Psychology Commons^™

Retesting In A Promotional Process: Amount Of Time Between Tests Accounting For Magnitude Of Score Increases, Sydney L. Reichin, Mark C. Frame, Alexander T. Jackson, Michael Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

There are many reasons why an applicant may retake a selection test, whether it’s due to reasons outside of their control or perhaps their first test administration was unsuccessful. Research has shown that scores generally increase when applicants retake a test. However, research on situational judgment tests and in-basket simulations have been overshadowed by research on admissions tests, cognitive ability tests, and personality tests. Further, much research has focused on retesting effects during the initial selection process, but the current research aims to shed light on retesting effects during the promotional process. The literature shows conflicting findings regarding time between …

Developing A Conditional Reasoning Test For Impression Management, Kirsten Montanari, Devon Hickman, Thomas Skora, Yalcin Acikgoz, Yonca Toker

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Individuals engage in impression management behaviors in most social situations. However, one of the most prone settings to impression management is the work context. Even though the extent to which an individual performs impression management behaviors is influenced by situational factors, it is also plausible that there is a dispositional component involved, as some people are more likely to engage in impression management behaviors than others. Therefore, it is important to be able to measure the extent to which individuals are likely to engage in impression management. In this study, an innovative approach to the measurement of impression management is …

Recruitment Source Usage And Decision-Making Styles: An Examination Of The Individual Differences Hypothesis, Danielle Reagan, Liam Nield, Yalcin Acikgoz

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The individual differences hypothesis suggests that individuals with varying characteristics are attracted to different recruitment sources, which leads to differences in relative effectiveness of recruitment sources. In our study, we will examine the recruitment sources participants use and their decision-making styles to investigate whether there is a relationship between decision-making styles and the sources used when job searching. Though research has been conducted on employees’ performance differences and recruitment sources, these studies generally use the source which employees were hired through, and assume employees prefer that source. Due to the possibility of multiple sources being used, this could be inaccurate. …

Promotion Recommendations Of All Sizes, Jeanette Badar, Judith Van Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This study investigates weight stereotypes on promotion decisions. Previous research has focused on obesity stereotypes in the workplace regarding weight discrimination, when comparing average weight individuals to overweight and/or obese individuals. However, research has not investigated weight discrimination in the workplace setting for very thin individuals as compared to overweight individuals. Additionally, very little research has been conducted regarding weight discrimination on promotion decision-making. Based on previous research, this study hypothesizes: (1) Overweight promotional candidates will be discriminated against at a higher rate than thin promotional candidates; (2) Based on the similarity-attraction theory, thin individuals will be more likely to …

Self-Assessments Of Decision Making Under Stress In A Flight Operations Center Simulation, Jessi Pope, Dr. Michael Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Past research has demonstrated individuals’ lack the ability to accurately self-assess their competencies in comparison to external assessments (Davis et al., 2006). Other research has explored various factors that contribute to individuals being able to adequately predict their performance on a task, such as self-concept, prior task experience, and actual task performance (Davis, Fedor, Parsons, & Herold, 2000). The aim of this research is to examine the impact of participation in a flight operations center simulation on individuals’ self-perceptions of their ability to make decisions under stress. Prior to and after participating in three simulations, where teams of senior aerospace …

Consistency Is Key: Intercollegiate Athlete Perceptions Of The Justice Of Team Disciplinary Decisions, Justin M. Jones M.S. Candidate, Elizabeth L. Shoenfelt Ph.D.

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Discipline and, how it is perceived, is of great consequence to organizations. Importantly, how disciplinary decisions are determined and carried out can influence the attitudes, behavior, and emotions of organizational members both positively and negatively (Ball, Trevino, & Sims, 1992). Although there is a dearth of research investigating the perceptions of those receiving punishment, it is equally important to understand the perceptions of those observing the disciplinary process. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of justice involving disciplinary decisions in an intercollegiate team sport setting. Male and female intercollegiate athletes (N = 204) provided open ended responses …

An Examination Of Common Strategies To Improve Intergroup Relations And Minority Group Members’ Perceptions Of Group Social Standing And Individual Power, Marie Carroll

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

With few exceptions, the research examining perspective taking and empathy as intergroup relation strategies has focused on the benefits of each strategy on members of the majority group (Vorauer & Quesnel, 2016). However, when researchers have included measures to examine the effects of these intergroup relation strategies on minority group members, they have only focused on how enjoyable the experience was for the target and if they experienced happiness as a result of the experience (e.g., Vorauer, Martens, & Sasaki, 2009) For instance, Todd, Bodenhausen, Richeson, and Galinsky (2011) found that Black participants experienced increased intergroup positivity with White participants …

The Ultimate Culture Change Learning Session, Tim Kuppler

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Awareness of the importance of culture is growing at a fast rate but there is no consistent understanding about how to effectively evolve culture with a direct and sustainable impact on performance. This awareness-understanding gap helps to explain why most organizations report they don’t understand their culture and believe change is needed. Culture crises (Uber, etc.) gain widespread exposure and superficial tips and keys dominate the popular press. Leaders and change agents often feel lost in the wilderness as they try to piece together improvements that will impact culture. This will likely be the most performance-focused culture educational session you …

Volume 10.2

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter 10.2

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Depression

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Depression goes untreated at high rates due to a variety of treatment barriers. Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT) provides an alternative to face-to-face therapy that addresses those treatment barriers t, reducing the cost of therapy, moving the location of therapy to the participants' homes, and providing therapy for those who cannot be seen by a therapist due to excess demand for therapy. Although much research has been done showing CCBT's effectiveness, there is a lack of literature describing the actual implementation of computerized therapy. This review outlines the integration of CCBT into therapeutic practice, including what factors determine its effectiveness. …

Diet Modifications To Treat Depression: A Potential Supplement To Pharmacological Medications

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Pharmacological drugs have become generally accepted as the primary form of treatment for depression, but simple modifications to diet should be another option taken into consideration. Antidepressant drugs are often expensive and have negative side effects, but some dietary supplements and or changes in diet are less of a financial burden and less physically detrimental. In studies of the role diet plays in depression, specific nutrients have been identified, including omega-3 lipids, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, and tryptophan, which shows particular promise in the treatment of depression. Although combinations of nutrients or treatments could negatively interact, further research could identify …

Measuring A New Demographic: The Swag Inventory 2012

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The new prevalence of the social phenomenon of "swag" merits attention from psychological researchers. The published literature currently addresses related constructs, such as arrogance, narcissism, and male body image, but there are no existing studies that specifically deal with swag. We operationally defined swag as "arrogance rooted in physical appearance" and developed the Swag Inventory 2012 (SI). We hypothesized that the SI would be a reliable and valid measure of swag in college-aged men. Thirty items were constructed on a 5-point Likert scale and rated for content validity by a panel of undergraduate psychology students. Fifteen items achieved acceptable levels …

Development And Validation Of The Student Readiness To Change Scale

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Studies have found that most college students have ineffective study habits. Despite this fact, students may feel hesitant or even hostile to changes ii study routines. To assist academic advisers in facilitating study-habit improvement in students, we developed the Student Readiness to Change Scale (STRETCH). This scale measures students' readiness to change in three domains: recognition of the need to change, a desire to change, and the perceived ability to change. We devised five Likert scale items for each "domain, making 15 items in total. We distributed the scale to a sample of J03 college students and received 94 completed …

Parents And Education: Their Role In Influencing Educational Outcomes In Children

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Educational outcomes for children have recently decreased nationwide, in part because of a decline in teachers' efforts to sufficiently educate students. Additionally, research indicates a decline in parents' contributions to their children's learning. As a result, more students are failing to graduate from high school, and suggestions implemented to improve the situation do not appear to be effective. Parents are allotting less time to help their children with schoolwork, which contributes in hindering the creation of a positive learning atmosphere at home. In addition, parents are becoming less involved in school activities, which may prompt social and intellectual distress in …

The Internet: Changing The Face Of Infidelity

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The ubiquity of the Internet in society has had a lasting impact on many things, including the commonly accepted ideals concerning infidelity. This paper reviews current literature on infidelity, beginning with the negative consequences of infidelity and the characteristics most commonly associated with individuals involved in infidelity. Although there is extensive knowledge gained from these studies, the advent of the Internet has changed infidelity, including both the type of people involved and the actions that are considered to be unfaithful. This change in practice may necessitate a change in the current definition of infidelity. Consequently, advances in the research of …

Perceptions Of Interracial Marriage Through The Eyes Of Individualistic And Collectivist Cultures

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Recent increases in immigration and globalization show dramatically augmented numbers of interracial marriages, especially in the United States. This study examined the unique effects of ethnicity on attitudes towards interracial marriages, particularly those with a collectivist (Eastern) and individualistic (Western) cultural background. A combined sample of 171 Caucasian and Asian college students responded to the Interracial Marriage Attitude Measure (IMAM) to measure acceptance rates of interracial relationships. Findings suggest that race is an effective predictor of attitude, and Asians were significantly less favorable towards interracial marriages than Caucasians. The results supported our hypothesis that Asian collectivist societies feel more strongly …

Reduction Of Traumatic Brain Injury Through Helmet Education And Legislation

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Traumatic Brain Injury (TB!) is a leading cause of many of debilitating injuries and even death. These injuries often occur in common athletic activities, such as bicycling, snow skiing, snowboarding, football, and skateboarding. TB! resulting from each of these activities can be reduced by the proper use of certified helmets. Surveys have been conducted with college-age students, neurosurgeons, and the general population, and the results show that many believe in the efficacy of helmets as a means of protection. However, cognitive dissonance is displayed in the limited helmet use reported in these samples. Among the reasons researchers have found for …

Concussion Prevention And Treatment In American Football For Professional And Non-Professional Athletes

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

In the past few years, the National Football League (NFL) has dealt with considerable controversy regarding the effects of head injury with its professional football players. Head injuries suffered during hard contact sports have now been connected to many psychological issues such as depression, dementia, substance abuse, changes in personality, and even suicide. Concussions suffered in the NFL and at the collegiate level are not the only concern; in fact, many high school and younger-aged athletes are suffering from football-related injuries as well. In order to ensure the safety of professional and amateur football players, adjustments must be made to …

A Hoarding Index For Adults

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Hoarding is defined in terms of four observable aspects: (a) accumulation, (b) collection, (c) lack of disposal, and (d) pathological attachment. Typically, hoarding has an early age at onset and displays a progression of clinical symptoms. Early-stage detection and diagnosis in young and middle-aged adults could allow a therapeutic response to hoarding symptoms in a timely manner and prevent later-life hoarding trauma. We hypothesized that the Hoarding Index for Adults (RIA) would reliably and validly measure two domains: (a) abnormally-intensified patterns of acquisition and (b) reduced patterns of disposal. To test our hypothesis, we created a 10-item online survey and …

Defining Autism: Social Influences And The Need For The New Classification

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is rising, and the explanation is difficult to identify. Multiple factors play a role in diagnosis beyond the presenting symptoms. First, society is simply more aware of ASD than before, due to increased exposure. However, greater awareness alone does not give the full picture. Second, having a child with ASD within a community increases the likelihood of more diagnoses. Lastly, despite parents' resistance to labeling their children, they may feel pressured to accept a diagnosis in order to receive services that teachers or mental health professionals deem necessary. Despite the diagnostic criteria in …

Front Matter 10.2

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Housing Diversity In Children’S Literature, Carla Earhart

Charleston Library Conference

Previous studies have examined diversity in children’s literature: Gender diversity, racial diversity, religious diversity, and diversity in family composition. This project examines an often overlooked diversity issue in children’s literature: Housing diversity. In the stories they read and the accompanying images, children need to see a variety of housing environments and need to see the settings and the people portrayed in a positive manner.

Renting an apartment is an increasingly popular housing option for many families. However, many children’s books glamorize living in a traditional house. Using a rubric designed by the course instructor, students in a university immersive learning …

Attrition In School Rowing In New Zealand: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Simon R. Walters, Rebecca Beattie, Anthony R. H. Oldham, Sarah-Kate Millar

The Qualitative Report

It is widely acknowledged that involvement in sport has positive physical and psychosocial benefits for adolescents. However, concerns have been expressed, both in New Zealand and internationally, about the relatively high attrition rates in youth sport. This qualitative study captured the experiences of eight (five male, three female) adolescents who were no longer participating in high school rowing programs in New Zealand. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and we conducted an inductive thematic analysis. A secondary analysis was then conducted using a self-determination and basic psychological needs framework that placed specific emphasis on need satisfaction and need thwarting. Key …

Webinar: Racial Bias In Driver Yielding Behavior At Crosswalks, Kimberly Barsamian Kahn

TREC Webinar Series

This webinar discusses research exploring how social identity factors (race and gender) influence drivers’ behavior in interactions with pedestrians at crosswalks. One dangerous potential point of conflict for pedestrians within the transportation system is interactions with drivers at crosswalks (NHTSA, 2009), and racial minorities are disproportionately represented in pedestrian fatalities (CDC, 2013). This project examines whether racial discrimination occurs at crosswalks, which may lead to disparate crossing experiences and disproportionate safety outcomes.

Our initial research on this topic revealed predicted racial bias in drivers’ yielding behavior at crosswalks: Black male pedestrians were passed by twice as many cars as, and …

Power Distance And International Aerospace Endeavors, Alex Marbut

Von Braun Symposium Student Posters

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Vortioxetine On Synaptic Integration In Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuits: Comparisons With Escitalopram, Shreaya Chakroborty, Thomas R. Geisbush, Elena Dale, Alan Pehrson, Connie Sánchez, Anthony R. West

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Prefrontal-subcortical circuits support executive functions which often become dysfunctional in psychiatric disorders. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant that is currently used in the clinic to treat major depressive disorder. Mechanisms of action of vortioxetine include serotonin (5-HT) transporter blockade, 5-HT1A receptor agonism, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonism, and 5-HT1D, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonism. Vortioxetine facilitates 5-HT transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), however, the impact of this compound on related prefrontal-subcortical circuits is less clear. Thus, the current study examined the impact of systemic vortioxetine administration (0.8 mg/kg, i.v.) on spontaneous spiking and spikes evoked by electrical stimulation of …

Assessing The Impact Of White Noise On Cognition In Individuals With And Without Adhd, Scott Roye

LSU Master's Theses

Although originally viewed only as a childhood disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is now recognized to persist into adulthood in many individuals. Adults with ADHD often demonstrate academic, cognitive, and general functioning deficits as a result of their symptoms. Theorists have suggested that features typically associated with ADHD, such as distractibility, excessive motor activity, and executive dysfunction, may stem from being under stimulated at a physiological level. This lack of arousal potentially causes individuals to seek out stimulation, making them more susceptible to background noise and other environmental stimuli. However, previous research primarily focuses on children and adolescents with …

Full Journal 9.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter 9.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.