started to rise in the 1980s in the United States. Difficulties surrounding companionate marriage revealed anxieties about the expansion of women’s legal rights, educational and employment opportunities, and interfaith or interracial marriage. Society, views on marriage, and differences between couples have contributed to difficulties in marriage. Further, research on predictors of marital satisfaction, personality similarity, and relationship adjustment was limited. The present study utilizes …

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16pf Couple’S Counseling Report: Gender Differences In Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Couples In Marital Therapy, Catherine Amelia Mullis Jul 2018

16pf Couple’S Counseling Report: Gender Differences In Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Couples In Marital Therapy, Catherine Amelia Mullis

Theses and Dissertations

The present study uses the16 Personality Factor Couple’s Counseling Report (16PF-CCR) to contribute to the current limited understanding of how gender differences, embedded in personality factors, influence marital satisfaction and relationship adjustment. Results were derived from 80 heterosexual couples (160 individuals) seeking marital counseling in a private practice setting. Statistically significant gender differences were found in Primary Personality Factors including Warmth, Sensitivity, Rule-consciousness, Privateness, Emotional Stability, and Tension. Statistical significant gender differences were observed within Global Personality Factors. Toughmindedness, most closely related to the Openness component of the Five Factor Model of Personality, accounted for a substantial amount of the …

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