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2014

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Articles 871 - 900 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Evaluating Agentic Female Job Candidates: The Effects Of Gender And Qualification Of Comparison Candidates, Sarah Grace Kern May 2014

Evaluating Agentic Female Job Candidates: The Effects Of Gender And Qualification Of Comparison Candidates, Sarah Grace Kern

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Previous research has demonstrated that agentic women experience backlash in the hiring process when being considered for leadership positions. For example, Rudman et al. (2012) found that when participants evaluated an agentic female target candidate on measures of competence, likability, and hirability, although the female candidate received equal ratings of competence to an agentic male candidate, she received backlash in the form of lower ratings of likability and hirability than the agentic male candidate. In the current study, I investigated whether these backlash effects are consistent when the agentic female target candidate is evaluated in comparison to a male or …

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Substance Use And Subclinical Psychosis Symptoms, Kelsey Hurm May 2014

Substance Use And Subclinical Psychosis Symptoms, Kelsey Hurm

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Research shows that there may be a connection between substance use and the expression of positive psychosis symptoms, most notably delusions and hallucinations (Stefanis, et al. 2004). While substances such as marijuana have received the most attention in the literature (e.g., Grech et aI.., 2005), other substances such as stimulants (e.g., Curran et aI., 2004), tobacco (e.g., Baeza et aI., 2009), and alcohol (e.g., Compton et aI., 2009) have been implicated in exacerbating the risk of psychosis onset. Further, there is mounting evidence that many psychiatric disorders are not discrete categories but rather the tails of dimensions distributed in the …

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Take It But Don't Fake It: Using Self-Awareness To Reduce Fabrications On Personality Tests, Rebekah Lynn Hale May 2014

Take It But Don't Fake It: Using Self-Awareness To Reduce Fabrications On Personality Tests, Rebekah Lynn Hale

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Applicants have been shown to fake responses on personality tests when applying for a job to appear as if they have characteristics most similar to ones that management defines as ideal for the given position. The purpose of this study was to propose and test a method to decrease faking on personality tests. Participants took a cognitive ability test, an emotional intelligence measure, and personality scales online. In the second part of the study, participants read an accountant job description and then either played a hand-held game (control condition) or filled out a biographical questionnaire (treatment condition) designed to increase …

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A Mental Health Epidemic: The Case For Mental Health Programs On College Campuses And How To Increase Awareness, Connor Deason May 2014

A Mental Health Epidemic: The Case For Mental Health Programs On College Campuses And How To Increase Awareness, Connor Deason

Senior Theses

This senior thesis project focused on the problem of mental health on college campuses. Specific interest was placed on students at the University of South Carolina. In the end, the goal was to create a product that could be used by the Counseling and Human Development Center to help increase the use of student mental health services and reduce levels of stigma surrounding mental health problems. In talking with staff members of the Counseling and Human Development Center, staff members shared a desire for a video that would advertise the services of the Counseling Center. Thus, the true purpose of …

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The Effects Of Having Teachers Implement Teacher Child Interaction Training On Language And Communication Development, Chelsea Ann Rainear May 2014

The Effects Of Having Teachers Implement Teacher Child Interaction Training On Language And Communication Development, Chelsea Ann Rainear

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Prevention and intervention programs for language and communication skills are important, and should be implemented early to gain the maximum benefits. There is evidence that verbal modeling and adult verbal imitation of children may enhance these skills. Teacher training programs have been shown to be effective in modifying students’ behaviors. Speech and language are also forms of behavior, thus the same principles should apply to coaching teachers how to modify verbal behavior to improve their communication skills. McIntosh, Rizza, and Bliss (2000) discussed a need for empirically supported treatments in schools and a need for treatment manuals in order to …

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Training Graduate Clinicians To Implement Speech Language Pathology, Occupational Therapy And Applied Behavior Analysis Goals In Their Treatment Sessions, Heather B. White May 2014

Training Graduate Clinicians To Implement Speech Language Pathology, Occupational Therapy And Applied Behavior Analysis Goals In Their Treatment Sessions, Heather B. White

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Past literature indicates an interest in collaborative treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and names several therapeutic interventions. Effective treatments include Occupational Therapy, Speech Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis. All three fields value best practice and, with differing perceptions and emphasizes, translate evidence into clinical practice. The current investigation used scientific literature and interdisciplinary collaboration to train graduate students from each field to integrate techniques from the other two fields into their own, supervised treatment sessions. Training was introduced serially across participants in a concurrent multiple baseline design. Instruction, rehearsal, modeling and feedback were used in training. …

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How Do We Conceptualize Depression?: A Mixed Methods Study, Mariafé Taeví Panizo May 2014

How Do We Conceptualize Depression?: A Mixed Methods Study, Mariafé Taeví Panizo

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Despite being extensively discussed, the concepts of mental disorder in general and depression in particular remain unclear and no consensual definitions are yet established. Empirical research on how professionals and laypeople think about depression also points to tensions and lack of consensus. However, there still remains much work to be done in order to more effectively and clearly elucidate how depression is conceptualized. Specifically, there has not been an in-depth analysis of the beliefs, values, and justification that guide practitioners in their everyday work regarding mental disorders in general and depression in particular. The purpose of the current mixed methods …

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Assessing Ethical Reasoning Skills: Initial Validity Evidence For The Ethical Reasoning Identification Test, Kristen Lynn Smith May 2014

Assessing Ethical Reasoning Skills: Initial Validity Evidence For The Ethical Reasoning Identification Test, Kristen Lynn Smith

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Employers, policymakers, parents and other stakeholders value ethical reasoning (ER) skills. Thus, to help students actively engage in the ER process, stakeholders at James Madison University (JMU) redefined ER, implemented campus-wide ER interventions, and created the Ethical Reasoning Identification Test (ERIT-1) to measure students’ ability to engage in a lower-level step of the ER process. The current study examined the factor structure and reliability of the ERIT-1. Confirmatory Factor Analysis results provided support for a unidimensional factor structure, meaning stakeholders can report and analyze total scores for the ERIT-1. ERIT-1 scores also demonstrated good reliability. Correlation analyses provided initial external …

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Using Microsoft Powerpoint© To Conduct A Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment, Andrew M. Tiry May 2014

Using Microsoft Powerpoint© To Conduct A Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment, Andrew M. Tiry

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

There are two categories of preference assessments, indirect (e.g., student and teacher surveys) and direct (e.g., multiple stimulus, multiple stimulus without replacement, paired stimulus and single stimulus) preference assessments. Although indirect assessments are less time consuming, direct assessment methods are better predictors of both preference and reinforcing value. While there is a growing body of research demonstrating the advantages of direct preference assessments, little has been done to incorporate technology efficiently into the preference assessment process. The present study proposed the use of PowerPoint© as a way of use efficiently use technology in the preference assessment process. To validate the …

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Towards Construct Validity: Investigating The Structure Of The Mental Toughness In Sport Questionnaire (Mtsq-32), Kelly Jane Foelber May 2014

Towards Construct Validity: Investigating The Structure Of The Mental Toughness In Sport Questionnaire (Mtsq-32), Kelly Jane Foelber

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

In effort to gather construct validity evidence for a new measure of mental toughness, the Mental Toughness in Sport Questionnaire (MTSQ-32), confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the plausibility of competing theoretical models. This was done in accordance with Benson's (1998) strong program of construct validity. Four primary models were tested: a unidimensional model, a five-factor model based upon social-cognitive personality theory, a five-factor model based upon the commonly identified attributes of mental toughness, and a 10-factor multidimensional model combining the two five-factor models. Further models were tested that expanded upon the four former by including a reverse coding …

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Auditory Masking In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: An Examination Of The Continuum Of Impulsivity, John Joseph O'Malley May 2014

Auditory Masking In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: An Examination Of The Continuum Of Impulsivity, John Joseph O'Malley

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Signal detection theory can measure impulsive behavior. To further examine this paradigm, the researcher attempted to replicate previous findings with more experimental control and examine impulsive behaviors in a putative model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Four strains of rats attempted to discriminate between the presence and absences of a 3 kHz tone within a 5-6 kHz masker; however, only one rat reached stabilization. To aid in training and reduce difficulty of the task, the researcher presented the rat wit forced-choice trials. Although the additional training increased their variability of correct responses, rats were unable to reach …

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Effect Of Temporal Parameters On The Perception Of Foreign Accent In Synthesized Speech, Ashley Assgari May 2014

Effect Of Temporal Parameters On The Perception Of Foreign Accent In Synthesized Speech, Ashley Assgari

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Previous research investigating the parameters that affect accent have concentrated mainly on talker characteristics (e.g Flege, 1988). Those studies that do attempt to investigate acoustic parameters rely on post-hoc analysis of signals already judged to be accented. Any acoustic differences between these signals are said to be the basis of accent judgments. The current investigation attempts to rectify this methodological flaw by manipulating acoustic parameter previously implicated in perceived foreign accent within synthesized speech. In a two experiment study we investigate the effect of consonant duration and consonant initial frequency (Experiment 1) along with voice onset time, vowel duration and …

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Investigating The Discrepancies Between Student Perceptions And Faculty Expectations Of Graduate-Level Statistics Preparation, Devon Hopkins Whetstone May 2014

Investigating The Discrepancies Between Student Perceptions And Faculty Expectations Of Graduate-Level Statistics Preparation, Devon Hopkins Whetstone

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

This study investigated the discrepancies between students’ perceived preparation for graduate-level study in statistics and faculty expected levels of preparation for incoming graduate students. Two 25-item surveys on a 6 point Likert scale were developed and administered to a faculty sample and a student sample for comparison. Overall results showed that students’ perceived level of preparation were equal to faculty expected levels of preparation with respect to statistical knowledge. That is, both groups endorsed the middle of the scale indicating that students generally felt somewhat prepared for graduate-level statistics and faculty generally expected students to feel somewhat prepared for their …

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The Effects Of Chronic, Partial Sleep Deprivation On Risk-Taking Behavior In Rats, Ashley Marie Shemery May 2014

The Effects Of Chronic, Partial Sleep Deprivation On Risk-Taking Behavior In Rats, Ashley Marie Shemery

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The effects of sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior have been minimally investigated, observing only the effects of total sleep deprivation in human models. Additionally, the research has shown mixed results. In a chronically sleep deprived society where many people (e.g. military, medical doctors) require rapid decision making to ensure the safety and welfare of others, it is of interest to investigate the effects of chronic partial sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior in a rodent model. The current study examined the effects of 5 days of partial sleep deprivation on risk-taking behavior in Wistar Han rats as measured by the Rodent …

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Merge Of Behavior Analysis Procedures Into A Speech-Language Pathology Autism Clinic, Elizabeth Simons May 2014

Merge Of Behavior Analysis Procedures Into A Speech-Language Pathology Autism Clinic, Elizabeth Simons

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

This study developed applied behavior analysis skills in a different discipline through training and coaching speech-language pathology graduate students providing therapy services in a program for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Two graduate students in applied behavior analysis trained 9 graduate students in speechlanguage pathology in 3 concepts: function of behavior, positive reinforcement and differential reinforcement. These trainings occurred within the framework of a systematic multiple baseline design. After training, each participant received bug-in-theear coaching on the use of positive reinforcement daily for 5 days during therapy delivery. At the end of each day therapists developed a list of …

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Self-Reported Practices Of And Attitudes Toward Reading Among Elementary-Aged English Language Learners, Sarah M. Akers May 2014

Self-Reported Practices Of And Attitudes Toward Reading Among Elementary-Aged English Language Learners, Sarah M. Akers

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-reported attitudes toward and practices of at-home reading on English reading abilities in English Language Learners in 3rd through 5th grade. Students' English reading abilities were measured in terms of fluency, vocabulary/background knowledge, and comprehension. Scores from the school district's reading benchmarks and English language mastery test were also obtained. Attitudes toward both academic and recreational reading were assessed, and a survey was administered to obtain information regarding students' self-reported at-home practices of reading and access to reading materials. Data was collected in early spring and again in late …

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Cracking Invisible Barriers: A Focus On Mental Health Service Use Among Immigrant Latinos In The United States, Evenor Alfonso Aleman May 2014

Cracking Invisible Barriers: A Focus On Mental Health Service Use Among Immigrant Latinos In The United States, Evenor Alfonso Aleman

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Rapidly changing demographics often result in disparities in services offered for the population. Increasing Latino presence in many parts of the United States has yet to be recognized when developing adequate mental health care. This is specifically true with those who are less proficient in English. The purpose of this study is to explore the barriers many Latinos face when seeking mental health services. These barriers include sociological, cultural, and organizational factors that have been found to influence the underutilization rates of services by Latinos. By exploring these barriers, potential growth areas in the service provided for Spanish speaking clients …

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Sense Of Belonging Among Middle School Students, Alexis Carson May 2014

Sense Of Belonging Among Middle School Students, Alexis Carson

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of school belonging among middle school students and contributing factors that may affect their perceptions of belonging. Specific contributing factors that were identified for this project include gender, grade level, GPA, education classification, and socioeconomic status. The participating students were 13 middle school students within a rural community. A 21 item school membership questionnaire adapted from the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (Goodenow, 1993) was used to assess the participant’s perceptions of belonging, rejection and acceptance within their school, as well as their participation in school related extracurricular activities …

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The Effects Of A Social-Emotional Skills Training Program On Optimism In Elementary Students, Jessica Sheree Harris May 2014

The Effects Of A Social-Emotional Skills Training Program On Optimism In Elementary Students, Jessica Sheree Harris

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Research has supported the impact of social-emotional skills on learning and on a student’s ability to access classroom instruction, including the presence of a positive association between optimism and academic success. Students with disabilities are likely to experience high levels of negative experiences in school during social interactions and academic instruction. This study endeavored to build upon the previous research supporting the benefits of administering the Strong Kids curriculum in addition to specifically assessing the utility of the program’s use by teachers working with students with learning disabilities. However, this study was not implemented as originally proposed with fewer sessions …

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Embracing Counseling And Psychotherapy In Kenya, Faith Mueni Masambia May 2014

Embracing Counseling And Psychotherapy In Kenya, Faith Mueni Masambia

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

This paper looks at the status of mental health in Kenya with specific focus on counseling and psychotherapy. It looks at the history of counseling and psychotherapy in Kenya, counselor educations programs, accreditation, licensure and certification, current counseling and psychotherapy theories, processes and trends, and research and supervision. Its purpose is to examine how counseling and psychotherapy is developing in Kenya. It explores how Western methods of psychotherapy are being incorporated in treatment of individuals with mental illness. It also looks at possible ways in which traditional methods of healing can be incorporated into the treatment of mental illness. This …

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Back To Nature: The Impact Of Nature Relatedness On Empathy And Narcissism In The Millennial Generation, Anne Loyer Metz May 2014

Back To Nature: The Impact Of Nature Relatedness On Empathy And Narcissism In The Millennial Generation, Anne Loyer Metz

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Social science research suggests that the current generation of college students is quite different from previous cohorts of undergraduates. In particular, researchers have discovered that college students, known as “Millennials,” demonstrate lower levels of empathy, higher levels of narcissism, increased use of technology, and decreased time spent outdoors. As counselors working with Millennials, large scale dispositional changes may impact the overall functioning of these individuals. This quantitative study of 140 undergraduates explores the relationship between the constructs of empathy, narcissism, and nature-relatedness among the Millennial generation. Data analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between nature relatedness and …

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How Multiculturalism Or Egalitarian Beliefs Of Teachers Influence The Type Of Cultural Information Gathered About English Language Learners, Anna C. Kim May 2014

How Multiculturalism Or Egalitarian Beliefs Of Teachers Influence The Type Of Cultural Information Gathered About English Language Learners, Anna C. Kim

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

English Language Learners (ELLs) represent the largest growing student body population in schools, yet among the lowest performing students in the United States with high dropout and grade retention rates (Waxman, Rivera, & Powers, 2012). Teachers are central in the process of improving academic success for English language learners; however, there is minimal information on teacher cultural belief systems in the educational context and about how their attitudes, views, and belief systems affect immigrant students (Hachfeld et al, 2011; Vedder et al., 2006). This current study sought to investigate how teachers’ cultural belief systems, whether multicultural or egalitarian, influences how …

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Psychosocial Needs Of Children Coping With Parental Terminal Cancer In A Hospital Setting, Meredith Reed May 2014

Psychosocial Needs Of Children Coping With Parental Terminal Cancer In A Hospital Setting, Meredith Reed

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Cancer rates in the United States continue to be staggering. It is also heartbreaking to note that many of the adults confronting cancer are also parents of children. Parental terminal cancer poses a threat to the psychological well being of the entire family. Children are at a significantly higher risk for developing psychological disorders if their psychosocial needs are not met during this crucial time. Communication is vital in assisting children with their reactions to the illness and impending loss. Research has shown that communication between family members, especially with children, and also between medical professionals and families can often …

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Serving Those Who Served: Understanding The Needs Of Student Veterans, Jessica Catherine Hayden May 2014

Serving Those Who Served: Understanding The Needs Of Student Veterans, Jessica Catherine Hayden

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Following the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill), higher education witnessed a nationwide influx of student veterans. In the last decade, this population has continued to gain significant momentum as a result of the educational benefits offered to service members and their families within the Post-9/11 GI Bill of 2008. James Madison University recognized this growing trend and researched how to best serve the academic and personal needs of the student veteran community by conducting a needs assessment. The data from the needs assessment and literature from several university veteran taskforces were reviewed and used to develop program recommendations …

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Those Who Laugh, Last: Exploring The Use Of Humor As A Vehicle Of Healing Through Personal Reflection, Theory, And Practice, Eleanor Barham Whitehurst May 2014

Those Who Laugh, Last: Exploring The Use Of Humor As A Vehicle Of Healing Through Personal Reflection, Theory, And Practice, Eleanor Barham Whitehurst

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

The premise of this paper is to examine the healing and therapeutic nature of humor in the counseling relationship. Discussion will focus on the cognitive, emotional, and physical benefits of humor, as well as the methods and techniques used to implement humor and laughter into therapeutic practice. The best practices, benefits, and recommendations for using humor in the therapeutic relationship are reviewed, emphasizing type of humor and assessing client for appropriate use. Application of humor in times of grief and loss is explored, offering insight to the resilience that can be found in the human spirit. Humor is studied as …

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Identifying Academic Protective Factors In Gifted Minority Students, Janei Kimberly Jackson May 2014

Identifying Academic Protective Factors In Gifted Minority Students, Janei Kimberly Jackson

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

As the demographics of the United States continue to change rapidly, school psychologists will continue to play a role in meeting the needs of racially and ethnically diverse students. One major concern is the overrepresentation of certain ethnic minority groups (e.g., Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American) in special education, dropout rates, and school discipline and the underrepresentation of those same groups in gifted education programs. The purpose of the current study was to find what factors may be contributing to the academic success of gifted Black/African American students. The researcher conducted one on one interviews with nine Black/African American …

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Healthy Living Skills Education: A 12-Module Group Intervention For Individuals With Serious Mental Illness, Brette Marie Stephenson May 2014

Healthy Living Skills Education: A 12-Module Group Intervention For Individuals With Serious Mental Illness, Brette Marie Stephenson

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Serious mental illness often strikes during adolescence, a time of life when individuals typically prepare to navigate society as independent adults. Due to its symptoms and this crucial developmental interruption, people with serious mental illness often experience difficulties with acquiring and developing life skills. They often struggle to maintain financial independence or their physical health suffers as a result of poor diet and medication side effects. Most commonly, they struggle to develop competency in navigating the social demands of life and relationships. This project is a 12-module life skills group to provide support and group interventions regarding three life areas …

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In Search Of Best Practices For Multicultural Education: Empirical Evidence From The Forum Bevi Project, Mary Beth Tabit May 2014

In Search Of Best Practices For Multicultural Education: Empirical Evidence From The Forum Bevi Project, Mary Beth Tabit

Dissertations, 2014-2019

As the composition of the United States continues to become more diverse, a corresponding need exists to facilitate understanding and positive relations among individuals from different backgrounds. Although there are many reasons for intergroup tension, one substantive source of tension derives from different cultural frames of reference, influencing the ways in which humans from different racial groups understand and relate to each other. A range of interventions have been attempted to promote positive intercultural relations such as multicultural education in schools, intergroup dialogue, and transformative learning experiences. The following reviews previous literature related to effectiveness within these domains, as well …

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Inhibitory Control And Classroom Behavior In Kindergarten Children, Samantha Anne Tynan May 2014

Inhibitory Control And Classroom Behavior In Kindergarten Children, Samantha Anne Tynan

Dissertations, 2014-2019

This study examined the association between direct measures of behavioral inhibition (inhibition of prepotent response, motor inhibition, and delayed gratification) and the classroom behavior of kindergarten children. Participants included 5-6 years old kindergarten students (N=64), 35 boys and 29 girls, at two public elementary schools. Behavioral inhibition was assessed with the Night and Day test, Yes or No test, Draw-A-Line-Slowly task and a measure of Delayed Gratification. Classroom behavior was measured using the Teacher-Child Rating Scale 2.1 (T-CRS 2.1). The results showed no significant gender differences in performance on behavioral inhibition tasks or teacher ratings of classroom behavior. Positive correlations …

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Using Mindfulness To Explore Worldview Perspective And Enhance Intercultural Development, Rebecca J. Heselmeyer May 2014

Using Mindfulness To Explore Worldview Perspective And Enhance Intercultural Development, Rebecca J. Heselmeyer

Dissertations, 2014-2019

Multicultural counseling competence is an important part of counselor preparation and continued education. Demographic projections for the United States indicate that the population will continue to grow in diversity in the coming decades, reinforcing the need for counselors to be well trained in multicultural counseling. Research on existing approaches to multicultural counseling training (MCT), meanwhile, has identified effective strategies as well as areas needing refinement. Quality MCT needs to challenge learners to explore their racial identity, confront biases, and reflect on intersections of identities within a greater socio-cultural context, all through a safe environment designed to meet a variety of …

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