Psychology Commons^™

Latter-Day Saint Religious Media And Perfectionsim

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Links between exposure to religious media and perfectionism were investigated in 121 Latter-day Saint (LDS), Brigham Young University students. Random assignment was given to view an LDS religious video or no video, after which participants filled out a questionnaire assessing the effects of LDS media on perfectionism. The 35- item Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) scored students’ perfectionism. Our hypothesis, that viewing an LDS religious video would increase adaptive perfectionism scores and decrease maladaptive scores, was not supported. However, a post-hoc analysis showed a significant interaction effect between gender and video exposure among single participants. Unmarried males had lower perfectionism …

Notetaking And Recall Of Auditory And Visual Information: A Pilot Study

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Does notetaking affect performance on recall tests? Past research has generally found that notetaking improves performance, but all of these studies have focused on recall of auditory information. The current study was intended as a pilot study to examine the effect of notetaking method on both immediate and delayed recall, as well as both audio and visual recall. Eighteen undergraduate psychology students in the same psychology class at a major, private university watched a 5-minute video clip and then immediately completed a 29-question test. When tested 48 hours later, participants completed a similar 29-question test. Though no significant statistical results …

The Rise Of Single-Child Families: Psychologically Harming The Child?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The number of single-child families continues to increase yearly due to financial burdens, social contexts, and even governmental restraints (Wong, 2005). While having only one child might be easier financially (Griffin, 2002), what are the psychological costs of single-child families in relation to an only-child? This literature review explains how despite only-children typically being more creative and intellectual, many problems surface due to having no siblings. It is generally found that only-children lack social and emotional ability because of not having siblings with which to interact. Only-children also tend to experience increased parental pressure. These problems typically last throughout an …

Interview With Current Graduate Students

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Drinking Motives And Alcohol Use: The Serve Study Of U.S. Current And Former Service Members, Cynthia D. Mohr, Cameron T. Mccabe, Sarah N. Haverly, Leslie B. Hammer, Kathleen F. Carlson

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Hazardous drinking in the armed forces is a signifi cant problem. Alcohol use motivations, known risk factors for problem drinking, have been underexplored in this population. Our study extends knowledge about drinking motives among current and former U.S. service members and provides recommendations on their utility in identifying alcohol-related problems by examining the factor structure of multidimensional drinking motives and their association to alcohol use.

Method: Post-9/11 separated service members and current reservists were recruited from 35 Oregon employers to participate in a workplace study of supervisor support. The resulting sample (N = 509; 84% male; mean age = …

The Influence Of Personal Threat, Personal Loss, Age, Practice Characteristics, And Death Education On Counselors' Death Anxiety And Death Acceptance, Michael Morad-Mccoy

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

A sample of 234 professional counselors were surveyed to investigate factors that affect professional counselors’ levels of death anxiety and death acceptance were investigated. Factors included personal experiences of mortality (personal threat), experiences of bereavement (grief), hours working with clients presenting death, dying, and bereavement (DDB) issues (client hours), numbers of clients who have died (client death), age, and hours of formal death education (death education). The measures of death anxiety and death acceptance were participants’ scores on the Death Attitudes Profile—Revised.

Analysis of the results found a significant negative relationship between client hours and death anxiety measures and a …

Parental Autonomy Granting And School Functioning Among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role Of Adolescents’ Cultural Values, Cixin Wang, Kieu Anh Do, Leiping Bao, Yan Ruth Xia, Chaorong Wu

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

School adjustment and achievement are important indicators of adolescents’ wellbeing; however, few studies have examined the risk and protective factors predicting students’ school adjustment and achievement at the individual, familial, and cultural level. The present study examined the influences of individual and familial factors and cultural values on Chinese adolescents’ school functioning (e.g., school adjustment and grades). It also tested whether cultural values moderated the relationship between parenting and adolescents’ school functioning. Self-report data were collected from a stratified random sample of 2,864 adolescents (51.5% female, mean age = 15.52 years, grade 6th–12th) from 55 classrooms, in 13 schools in …

Watts Teaches About Social Responsibility And Leadership, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

“When I was an undergraduate, I kept ip- opping back and forth between being a business major and being a psychology major. Then I took a class on giving people psychological assessments to help them identify what their strengths are and what careers they might be a good fit for. It was in that class that I first heard of industrial/organizational psychology.” This is how Dr. Logan Watts explains how he chose to become a psychologist.

A native of Georgetown, Texas, he obtained his doctorate in industrial/organizational psychology from the University of Oklahoma, and today he is an assistant professor …

A Measure Of Perceived Chronic Social Adversity: Development And Validation, Jingqiu Zhang, Cody Ding, Yunglung Tang, Chunyu Zhang, Dong Yang

Education Sciences and Professional Programs Faculty Works

The goal of this study was to develop a measure that assesses negative daily social encounters. Specifically, we examined the concept of perceived chronic social adversity and its assessment, the Perceived Chronic Social Adversity Questionnaire (PCSAQ). The PCSAQ focused on the subjective processing of daily social experiences. Psychometric properties were examined within two non-clinical samples (N = 331 and N = 390) and one clinical sample (N = 86). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model of the PCSAQ, which corresponds to three types of daily social stressors. The final 28-item PCSAQ was shown to be internally consistent, …

Psychological Distress And Adjustment In College Students, Donovan A. Miles

Theses and Dissertations

The mental health needs of college students have risen dramatically. According to Kitzrow (2003), an estimated 84% of students who walked into a school counseling centers show significant causes for concern. These students were at high risks because of a variety of psychological distress. The current study sought to understand the multidimensional impact of mental health concerns on students' academic adjustment. Undergraduate students from a northeast public university completed an online survey that comprised of demographic information and two Likert type scales that measured psychological distress and academic adjustment. Results indicated that depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and eating concerns …

The Effects Of Exercise On Mental Health: A Research Review, Kaylani Benson

Honors College Theses

This research review looks at the effects exercise and physical activity have on mental health. The results of this review are based upon the results of the formal studies that have been included. These studies are Benefits of Exercise on Physical and Mental Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Exercise Effects on Mental Health of Preschool Children, The Effect of Morning Exercise on Mental Health of Female Police Employees, Exercise and Mental Health of People Living with HIV: A Systemic Review, Exercise Improves Physical Function and Mental Health of Brain Cancer Survivors: Two Exploratory Case Studies, Effect of Yogic and Physical …

A Textbook Citation Analysis Of Who’S Who In The History Of Psychology, Brandon Akers

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Problem Construction In Creative Production, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper provides an overview of theory and research regarding problem construction and identification. Specifically, the paper reviews a theoretical model of processes associated with problem construction and empirical evidence in relation to the model. Finally, the paper reviews the literature on team problem construction.

Pristine Inner Experience And Descriptive Experience Sampling: Implications For Psychology, Leiszle R. Lapping-Carr, Christopher L. Heavey

Psychology Faculty Research

Pristine inner experience is that which is directly present in awareness before it is distorted by attempts at observation or interpretation. Many psychological methods, including most introspective methods, attempt to measure some aspect of pristine inner experience (thoughts, feelings, mental imagery, sensations, etc.). We believe, however, that these methods produce unspecifiable combinations of pristine inner experience, beliefs about the self, beliefs about what inner experience should be like, inaccurate recollections, miscommunications, and other confounding influences. We argue that descriptive experience sampling (DES) can produce high fidelity descriptions of pristine inner experience. These descriptions are used to create idiographic profiles, carefully …

10.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Botox Injections On Cognitive-Emotional Experience

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Emotional experience is a complex neurological process highly dependent on the ability to express emotion behaviorally. Facial expression, specifically, plays a critical role in interpreting others’ emotions and responding appropriately. This review examines the current literature about the impact of botox injections on emotional experience, including recognition and empathy. Results show that botox may severely limit cognitive-emotional responses to others’ emotions, especially stronger emotions such as anger. This leads to the conclusion that botox injections may inhibit emotional connections to others.

Music Therapy For Intimate Partner Abuse

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Intimate partner abuse (IPA) affects as many as 1.5 million U.S. women annually. The most notable psychological effects include depression and stress. Related effects of stress include anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women with a history of IPA may experience impaired physical health as well. Treatments for these symptoms often have harmful side effects. Music therapy is an option for many victims, given its positive effects on stress and anxiety. Despite the deep connection between stress and depression, there is little published research on the effects of music therapy on depression. Thus providing an incentive for further research in …

Brainwaves And Nuerofeedback: Understanding And Treating Brain Dysregulation In Adhd

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical signals which can be measured as wave-like patterns. The brain typically uses cues from the environment to regulate these brainwave patterns. Yet overly dominant or other dysfunctional patterns may produce brainwave dysregulation and accompanying behavioral problems. Brainwave dysregulation is detected through indications of abnormal brainwave ratios as measured by EEG equipment. Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that allows individuals to change deregulated brainwave rhythms (biofeedback is a type of alternative medicine that trains patients to regulate internal processes using operant conditioning). Neurofeedback has proven to be an effective treatment for those with …

The Promotion Of Adolescent Problem Drinking Through Social Attitudes And Pressures

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

About 80% of adolescents in the United States are experimenting with alcohol by age 15 (Davies, 2012). A major factor in this rate of alcohol use can be explained by adolescent’s propensity for learning from their environment (Tomilson & Brown, 2012). Unfortunately, the current social climate teenagers are experiencing could be promoting alcohol involvement (Coker & Borders, 2001). This review examines the impact of several social attitudes and pressures contributing to adolescent problem drinking. Further understanding of these factors may be valuable to parents and professionals aiming to prevent the development of problem adolescent drinking behaviors.

The Development Of A Rating Scale For Humor Sensitivity

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Humor therapy has been growing in popularity in recent years and is now widely accepted as a viable method of therapy. This increase in popularity has brought the need to measure individual sensitivity to humor in order to predict whether prospective clients would be a good fit for humor therapy. The Humor Sensitivity Scale (HSS) contains 10 items specific to two domains: physical manifestations and cognitive appeal. Factor analysis of scale results identified a third factor, namely, social facilitation. Although Cronbach’s alpha ( α=.68) was significant, this was explained by the low content-validity ratio (CVR) of two of the scale …

Emotions In Conflict Resolution: A New Model Of Constructive Conflict

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Conflict is basic to living, and emotion is fundamental to the emergence and resolution of conflict. Early theoretical approaches to emotion described it in terms of physiological states, but more recent research points to its connection to cognitive appraisal and goal progress. Specifically, emotion is characterized as mediating between cognition and behavior. This review identifies shortcomings of the “emotion as a mediator” approach, including its overemphasis on negative emotions as well as its failure to consider the complicated role of human agency. A new model is proposed that incorporates constrained agency, positive emotion, and cognitive appraisal as components of a …

The Differential Effectiveness Of Survey Recruiting Methods

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Participant recruitment in survey research is an essential part of many research studies, especially those conducted in academic settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the current, most-effective methods of recruitment. We used four methods to administer the same survey. They included the traditional methods of classroom presentation and face-to-face recruitment using fliers, and the more recent methods of mass e-mails to class lists and social-network mass messaging. We analyzed the data using a chi-square test to compare and determine the most effective method of recruitment. We found that recruitment through the social-networking site Facebook was the most …

Exercise, Brain Plasticity, And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Physical exercise influences neurobiological processes and cognitive abilities. For example, it increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein responsible for maintaining synaptic connections as well as neuronal development, growth, and survival. The increase of BDNF promotes brain plasticity and has been shown to aid recovery from brain injuries, as well as to improve cognitive function in older adults. Recent studies with well-exercised rats showed strong, positive correlations between BDNF levels, cognitive performance in maze tasks, and recovery from fluid-percussion injuries to the hippocampus. Currently researchers are focusing on whether exercise prevents neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and …

Later-Life Hoarders: Clinical Symptomatic Progression And Multi-Faceted Clinical Interventions

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The age at onset and the clinical symptomatic progression of hoarding behaviors through successive decades are important factors in concerting appropriate interventions for later-life hoarders. The onset of hoarding begins at an early age, progresses in severity with each season of life, and has serious personal and social consequences. If left unimpeded, hoarders’ lives often become sufficiently maladjusted to require professional interventions, which should be multi-faceted to relieve symptoms more successfully and resolve underlying emotional issues for later-life hoarders. Multi-faceted interventions may play a key role in countering chronic hoarding behaviors and related personal dysfunction in older individuals.

Front Matter 10.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Where Have All The Young Adults Gone?, Pivot Nw Research

Blog

No abstract provided.

The Power Of Discomfort In Learning Abroad, Alexis Barge

Capstone Collection

Currently, the majority of students who study abroad do so through short-term programs. In fact, in 2015 over 60% of students who studied abroad chose short-term programs lasting eight weeks or less (IIE, 2016). It has long been the belief that study abroad has the potential to be a life-changing and transformative experience, not just academically but also for personal growth and development. Many professionals agree that the students who go abroad on short-term study abroad programs are significantly less likely to experience meaningful learning outside of the subject matter they are studying, and are less likely to experience personal …

Creative Self-Efficacy As Mediator Between Creative Mindsets And Creative Problem-Solving, Ryan Royston, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

An emerging area of research is how one's mindset regarding the fixedness and malleability of creative ability relates to creative performance. Malleable creative mindsets tend to be positively related to creativity while fixed mindsets often show a negative association. Similarly, creative self-efficacy, or one's beliefs that they have the capacity to be creative, is also related to creative performance and creative mindsets. While previous studies tested the direct relationship between mindsets and creativity, this study tested creative self-efficacy in this relationship. A total of 152 students from a Midwestern university participated in the study. They were provided with measures of …

A Comparison Of The Social-Adaptive Perspective And Functionalist Perspective On Guilt And Shame, Heidi L. Dempsey

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Within the field of guilt and shame two competing perspectives have been advanced. The first, the social-adaptive perspective, proposes that guilt is an inherently adaptive emotion and shame is an inherently maladaptive emotion. Thus, those interested in moral character development and psychopathology should work to increase an individual’s guilt-proneness and decrease an individual’s shame-proneness. The functionalist perspective, in contrast, argues that both guilt and shame can serve a person adaptively or maladaptively—depending on the situational appropriateness, duration, intensity, and so forth. This paper reviews the research conducted supporting both positions; critiques some issues with the most widely used guilt- and …

Self-Esteem In Spanish-Speaking Latinos In Northwest Ohio, Mckenna Freeman

Honors Projects

Self-esteem is a widely-studied construct across many disciplines of social science. However, previous research regarding self-esteem and language barriers has focused primarily on children and adolescent populations, while much less research has examined this relationship among adults. The current study measures linguistic acculturation and self-esteem in both Latino and control adult samples. Hypothesis 1 states that participants in the Latino sample would report significantly lower self-esteem than the control sample. Hypothesis 2 states that linguistic acculturation levels in Spanish speaking Latinos would be positively correlated with self-esteem. Finally, a research question was addressed measuring the differences in self-esteem between foreign …