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2017

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Articles 421 - 450 of 3660

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Family Life As Context For Adolescent Moral Development Oct 2017

Family Life As Context For Adolescent Moral Development

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Adolescence (ages 12-19) is foundational for adulthood. Many changes occur during adolescence preparing adolescents for adult life. Some of these changes include physical changes accompanying puberty, cognitive changes, and social changes like spending less time with family and more time with peers.Adolescents' social shift away from family has raised questions on how much influence parents have on their teens. Researchers found parents have an influence on their teens, particularly on teens' moral development. Different parenting styles (Baumrind, 1966 ), family structures (two-parent vs. single-parent vs. adoptive parents, etc.), and levels of family cohesiveness play roles in adolescents' moral development. This …

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The Effects Of Shyness On Scholastic Experience A Review Of The Literature Oct 2017

The Effects Of Shyness On Scholastic Experience A Review Of The Literature

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Shyness can affect adjustment into school, teacher-student relationships, and scholastic achievement. Ibis literature review covers several studies published in the past 10 years on the effects of shyness and introversion on scholastic experience. Research implies that shy students have a more difficult time adjusting to new environments and school settings than their non-shy peers. Most research indicates that teacher-student relationships are weaker when students are shy, and that teachers are more likely to underestimate introverted students' academic abilities. Whereas shy students perform well on group tests, they often perform significantly below average on individually administered tests. Further research should be …

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Characteristics Of Exercise That Influence Emotional Health Type, Intensity, And Duration Oct 2017

Characteristics Of Exercise That Influence Emotional Health Type, Intensity, And Duration

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The importance of exercise in molding a healthy mind, body, and emotional perception has been well established in scientific research. A review of the recent literature examining type, intensity, and duration of exercise illustrates how to achieve the best emotional results. Because exercise is not naturally built in to the modern lifestyle, people need to make concerted effort to exercise in order to better deal with stress and experience positive emotions. Studies indicate that both animals and humans are better able to cope with stressors when able to voluntary exercise. However, not all exercise is alike. Aerobic exercise appears to …

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Caging The Ill The Mental Health Crisis In The U.S. Prisons And Jails Oct 2017

Caging The Ill The Mental Health Crisis In The U.S. Prisons And Jails

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The U.S. criminal justice system contains many people with mental illness. In fact, the lack of mental health institutions has, in part, converted prisons and jails into detainment facilities for the mentally ill. Yet prisons and jails are ill-equipped to handle these individuals. Additionally, prisons and jails foster an unstable environment for the mentally ill that can ultimately result in harm to themselves and others. A viable alternative for mentally ill offenders is the use of mental health courts. These courts provide professional treatment, supervision, training, and disciplinary proceedings that reduce recidivism, promote rehabilitation, and incur fewer financial costs. The …

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Patient Suicide And Its Impact On The Therapist Oct 2017

Patient Suicide And Its Impact On The Therapist

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Patient suicide is shown to have a substantial impact on therapists' personal and professional lives. Although various populations are affected differently, psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health social workers may experience intense emotions, such as depression, trauma, anger, and guilt after patient suicide. This literature review will explore the effects of patient suicide on both the personal and professional life of therapists, as well as identify methods of "postvention" that have been shown to be most helpful far the therapist. After experiencing patient suicide, therapists often gain a greater awareness of future patients' well-being and may change the way they practice. …

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The Benefits And Implications Of Birth Order Position Oct 2017

The Benefits And Implications Of Birth Order Position

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This literature review examines the implications and benefits of birth order position on the child. Depending upon position, somewhat predictable differences are likely in expectations, responsibilities, opportunities, nurturing and the like. Consequently, birth order affects the child's peer relationships and the child's self-esteem. Children without siblings have difficulty relating with their peers throughout their lives and have relatively higher self-esteem. Firstborn children strive towards perfection and report higher self-esteem. This tendency may impact peer relationships negatively, except when in a position of power. Middle-born children have relatively good relationships with their peers and lower self-esteem. Last born children tend to …

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Adjustment Outcomes Of Divorce For Young Children And Adolescents Oct 2017

Adjustment Outcomes Of Divorce For Young Children And Adolescents

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The pervasiveness of divorce attracts the attention of researchers in many fields. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize and synthesize major themes regarding the adjustment outcomes (the process and outcomes of adaptation to new circumstances) of divorce from current psychological literature. These themes are divided into two distinct age groups far contrast and comparison: young children and adolescents. Review and analysis of the literature revealed unique internalized and externalized outcomes far each age group. Young children showed an ability to comprehend but not cope with problems and an inability to deal with affect, which most often leads …

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Twenty-One And Single!?: Marriage Desperation Among Single Byu Students Oct 2017

Twenty-One And Single!?: Marriage Desperation Among Single Byu Students

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Getting married at an early age is a social norm far members of the Latter-day Saint (LDS) faith. To our knowledge there are no published studies of marriage desperation in that culture. The goal of our study was to develop an instrument for reliably and validly measuring marriage desperation, which we operationally defined as the frequency of contemplating marriage as well as other actions likely to result in getting married. The Marriage Desperation Scale (MDS) consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The MDS was administered to a convenience sample of 166 single LDS participants via an …

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Front Matter 9.1 Oct 2017

Front Matter 9.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Full Journal 2.1 Oct 2017

Full Journal 2.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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End Matter 2.1 Oct 2017

End Matter 2.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Evidence-Based Practice Movements In Psychology: Empirically Supported Treatments, Common Factors, And Objective Methodological Pluralism Oct 2017

Evidence-Based Practice Movements In Psychology: Empirically Supported Treatments, Common Factors, And Objective Methodological Pluralism

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The empirically supported treatment and common-factors rnovements each offer a .framework for evidence-based practice. However, neither framework is sufficiently objective or inclusive; rather, they are based on unexamined conceptions of evidence that commit pre-investigatory biases against certain types of methods and practices. An EST framework is built upon unexamined medical-model assumptions of evidence that are biased toward specific treatments based on randomized controlled (or clinical) trials (RCTs}; thus, it fails to consider viable non-medical-model research methods and types of practice. Analogously, the common-factors movement, which has influenced a recent American Psychological Association (APA) policy on evidence-based practice, is built upon …

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Retrograde Amnestic Symptoms From Witnessing A Traumatic Event Oct 2017

Retrograde Amnestic Symptoms From Witnessing A Traumatic Event

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

According to Loftus and Burns (I 982), retrograde amnesia can result from witnessing a traumatic event. In this experiment, two groups of participants were surveyed after a brief presentation. One group witnessed a mildly traumatic event in the presentation and one did not. Both groups were then asked to recall information from the presentation. Compared with the non-trauma group, significantly fewer participants in the trauma group recalled information from the presentation (66.6% vs. 21.8%; chi-square test significant at the 0.001 level), supporting our hypothesis that witnessing tl mildly traumatic event may result in retrograde amnestic symptoms.

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The Influence Of Perceived Parenting Styles On The Degree Of Adult Children's Allocation Of Punishment Oct 2017

The Influence Of Perceived Parenting Styles On The Degree Of Adult Children's Allocation Of Punishment

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Though extensive research has been done investigating parenting styles and the influence that those styles have on children (e.g., Baumrid, 1971; Buri, 1991; Lamborn, Mounts, Steinberg, & Dornbusch, 1991), the influence of parents and their parenting styles 011 their adult children's assignment of punishment has not been thoroughly examined. To illustrate this relationship, research was conducted measuring the degree and type of punishment that 84 adult participants would allocate for both civic and household offenses. level of punishment was compared with the perceived parenting styles of the respondents' parents, as measured by Buris (I 991) Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The …

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The Effects Of Semantic Relationships On The Irrelevant Sound Effect Oct 2017

The Effects Of Semantic Relationships On The Irrelevant Sound Effect

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This study investigated whether the degree of semantic relationship between audible distracter words and visually displayed to-be-remembered words impact short-term memory recall. Semantic relationship was defined as the level of synonymity between the two categories of words. Participants were divided into a control group receiving no distracter, a group in which distracter words and to-be-remembered words were closely synonymous, and a group in which distracter words and to-be-remembered words were loosely synonymous. The results indicate that semantic relationships have no impact on the number of words correctly recalled However, closely synonymous relationships caused more replacement errors than silence or loosely …

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Tokenism In Non-Native English Speakers: Does It Affect Their English Testing Abilities? Oct 2017

Tokenism In Non-Native English Speakers: Does It Affect Their English Testing Abilities?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This study was conducted with 16 international non-native English speaking undergraduate students to examine the impact of tokenism on such students' test-taking performance. The students were divided into two testing conditions. The experimental group was given a modified GRE verbal ability test in a room with three native English speaking confederates. The control group was given the same test in the presence of fellow international students. The purpose was to compare test results of the two groups, taking into account participants' TOEFL scores, age, and length of stay in the United States. A significant difference was found between the experimental …

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Publishing In Psychology: An Overview For Undergraduate Students Oct 2017

Publishing In Psychology: An Overview For Undergraduate Students

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This article relies on the expertise of current and former journal editors in order to introduce undergraduate students to important issues relating to publishing in academic psychology journals. These experts have stressed the need for psychology researchers to submit manuscripts that meaningfully contribute to the discipline and are situated within the context of previous research. The importance for undergraduate students of seeking coauthorships with faculty and becoming familiar with appropriate writing style and submission guidelines of the different psychology journals is also stressed. An appendix is included with a List of publication helps for undergraduate psychology students.

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An Interview With Dr. Allen Bergin Oct 2017

An Interview With Dr. Allen Bergin

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Dr. Allen Bergin, a BYU emeritus professor, was one of the most eminent members of the BYU Department of Psychology. His influence can be seen throughout the discipline of psychology. Dr. Bergin came as a professor to BYU from Columbia University in 1972. Some of his best-known works include the article "Psychotherapy and Religious Values" (1980) and the Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (coeditor, 1971- 2003). The foffowing interview took place via e-mail during June 2006.

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Front Matter 2.1 Oct 2017

Front Matter 2.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Need To Be Apart In An Inclusive Educational Setting, Zenaida Muslin Oct 2017

The Need To Be Apart In An Inclusive Educational Setting, Zenaida Muslin

Occasional Paper Series

This paper illustrates the need for direct acknowledgement and support of children and faculty of color in inclusive educational settings. Muslin recounts her experiences at many different schools and how each offered a new perspective on diversity. The most profound impacts she has made in her community stem from her work at Bank Street School for Children, where she and her fellow faculty recognized the importance of having separate meetings and focus groups devoted to the concerns of people of color within the institution.

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Conversations With Children About Death, Molly Sexton-Reade Oct 2017

Conversations With Children About Death, Molly Sexton-Reade

Occasional Paper Series

This paper emphasizes the need for conversations around death in the classroom. Today's children are exposed to information about death through a wide variety of media. Teachers have a responsibility to provide opportunities for children to process this information in ways that are developmentally appropriate - acknowledging children's "magical thinking" as well as experiences children may have surrounding death.

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Wouldn't It Be Cool If Everyone Turned Out To Be Blue? Building A Curriculum About Sexual Orientation For Nine- And Ten-Year-Olds, Stephanie Nelson Oct 2017

Wouldn't It Be Cool If Everyone Turned Out To Be Blue? Building A Curriculum About Sexual Orientation For Nine- And Ten-Year-Olds, Stephanie Nelson

Occasional Paper Series

Nelson draws upon her experiences as an elementary school teacher to discuss ways in which sexual orientation can be addressed through curriculum. Aspects of the curriculum implemented in the Bank Street School for Children included "Gay Talks", read alouds, debates, and discussions about civil rights and how they relate to the LGBTQ community.

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Performing Gender In The Elementary Classroom, Gail Masuchika Boldt Oct 2017

Performing Gender In The Elementary Classroom, Gail Masuchika Boldt

Occasional Paper Series

This paper raises questions about teachers’ interventions into children’s exchanges around gender in elementary classrooms. Masuchika Boldt argues that gender is ever-present in the classroom and children are constantly making assertions about the meaning of gender and the authenticity of their own and others’ gender performances. She speaks to the question, “If a teacher does interpret this exchange as being at least in part about gender, what, if any, response is called for?”

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Introduction: Talking Tough Topics In The Classroom, Jonathan G. Silin Oct 2017

Introduction: Talking Tough Topics In The Classroom, Jonathan G. Silin

Occasional Paper Series

An introduction to this Occasional Paper, in which four educators describe their approaches to tough topics in the classroom—gender, sexual identity, death, and diversity. Despite differing subject matter, the essays have much in common from which we can learn. An important commonality is the involvement of at least three kinds of learning— cognitive, emotional, and social.

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Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Episodic Drinkers: Protocol And Preliminary Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial., Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan Oct 2017

Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Episodic Drinkers: Protocol And Preliminary Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial., Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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Racial Attitudes Among Asian And European American College Students: A Cross-Cultural Examination., Timothy B. Smith, Raquel Bowman, Sungti Hsu Oct 2017

Racial Attitudes Among Asian And European American College Students: A Cross-Cultural Examination., Timothy B. Smith, Raquel Bowman, Sungti Hsu

Faculty Publications

College campuses are becoming increasingly racially diverse and may provide an optimal setting for the reduction of racial stereotypes and prejudices perpetuated in society. To better understand racism among college students, this study evaluated the attitudes of Asian and White European Americans toward several racial out-groups. Participants completed a survey containing the Social Distance Scale, and differences between participants' ratings of their own race were contrasted with their ratings of other races. Findings revealed strong preferences for social affiliations with members of their same racial background, with attitudes towards out-groups differing as a function of the race of the participant. …

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Client Outcomes Across Counselor Training Level Within A Multitiered Supervision Model, Scott J. Nyman, Mark A. Nafziger, Timothy B. Smith Oct 2017

Client Outcomes Across Counselor Training Level Within A Multitiered Supervision Model, Scott J. Nyman, Mark A. Nafziger, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

The authors examined client outcome data to evaluate treatment effectiveness across counselor training level. They used a multitiered supervision model consisting of professional staff, interns, and practicum students. Clients (N = 264) demonstrated significant improvement with no significant outcome differences between professional staff and supervised trainees. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

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Learning To Keep My Heart Open, Marika Paez Oct 2017

Learning To Keep My Heart Open, Marika Paez

Occasional Paper Series

Paez's first year of teaching was a great challenge, but she recalls one moment when her second-grade class helped her learn that the job of a teacher requires much more than to be an organized dispenser of curriculum or an efficient manager of individuals. Rather, it requires being a person who can stay in the moment, listen carefully, respond authentically, and thoughtfully guide students closer to becoming their own best selves.

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Empathy And Its Effect On Religious Opinion Regarding Homosexuality, Melissa Borah Oct 2017

Empathy And Its Effect On Religious Opinion Regarding Homosexuality, Melissa Borah

The Eastern Illinois University Political Science Review

This article examines shifts in opinion, and the reasoning behind these shifts, among Christian-identified Americans regarding their views of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. After conducting interviews with several Christian-identified Americans, the author finds that when a family member or close friend “comes out” as LGBT, individuals are more likely to change their opinion of those who identify as LGBT, and their change in opinion is more likely to be dramatic. Moreover, the author finds that empathy is the most powerful factor that facilitates an individual’s change in opinion.

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Internet-Based Survey Methods In Aviation-Related Research, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter, Shawn Doherty, Mattie Milner Oct 2017

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Internet-Based Survey Methods In Aviation-Related Research, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter, Shawn Doherty, Mattie Milner

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Within the last decade, numerous online populations, such as SurveyMonkey ® and Amazon’s ® Mechanical Turk ®(MTurk), have been established allowing researchers to gather data involving diverse populations. These resources offer an alternative to traditional laboratory settings hosted at universities, where many studies utilize students as the available and accessible population. While these online portals do provide new opportunities, they also contain unique advantages and disadvantages. This paper synthesizes the advantages and disadvantages of using online populations to conduct research in the aviation field. Some of the advantages are: easier access to new populations, larger sample sizes, more balanced …

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