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2014

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Articles 841 - 870 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Consistency Of The Use Of The Psychological Evaluation During The Selection Process Among Law Enforcement Agencies, Rebecca Sarah Mark May 2014

The Consistency Of The Use Of The Psychological Evaluation During The Selection Process Among Law Enforcement Agencies, Rebecca Sarah Mark

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to examine the consistency of the use of the psychological evaluation as part of the law enforcement candidate selection process. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) provides guidelines for the psychological evaluation, but research has found that law enforcement agencies use a variety of procedures with no consensus as to what should be used and why (Dantzker, 2011). Research has also found that very few applicants pass the psychological evaluations and that law enforcement agencies may be screening out candidates who would have been successful police officers (Chang-Bae, 2006; Dantzker, 2011). …

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Alexithymia Impairs The Cognitive Control Of Negative Material While Facilitating The Recall Of Neutral Material In Both Younger And Older Adults, Déborah Dressaire, Charles B. Stone, Kristy A. Nielson, Estelle Guerdoux, Denis Brouillet, Olivier Luminet May 2014

Alexithymia Impairs The Cognitive Control Of Negative Material While Facilitating The Recall Of Neutral Material In Both Younger And Older Adults, Déborah Dressaire, Charles B. Stone, Kristy A. Nielson, Estelle Guerdoux, Denis Brouillet, Olivier Luminet

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

We investigated the moderating impact of the personality construct alexithymia on the ability of younger and older adults to control the recall of negative and neutral material. We conducted two experiments using the directed forgetting paradigm with younger and older adults. Participants studied negative (Experiment 1) or neutral (Experiment 2) words. Participants were instructed to forget the first half and remember the second half of an entire list of words. Overall, we found that alexithymia impairs the ability of both younger and older adults to cognitively control negative material (through both recall and inhibition). The “externally oriented thinking” factor of …

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The Effects Of Acute Stress Exposure On Neural Correlates Of Pavlovian Conditioning With Monetary Gains And Losses, Andrea H. Lewis, Anthony J. Porcelli, Mauricio R. Delgado May 2014

The Effects Of Acute Stress Exposure On Neural Correlates Of Pavlovian Conditioning With Monetary Gains And Losses, Andrea H. Lewis, Anthony J. Porcelli, Mauricio R. Delgado

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Pavlovian conditioning involves the association of an inherently neutral stimulus with an appetitive or aversive outcome, such that the neutral stimulus itself acquires reinforcing properties. Across species, this type of learning has been shown to involve subcortical brain regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. It is less clear, however, how the neural circuitry involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian contingencies in humans, particularly in the striatum, is affected by acute stress. In the current study, we investigate the effect of acute stress exposure on Pavlovian conditioning using monetary reinforcers. Participants underwent a partial reinforcement conditioning procedure in which …

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Savor The Memory: A Reminiscence Exercise To Increase Positive Emotions And Reduce Depression Risk In Anxious Individuals, Bethany Morris May 2014

Savor The Memory: A Reminiscence Exercise To Increase Positive Emotions And Reduce Depression Risk In Anxious Individuals, Bethany Morris

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A growing literature suggests that experiencing positive emotions provides psychological benefits (e.g., Coifman et al. 2007), and interventions increasing positive emotions may reduce depression risk (Geschwind et al., 2011). The present study tested whether reminiscence, a method of positive emotion savoring (Quoidbach et al., 2010), can mitigate depression risk by increasing positive emotions in an unselected sample and a subsample of at-risk anxious individuals. Female participants (n=336) were randomized to a reminiscence or control condition and asked to complete daily mental imagery exercises focusing on a positive memory (reminiscence) or a neutral laboratory memory (control) for one week. As expected, …

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Motor Variability During Sustained Contractions Increases With Cognitive Demand In Older Adults, Marnie Lynn Vanden Noven, Hugo M. Pereira, Tejin Yoon, Alyssa A. Stevens, Kristy A. Nielson, Sandra K. Hunter May 2014

Motor Variability During Sustained Contractions Increases With Cognitive Demand In Older Adults, Marnie Lynn Vanden Noven, Hugo M. Pereira, Tejin Yoon, Alyssa A. Stevens, Kristy A. Nielson, Sandra K. Hunter

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

To expose cortical involvement in age-related changes in motor performance, we compared steadiness (force fluctuations) and fatigability of submaximal isometric contractions with the ankle dorsiflexor muscles in older and young adults and with varying levels of cognitive demand imposed. Sixteen young (20.4 ± 2.1 year: 8 men, 9 women) and 17 older adults (68.8 ± 4.4 years: 9 men, 8 women) attended three sessions and performed a 40 s isometric contraction at 5% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force followed by an isometric contraction at 30% MVC until task failure. The cognitive demand required during the submaximal contractions in each session …

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Latino Emergent Bilingual Students' Experiences With The Middle School Transition, Kerry Pecho May 2014

Latino Emergent Bilingual Students' Experiences With The Middle School Transition, Kerry Pecho

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis reports the findings of a qualitative study that examined how Latino emergent bilingual students anticipate and experience the transition from a bilingual elementary school program to middle school. Sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students who were native Spanish-speakers participated in focus group discussions. Overall, participants described positive transition experiences, and much of the content was not unique to these students (e.g., feeling nervous, looking forward to more activities). Other content, though, revealed transition experiences that may be unique to this population (e.g., dramatic shift in ethnic and linguistic backgrounds of peers). Participants' responses suggested that they experience a …

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Preference-Based Serial Decision Dynamics: Your First Sushi Reveals Your Eating Order At The Sushi Table, Jaeseung Jeong, Youngmin Oh, Miriam Chun, Jerald D. Kralik May 2014

Preference-Based Serial Decision Dynamics: Your First Sushi Reveals Your Eating Order At The Sushi Table, Jaeseung Jeong, Youngmin Oh, Miriam Chun, Jerald D. Kralik

Dartmouth Scholarship

In everyday life, we regularly choose among multiple items serially such as playing music in a playlist or determining priorities in a to-do list. However, our behavioral strategy to determine the order of choice is poorly understood. Here we defined ‘the sushi problem’ as how we serially choose multiple items of different degrees of preference when multiple sequences are possible, and no particular order is necessarily better than another, given that all items will eventually be chosen. In the current study, participants selected seven sushi pieces sequentially at the lunch table, and we examined the relationship between eating order and …

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Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms May 2014

Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Because many juvenile offenders are intellectually disabled and have their cases tried by jurors in adult criminal court, it is important to understand factors that influence jurors’ judgments in such cases. Using a mock trial methodology, we explored the relations among jurors’ gender, attitudes toward intellectual disability, and judgments in a criminal case involving an intellectually disabled 15-year-old girl accused of murder. Men mock jurors’ judgments were not influenced by their preexisting biases, but women's were: the more women favored special treatment for disabled offenders, the less likely they were to suspect the disabled juvenile was guilty and the less …

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Immediate Effects Of Deep Brain Stimulation Of Anterior Thalamic Nuclei On Executive Functions And Emotion-Attention Interaction In Humans, Kaisa M. Hartikainen, Lihua Sun, Markus Polvivaara, Maarja Brause, Kai Lehtimäki, Joonas Haapasalo, Timo Möttönen, Kirsi Väyrynen, Keith Ogawa, Juha Ohman May 2014

Immediate Effects Of Deep Brain Stimulation Of Anterior Thalamic Nuclei On Executive Functions And Emotion-Attention Interaction In Humans, Kaisa M. Hartikainen, Lihua Sun, Markus Polvivaara, Maarja Brause, Kai Lehtimäki, Joonas Haapasalo, Timo Möttönen, Kirsi Väyrynen, Keith Ogawa, Juha Ohman

School of Science Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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Can Videogames Be Addicting? An Investigation Into The Specific Game Features And Personal Characteristics Associated With Problematic Videogame Playing, Gregory Pouliot May 2014

Can Videogames Be Addicting? An Investigation Into The Specific Game Features And Personal Characteristics Associated With Problematic Videogame Playing, Gregory Pouliot

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The number of individuals who play videogames has increased dramatically in recent years. Unsurprisingly, the frequency with which patients seek psychotherapeutic services to help cope with problematic videogame playing (PVGP) behaviors has also risen. Thus, explorations into the specific characteristics of PVGP are essential now more than ever before. However, the current state of the literature primarily relies on comparisons between PVGP and pathological gambling, utilizing modified measures of the latter to assess the former. To date, no studies have attempted to adapt the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder (SUD) in an effort to understand PVGP within the context …

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Creativity: A Perspective From Sufism: Love, Faith, And Experience As Paths To True Knowledge., V. Krishna Kumar May 2014

Creativity: A Perspective From Sufism: Love, Faith, And Experience As Paths To True Knowledge., V. Krishna Kumar

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Tripartite Self-Construal On Prosocial Behavior, Nicole Ruser May 2014

The Effects Of Tripartite Self-Construal On Prosocial Behavior, Nicole Ruser

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The current study examined the effects of both primed and unprimed tripartite self-construal on real helping behavior offered in a laboratory setting. Additional variables commonly associated with prosocial behavior, namely empathy (Eisenberg & Miller, 1987) and agreeableness (Graziano, Hasbashi, Sheese & Tobin, 2007; Caprara, Alessandri & Eisenberg, 2912), were also assessed. Undergraduate students (N = 119) completed self-report measures of empathy, agreeableness, and chronic self-construal, then completed a self-construal prime before the experimenter requested help with a simple task. It was predicted that the independence prime would increase helping among participants, as seen in the work of Finlay and …

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Musical Missteps: The Severity Of The Sophomore Slump In The Music Industry, Shane M. Zackery May 2014

Musical Missteps: The Severity Of The Sophomore Slump In The Music Industry, Shane M. Zackery

Scripps Senior Theses

This study looks at alternative models of follow-up album success in order to determine if there is a relationship between the decrease in Metascore ratings (assigned by Metacritic.com) between the first and second album for a musician or band and the 1) music genre or 2) the number of years between the first and second album release. The results support the dominant thought, which suggests that neither belonging to a certain genre of music nor waiting more or less time to drop the second album makes an artist more susceptible to the Sophomore Slump. This finding is important because it …

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Adjusting Multiple Correlations For Regression Overfitting And Indirect Range Restriction, Charles Bolton Iii May 2014

Adjusting Multiple Correlations For Regression Overfitting And Indirect Range Restriction, Charles Bolton Iii

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

No research to date has been conducted to investigate the efficacy of and proper procedures for adjusting multiple correlations for the combined effects of regression overfitting and indirect range restriction. The present study uses Monte Carlo analyses to investigate the implementation of both of these adjustments.

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Mood And Experience: Effects Of Ostracism On Diathesis Activation, Rachel Archer May 2014

Mood And Experience: Effects Of Ostracism On Diathesis Activation, Rachel Archer

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The stress-diathesis model is a well-known but little-tested theory which states that people can possess diatheses, or vulnerabilities, to certain mental disorders such as depression or anxiety. These diatheses are activated when a person is under stress. This study examined how ostracism as a temporary stressor can trigger existing diatheses and cause increases in depression symptoms among at-risk people. Theory suggests that ostracism is likely to trigger symptoms of depression in at-risk people. This study is an extension of a study conducted by Luxton, Ingram, and Wenzlaff (2006) in which people with naturally varying levels of diathesis factors were exposed …

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Self-Referencing Effects Of Social Networking On Judgments In An Employment Context, Abigail Lewis May 2014

Self-Referencing Effects Of Social Networking On Judgments In An Employment Context, Abigail Lewis

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This study examined how various components of a social networking website (SNW) as well as rater characteristics can impact employee evaluations. Participants were presented with a job description, an applicant résumé, an applicant SNW profile, and a survey to measure rater characteristics. Professionally-oriented Facebook profiles received higher ratings than their counterparts, evaluations differed based on rater characteristics (e.g., personality), and raters varied in their perceptions of the relative value of SNW profiles. As these findings demonstrate that SNW profiles influence employer judgments to varying degrees based on rater characteristics and perceptions, organizations should use caution when viewing SNW profiles until …

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Finding Cathartic Beauty In Trauma And Abjection, Christy R. Kirk May 2014

Finding Cathartic Beauty In Trauma And Abjection, Christy R. Kirk

Graduate School of Art Theses

Inspired by the dichotomy of beauty and the grotesque in relation to the female body, I set out to both find a balance and interrupt the balance between the two with my artistic practice. Defining beauty as something more significant and meaningful than a pretty image and the abject as something that inspires repulsion, I sought to find connection between the two. Through creating abject textures surrounding nude female forms, I discovered an underlying trauma latent in the artistic expressions of my work. The process of creating abject works of art has lead to catharsis and posttraumatic growth in my …

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The Relationship Between Implementation Of The American School Counselor Association National Model And Professional Secondary School Counselor Burnout, Kellie Giorgio Camelford May 2014

The Relationship Between Implementation Of The American School Counselor Association National Model And Professional Secondary School Counselor Burnout, Kellie Giorgio Camelford

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between demographic and occupational variables, the implementation of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model, and burnout in professional secondary school counselors. Participants in this study were professional secondary school counselors who were members of ASCA (n=494). All participants completed the Secondary School Counselor Demographic, Implementation of the ASCA National Model, and Burnout Survey that was designed to assess counselors’ perceptions and practices related to the level of implementation of the ASCA National Model and the degree of burnout. The instrument combined a researcher-developed questionnaire with the School Counseling …

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Swaney At The Museum : A Children's Book About A Transitional Object Overcoming Separation Anxiety, Miriam Berger May 2014

Swaney At The Museum : A Children's Book About A Transitional Object Overcoming Separation Anxiety, Miriam Berger

Graduate Student Independent Studies

The core of this thesis is an original picture book entitled "Swaney at the museum." It communicates the importance of calming self-talk in the face of anxiety.

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Implicit Prejudice And Its Implications For How Communities Should Respond To Racial Injustices, Harry Kainen May 2014

Implicit Prejudice And Its Implications For How Communities Should Respond To Racial Injustices, Harry Kainen

Undergraduate Theses—Unrestricted

In the spring of 2013, a racially controversial incident occurred on the Washington University Campus. The incident raised questions about the racial tolerance of the university community as well as exactly who should be held responsible for the injustice. Most importantly, the community’s response to the incident exemplified how a community with the potential for substantial collective action can fail to mobilize and improve when they are called upon to do so. This paper examines recent psychological research that studies the existence of subconscious racial prejudices in order to examine its implications in community responses to racial injustices. Results show …

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A Study Of Pet Bonding, Interpersonal Trust, And Helping Attitudes As A Function Of Gender And Pet Ownership, Alysha Mcgrath May 2014

A Study Of Pet Bonding, Interpersonal Trust, And Helping Attitudes As A Function Of Gender And Pet Ownership, Alysha Mcgrath

Honors Theses

Studies have shown that pet owners have better overall physical health than non-owners; however, little research has been done to examine the influence of pet ownership on an individual's psychological health. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect pet ownership has on interpersonal trust and helping attitudes, as well as to examine gender differences for these variables. It was hypothesized that pet owners would score higher for trust and helping attitudes than non-owners, and that women would score higher for trust and helping attitudes than men. It was also hypothesized that women would have stronger companion animal …

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Imitation Skill Development In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Teacher-Directed Versus Child-Directed Tasks, Claire Elizabeth Karlen May 2014

Imitation Skill Development In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Teacher-Directed Versus Child-Directed Tasks, Claire Elizabeth Karlen

Theses and Dissertations

Imitation, defined as a means by which individuals copy another person's behavior, serves as a natural method of learning for typically developing children (Sevlever & Gillis, 2010). For children with autism, imitation skills are often impaired, which may result in further social and language deficits (Ingersoll, 2008; Whiten & Brown, 1999). The current study directly examined the effectiveness of two imitation training interventions on the development of spontaneous imitation and expressive language skills in young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Results indicated that no one intervention proved equally effective across participants; however, both interventions positively impacted expressive language development, …

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The Effect Of Social Problem Solving Skills In The Relationship Between Traumatic Stress And Moral Disengagement Among Inner-City African American High School Students, Kendell L. Coker, Uduakobong N. Ikpe, Jeannie S. Brooks, Brian Page, Mark B. Sobell May 2014

The Effect Of Social Problem Solving Skills In The Relationship Between Traumatic Stress And Moral Disengagement Among Inner-City African American High School Students, Kendell L. Coker, Uduakobong N. Ikpe, Jeannie S. Brooks, Brian Page, Mark B. Sobell

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study examined the relationship between traumatic stress, social problem solving, and moral disengagement among African American inner-city high school students. Participants consisted of 45 (25 males and 20 females) African American students enrolled in grades 10 through 12. Mediation was assessed by testing for the indirect effect using the confidence interval derived from 10,000 bootstrapped resamples. The results revealed that social problem-solving skills have an indirect effect on the relationship between traumatic stress and moral disengagement. The findings suggest that African American youth that are negatively impacted by trauma evidence deficits in their social problem solving skills and are …

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The Development Of Body Image In Dancers: Examining Gesture's Role In Conveying Body Image, Valeria Albano May 2014

The Development Of Body Image In Dancers: Examining Gesture's Role In Conveying Body Image, Valeria Albano

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Body image and body dissatisfaction is an issue in western countries. Many females, especially dancers, have been objectified by a cultural stereotype of a thin body and being referred to as “skin and bones”. Recently, body disturbances have been reported in children as young as six years old. Children this young may be unaware that they are expressing these negative thoughts about their bodies and thus, the measures assessing body image are challenging to analyze. Another line of research has shown that children spontaneously produce hand gestures when narrating stories, solving math problems, or explaining scientific ideas. Moreover, children convey …

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Using The Objectification Theory Framework To Assess The Unique Body Image Concerns Of Women Experiencing Homelessness, Melanie K. Mitchell May 2014

Using The Objectification Theory Framework To Assess The Unique Body Image Concerns Of Women Experiencing Homelessness, Melanie K. Mitchell

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The primary objective of this research is to explore the unique body image concerns of women experiencing homelessness, an understudied population in body image research. The hypothesis is that women who are currently homeless and who have experienced longer periods of homelessness will be more likely to have poorer body image. Homeless women may not possess the means to modify their appearance with hygiene products or facilities (Hoffman & Coffey, 2008). Also, an inconsistent food source may influence some women to binge when food is available, or to eat unhealthy foods that result in weight gain (Bove & Olsen, 2006). …

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From Goal-Striving To "Right Intention": A Grounded Theory Analysis Of Interviews With Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Participants, Julia E. Field May 2014

From Goal-Striving To "Right Intention": A Grounded Theory Analysis Of Interviews With Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Participants, Julia E. Field

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) helps people to manage stress reactivity through contemplative practices such as meditation. The creator of the program, Kabat-Zinn (1994), defines mindfulness as “paying attention in a particular way; on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally” (p. 4). Shapiro et al. (2006) clarified this definition as consisting of three mechanisms of mindfulness. In particular, their mechanism “intention” captures Kabat-Zinn’s phrase “on purpose.” Historically, mindfulness practices were intended to cultivate compassion and insight; thus, practitioners’ intentions need to be included in a psychological model of mindfulness (Shapiro & Schwartz, 2000). In keeping with their approach, this project …

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Relation Of Personality Traits To Cognitive Impairments And Disease Severity In Parkinson's Disease, Lindsey Clark May 2014

Relation Of Personality Traits To Cognitive Impairments And Disease Severity In Parkinson's Disease, Lindsey Clark

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence rate ranging from 31 to 201 per 100,000 individuals. PD primarily affects individuals over the age of 65 years. Recently, researchers have recognized the importance that cognitive and other non-motor type deficits play in the lives of PD patients. Some speculate that PD patients even exhibit changes in certain personality traits. It is currently unclear, however, how these personality traits might relate to cognitive deficits and even disease severity. The current study examined this issue by administering a personality assessment and several cognitive (frontal-lobe) assessments to 27 …

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College Students’ Attitudes Towards Adults With Developmental Disabilities: Does Direct Contact Make A Difference?, Caroline E. Greene May 2014

College Students’ Attitudes Towards Adults With Developmental Disabilities: Does Direct Contact Make A Difference?, Caroline E. Greene

Honors College Theses

Data were collected from thirty college students who participated in an alternative break trip and approximately seventy college students who did not attend the trip. Study subjects served as counselors at a camp for adults with developmental disabilities. Data were collected using five measures: a) before the week started, students filled out a survey which questioned their comfort level and attitude when interacting with this population; b) this same survey was administered to a random sample of college students who did not attend the break trip c) at camp, students kept a journal throughout the week documenting their experiences; d) …

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Clinician Interest In Working In Substance Abuse Treatment: The Role Of Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectancies, And Stigma, Genevieve Anne Covert May 2014

Clinician Interest In Working In Substance Abuse Treatment: The Role Of Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectancies, And Stigma, Genevieve Anne Covert

Theses and Dissertations

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) was used to examine clinician career interest for working in substance abuse treatment. The study examined the impact that self-efficacy and outcome expectancies have while exploring stigma as a moderating variable. Participants (N = 153) with experience providing mental health treatment completed the study. A series of self-report surveys were administered electronically. A series of Likert scales were used to assess career interests, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and stigma. A service-load measure and demographics survey were also completed. Correlation analyses and regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy significantly predicted career interest in substance abuse counseling. These analyses …

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Writing Fellows In An Undergraduate Psychology Course, Caroline Prendergast May 2014

Writing Fellows In An Undergraduate Psychology Course, Caroline Prendergast

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

This study seeks to examine the uses of embedded writing tutoring (specifically, a Writing Fellow) in an undergraduate psychology course in order to better understand the impacts of such programs on students’ writing process, written products, and attitudes toward writing. A Writing Fellow attended lab meetings and held office hours in one section of a research methods course. The other two sections of the course served as treatment-as-usual control groups. Throughout the semester, students reported their writing process and attitudes toward writing. Student writing was evaluated using an APA-style scoring instrument. Students in the experimental and control conditions were not …

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