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2014

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Articles 2131 - 2160 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Life Course Perspective Of Delinquency: An Empirical Analysis Of Female Juvenile Offending From The National Youth Survey, Doshie Piper Jan 2014

The Life Course Perspective Of Delinquency: An Empirical Analysis Of Female Juvenile Offending From The National Youth Survey, Doshie Piper

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.


Not Just A Women’S Issue: How Male Undergraduate Students Understand Their Development As Social Justice Allies For Preventing Men’S Violence Against Women, Alexandra M. Minieri Jan 2014

Not Just A Women’S Issue: How Male Undergraduate Students Understand Their Development As Social Justice Allies For Preventing Men’S Violence Against Women, Alexandra M. Minieri

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Men’s violence against women includes acquaintance rape, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and partner stalking and occurs at particularly high rates on college campuses (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Although men are increasingly becoming involved in efforts to prevent these forms of violence, little is known about their motivation and the processes that lead to their involvement. The purpose of this project was to examine how undergraduate male students become social justice allies involved in preventing men’s violence against women. The theoretical frameworks of this study included transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1997, 2000) and feminist theory (Worell & Remer, 2003). …


Childhood Trauma-Related Nightmares: The Impact Of Exposure, Relaxation, And Rescripting Therapy On Cognitive Functioning, Susan E. Ocean Jan 2014

Childhood Trauma-Related Nightmares: The Impact Of Exposure, Relaxation, And Rescripting Therapy On Cognitive Functioning, Susan E. Ocean

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Trauma experiences are, unfortunately, a common part of childhood in the United States and are connected to serious health-related concerns throughout childhood and adulthood. A primary symptom of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress is re-experiencing, which often occurs in the form of nightmares. Though cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) is currently the most well supported treatment model for trauma-exposure, it does not specifically address nightmares. Left untreated, trauma-related nightmares may become chronic, impairing quality and quantity of sleep, and exacerbating and perpetuating trauma symptoms. Quality sleep is a necessary element of healthy child development. Trauma experiences and inadequate sleep have been …


Verbal Overshadowing And The Effects Of Earwitness Testimony On The Likelihood Of Correct Identification Of Target Voices, John P. Buckley Iii Jan 2014

Verbal Overshadowing And The Effects Of Earwitness Testimony On The Likelihood Of Correct Identification Of Target Voices, John P. Buckley Iii

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Verbal overshadowing is the process by which verbalizing memory interferes with the original memory (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). While verbal overshadowing is robust with eyewitness events, it is not a definite occurrence. However, can verbal overshadowing affect memories of auditory information? Previous research on earwitness testimony has shown a verbal overshadowing effect in which the ability to accurately identify a witness's voice is impaired after verbally describing the voice participants heard (Perfect, Hunt, & Harris, 2002). I examined how voice lineup identification may be influenced by verbally describing a presented voice, a nonpresented voice, or an unrelated event. Results did …


The Benefits Of Breastfeeding, Avery Kordus Jan 2014

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding, Avery Kordus

Senior Honors Theses

Breastfeeding research is plentiful, and the majority of the literature shows that breast milk is the superior form of infant nutrition except in the rare circumstances of infant metabolic disorders, maternal drug use, or positive HIV status. In comparison to formula, breast milk provides improved cognition, development, behavior, bonding, nutrition, digestion, immunity, and long-term health with fewer diseases and conditions in infants. Mothers are benefited by breastfeeding through bonding, faster weight loss, and reduction in certain cancers and conditions. Breast milk contains the proper amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and is also specialized for each infant and …


Factors That Influence The Stigma Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anna M. Chester Jan 2014

Factors That Influence The Stigma Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anna M. Chester

All Master's Theses

The current study focused on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and how factors such as gender or military status and precipitating trauma associated with the disorder influenced the occurrence or strength of the participants' perceived and personal stigma and desired social distance to the individual suffering from PTSD. Participants' PTSD knowledge was measured and evaluated as a potential covariate. Three hundred and thirty male and female undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 experimental vignettes that varied by gender, military status, and precipitating trauma associated with an individual suffering from PTSD. Results supported one of the proposed hypotheses: knowledge …


Wild Minds: Adventure Therapy, Ecopsychology, And The Rewilding Of Humanity, William Hafford Jan 2014

Wild Minds: Adventure Therapy, Ecopsychology, And The Rewilding Of Humanity, William Hafford

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation sits at the intersection of ecopsychology and adventure therapy. It explores humankind’s relationship with nature and wilderness, as well as the co-evolution of ecopsychology and adventure therapy within the field of psychology. The primary aim of this dissertation is to lay the groundwork for rewilding humanity with the specific focus of providing practitioners with a compelling case for intentionally integrating ecopsychology with their adventure therapy practice. This theoretical paper concludes with a suggested expansion of ethics and competencies for adventure therapists.


Coping Responses And Mental Health Symptoms In Incarcerated Juvenile Males, Jennifer Renae Newhard Jan 2014

Coping Responses And Mental Health Symptoms In Incarcerated Juvenile Males, Jennifer Renae Newhard

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Coping responses develop throughout the lifespan of an individual. Unfortunately for some, difficult life circumstances may lead to the use of maladaptive forms of coping. This study investigated coping responses amongst male incarcerated juvenile offenders and examined which specific mental health symptoms may occur with specific coping responses. The goal of this study was to determine whether male incarcerated juvenile offenders utilize avoidant coping responses over approach coping responses. Also, this study investigated whether specific mental health symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, anger, and disruptive behaviors, were more prevalent amongst those who utilize avoidant coping responses. De-identified, archival data for …


To Bend But Not Break: Adult Views On Resilience, Ann Korn Jan 2014

To Bend But Not Break: Adult Views On Resilience, Ann Korn

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

A universal definition of resilience does not exist amongst researchers in the social sciences, making comparisons between studies nearly impossible. Added to this dilemma is that researchers hold divergent theories regarding the origin of resilience, whether it is a static trait across the span of a lifetime or more fluid phenomenon in response to life experience. Furthermore, the importance of resilience and the question of its commonality among individuals continue to be debated. A common thread, however, weaves through research: participants in the studies have not been asked for their views. A gap of understanding about the meaning and importance …


Father Attachment Predicts Adolescent Girls' Social And Emotional Development, Reena Sandhu Jan 2014

Father Attachment Predicts Adolescent Girls' Social And Emotional Development, Reena Sandhu

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The principle focus of research on parental attachment and involvement has been about mothers and their young children, with the role of fathers relatively neglected. In addition, the study of father–child relational processes during the adolescent period has been meager, compared to mother–child influences during adolescence. The few studies on father–adolescent relationships rarely focused on the father–daughter attachment bond. This research study aimed primarily to consider the nature of father attachment on the social and emotional development of adolescent girls. The variables of interest were Father Attachment, Social Problems, Social Competence, and Internalizing Behavioral Problems, as perceived by adolescent girls. …


The Effect Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid In A Mouse Model Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Rosalind Chaffee Jan 2014

The Effect Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid In A Mouse Model Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Rosalind Chaffee

All Master's Theses

The goals of the experiment presented in this thesis were threefold. The primary goal was to construct a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from an existing rat model that utilizes predator scent exposure as a traumatic event that then triggers changes in anxiety-like behavior. The second goal of the experiment was to study the rate of occurrence of PTSD in female and male mice to determine whether the model would mirror the higher rate of PTSD observed in women. Finally, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a protective element in biological susceptibility to PTSD was assessed via …


Gesture Sequence In Captive Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus), Amanda Leone Carner Jan 2014

Gesture Sequence In Captive Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus), Amanda Leone Carner

All Master's Theses

The most flexible form of communication may be gestures used by large body apes. The current study focused on gesture sequence in five captive orangutans at Woodland Park Zoo. We observed 305 gestures with 185 gestures (60.65%) occurring in 61 sequences in 2,482 minutes of data. Overall, orangutans used 272 tactile gestures (89 .18% ), 29 visual gestures (9 .50%) and 4 facial expressions ( 1.31 % ). In sequence, orangutans used 176 tactile gestures (95.14%), 7 visual gestures (3.78%), and 2 facial expressions (1.08%). Overall, a two-way repeated measure ANOV A showed significantly more tactile (x=26.9) than visual (x=2.9) …


Exercise Habits, Mindfulness, And Indicators Of Mental Health Among College Students, Emily R. Faust Jan 2014

Exercise Habits, Mindfulness, And Indicators Of Mental Health Among College Students, Emily R. Faust

All Master's Theses

The differences in levels of mindfulness and indicators of mental health were examined between groups of individuals currently engaging in various types of exercise. Eighty-two undergraduate and graduate-level college students completed an online survey regarding their past and current exercise habits and their levels of mindfulness, stress, anxiety, and affect. Four exercise groups, matched on age and gender, were created based on the types of exercise that participants reported currently engaging in: (a) yoga plus any other type of exercise; (b) aerobic exercise only; ( c) more than one type of exercise; ( d) no current activity. The results showed …


Using Behavioral Skills Training And Videotaped Vignettes To Teach Accurate Recording Of Behavior To In-Service Teachers Of Children With Autism, Nicole Marie Hoffman Jan 2014

Using Behavioral Skills Training And Videotaped Vignettes To Teach Accurate Recording Of Behavior To In-Service Teachers Of Children With Autism, Nicole Marie Hoffman

All Master's Theses

Research on staff training demonstrates a need for better training of service providers in applied settings (Frazier, 1972; Love, Carr, LeBlanc, & Kisamore, 2013; Parsons, Rollyson, & Reid, 2012). Well-trained staff members increase the likelihood that instructional programs are implemented with a high degree of procedural integrity (Catania, Almeida, Liu-Constant, & Reed, 2009), that is, all people implement a given procedure exactly as designed. Four in-service teachers of children with autism observed several You Tube TM videos and were asked to record instances of a given target behavior using three interval recording strategies. The three interval recording strategies that were …


Punishment-Free Toilet Training For Children With Autism: Silent Urine Alarms, Joy Mayer Gulseth Jan 2014

Punishment-Free Toilet Training For Children With Autism: Silent Urine Alarms, Joy Mayer Gulseth

All Master's Theses

The current study aimed to examine the effects of punishment-free toilet training procedures on successful toilet training in two children with autism. The participants had no previous experience with any toilet-training procedures. This study employed the use of scheduled sits, positive reinforcement for sitting and for successful in-toilet urinations, and use of silent urine alarms that signal accidents to parents or caregivers, but not to the child. Toilet-training procedures were conducted across the participant's home and school settings by the principal investigator, research associates, parents, and teachers. One participant made significant progress toward becoming toilet-trained. The other failed to show …


The Predoctoral Psychology Internship Imbalance: The Impact On Unmatched Applicants, Chastity Chartier Jan 2014

The Predoctoral Psychology Internship Imbalance: The Impact On Unmatched Applicants, Chastity Chartier

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The predoctoral internship is a required component of training to complete a doctoral degree in the field of psychology. Most psychology students participate in the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) Match in hopes of securing an internship that meets their training needs and complements their developing professional identities. However, there are more applicants than there are positions available, and the imbalance rate is considered to have reached crisis proportions, with approximately a quarter of psychology students remaining unplaced following the Match. The implications of not matching to an internship are devastating to the applicants. The impacts of …


Understanding Peritraumatic Dissociation: Evolution-Prepared Dissociation, Tonic Immobility, And Clinical Dissociation, Laura A. Halvorsen Jan 2014

Understanding Peritraumatic Dissociation: Evolution-Prepared Dissociation, Tonic Immobility, And Clinical Dissociation, Laura A. Halvorsen

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Current literature on the relationship between posttraumatic symptoms and dissociation that occurs during the time of a trauma, or peritraumatic dissociation, appears to be contradictory and inconclusive. Conflicting findings in the empirical literature that disagree on the nature of this association (whether peritraumatic dissociation is a risk factor for PTSD or a neutral or even protective evolutionarily-derived phenomenon) may originate from the lack of conceptual clarity regarding the construct of dissociation, and lack of differentiation between peritraumatic dissociation and dissociation that persists after a traumatic event. This dissertation details a theory for differentiating clusters of peritraumatic dissociation based on distinct …


(2014) Dialogic Schooling, David K. Kennedy Jan 2014

(2014) Dialogic Schooling, David K. Kennedy

Collected Papers of David Kennedy

This paper offers a genealogy of dialogic education, tracing its origins in Romantic epistemology and corresponding philosophy of childhood, and identifying it as a counterpoint to the purposes and assumptions of universal, compulsory, state-imposed and regulated schooling. Dialogic education has historically worked against the grain of standardized mass education, not only in its view of the nature, capacities and potentialities of children (and therefore of adults as well), but in its economic, political and social views, for which childhood is understood as a promissory condition. Dialogic education is oriented to what Dewey called “a future new society of changed purposes …


From Alarm To Action: Closing The Gap Between Belief And Behavior In Response To Climate Change, Kathryn Laing Doherty Jan 2014

From Alarm To Action: Closing The Gap Between Belief And Behavior In Response To Climate Change, Kathryn Laing Doherty

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The degree to which the climate continues to change will largely be determined by choices made by individuals and nations regarding greenhouse gas emissions. Many Americans engage in energy conservation actions. But, the political will in the United States to adopt emissions reduction policies is unlikely to exist without public demand. Therefore, public mitigation actions of individuals (e.g., contacting elected officials in support of emissions reduction) are critical to induce legislative response. The majority of individuals who are most concerned about climate change (the “Alarmed” segment) do not engage in public mitigation actions, but some do. The purpose of this …


Seasoned Psychotherapists' Experience Of Difficult Clinical Moments, Kirk J. Honda Jan 2014

Seasoned Psychotherapists' Experience Of Difficult Clinical Moments, Kirk J. Honda

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Purpose: This phenomenological study was concerned with the clarification of the experience of the difficult clinical moment which is defined as a discrete moment in which the psychotherapist experiences distress as a result of his or her work with a client. Method: Retrospective descriptions of experience of difficult clinical moments were obtained from a diverse sample of ten seasoned psychotherapists in the Seattle area. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed, and summarized, and these summaries were confirmed by each participant as being an accurate representation of their experience. Results: Thematic analysis revealed six themes of experience during a difficult clinical moment: …


Factors In Optimal Collaboration Between Psychologists And Primary Healthcare Physicians, Margaret A. Drewlo Jan 2014

Factors In Optimal Collaboration Between Psychologists And Primary Healthcare Physicians, Margaret A. Drewlo

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This survey study explored factors in optimal collaboration between registered psychologists and primary healthcare physicians (PHCP). With rising costs of healthcare, healthcare funding cuts, and changes in the way healthcare delivery is perceived, interprofessional collaboration is timely to explore. In particular, the attitudes of registered psychologists about salient factors noted in the collaboration literature, such as education and training, accessibility, and communication factors are important to the practice of psychology. As part of the exploratory nature of the study, questions about gender and hierarchy were also presented. While most data were quantitative, qualitative data were gathered on 6 of the …


Narratives Of Women Who Suffered Social Exclusion In Elementary School, Sarah Sunrise Allen Jan 2014

Narratives Of Women Who Suffered Social Exclusion In Elementary School, Sarah Sunrise Allen

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Social aggression among children in schools is an old problem that has received some attention in recent years. The long-term influence of early experiences of social exclusion for women is underrepresented in the literature. In this qualitative study, a narrative, autobiographical approach is used to explore the life narratives of five adult women who experienced peer rejection, social exclusion, and/or harassment during elementary school. Literature related to social exclusion and narrative identity is reviewed. Autobiographical narratives were collected using life history interviews with a narrative methodology. The women interviewed
self-identified as having experienced social exclusion in childhood and provided accounts …


Juvenile Psychopathy: Instrumental Versus Reactive Aggression In Male And Female Juvenile Offenders, Marielena P. Tecce Jan 2014

Juvenile Psychopathy: Instrumental Versus Reactive Aggression In Male And Female Juvenile Offenders, Marielena P. Tecce

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Over the past decade, the profusion of literature examining the downward extension of psychopathy to juvenile populations has been met with much debate and controversy. The focus remains on the accuracy of assessment and the negative effects from the premature application of labeling a juvenile a psychopath. The current study investigated the relationship between psychopathy and aggression by exploring the relationship between types of aggression (instrumental and reactive) and psychopathic traits in juvenile offenders. This study examined archived file information for male and female (N = 134) juvenile offenders (ages 13-17) referred for diagnostic and psychological evaluation services by …


The Dimensions Of Hardiness And Resiliency For Combat Ptsd, Warren Joseph Avery Jan 2014

The Dimensions Of Hardiness And Resiliency For Combat Ptsd, Warren Joseph Avery

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Research suggests that the personality factor hardiness may aid in resilience to combat PTSD. The need to understand resiliency factors like hardiness becomes more urgent as the depth of the epidemic of combat PTSD among veterans becomes more evident. Hardiness consists of three dimensions: (a) commitment, (b) control, and (c) challenge. This study was designed to explore the relationship between the dimensions of hardiness and combat PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. Participants were contacted through college veterans offices across the nation, and measures were anonymously completed online. Veterans who participated in the study …


Optimism And Planning For Future Care Needs Among Older Adults, Silvia Sörensen, Jameson K. Hirsch, Jeffrey M. Lyness Jan 2014

Optimism And Planning For Future Care Needs Among Older Adults, Silvia Sörensen, Jameson K. Hirsch, Jeffrey M. Lyness

ETSU Faculty Works

Aging is associated with an increase in need for assistance. Preparation for future care (PFC) is related to improved coping ability as well as better mental and physical health outcomes among older adults. We examined the association of optimism with components of PFC among older adults. We also explored race differences in the relationship between optimism and PFC. In Study 1, multiple regression showed that optimism was positively related to concrete planning. In Study 2, optimism was related to gathering information. An exploratory analysis combining the samples yielded a race interaction: For Whites higher optimism, but for Blacks lower optimism …


Child Advocacy Center Based Group Treatment For Child Sexual Abuse, Grace S. Hubel, Christopher Campbell, Tiffany West, Samantha Friedenberg, Alayna Schreier, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen Jan 2014

Child Advocacy Center Based Group Treatment For Child Sexual Abuse, Grace S. Hubel, Christopher Campbell, Tiffany West, Samantha Friedenberg, Alayna Schreier, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study examines initial symptom presentation among participants, outcomes, and social validity for a group treatment for child sexual abuse delivered at a child advocacy center. Participants were 97 children and their nonoffending caregivers who were referred to Project SAFE (Sexual Abuse Family Education), a standardized, 12-week cognitive-behavioral group treatment for families who have experienced child sexual abuse. Sixty-four percent of children presented with clinically significant symptoms on at least one measure with established clinical cutoffs. Caregivers of children who presented with clinically significant symptoms reported more distress about their competence as caregivers. Children who presented as subclinical were …


Emerging Adults' Friendships And Group Identification : Differential Associations With Well-Being, Ethan Wolf Jan 2014

Emerging Adults' Friendships And Group Identification : Differential Associations With Well-Being, Ethan Wolf

Honors Theses

Happiness is a universally desirable state that humans inherently strive to achieve. Researchers have come up with different ways of operationalizing this universal construct, but have generally agreed that happiness can be considered as the frequent presence of positive affect (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). There is a reason we love being happy, and the associations between happiness and success in numerous life domains have been long documented. However, research shows that happiness is more than just a byproduct of successful outcomes and in fact contributes to life success. Positive affect and emotions leads to feelings of confidence, self-efficacy, optimism, …


Links Between Friendship, Psychological Symptoms, And Academic Adjustment In An Emerging Adulthood Sample, Lisa Sample Jan 2014

Links Between Friendship, Psychological Symptoms, And Academic Adjustment In An Emerging Adulthood Sample, Lisa Sample

Honors Theses

It is well established that peer relationships, including friendships, have an important influence on children’s adjustment in school (Buhs & Ladd, 2001; Guay, Boivin, & Hodges, 1999). Friendship might contribute to success in school because this relationship often serves as a source of social and emotional support for the child. When a child feels comfortable in his or her environment, he or she is more readily able to participate in his or her learning (Buhs & Ladd, 2001).


The Contribution Of The Therapist’S Competence In The Treatment Of Adolescents With Generalized Social Phobia, José Olivares, Pablo J. Olivares-Olivares, Ana I. Rosa-Alcázar, Luis Montesinos, Diego Macià Anton Jan 2014

The Contribution Of The Therapist’S Competence In The Treatment Of Adolescents With Generalized Social Phobia, José Olivares, Pablo J. Olivares-Olivares, Ana I. Rosa-Alcázar, Luis Montesinos, Diego Macià Anton

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore which of the outcomes attained by the application of the psychological program Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social (Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia) can be attributed to the therapist’s competence. Method: The experimental study consists of three conditions: Waiting list control, Group treated by expert psychologists, and Group treated by inexperienced psychologists, with a sample of 110 Spanish adolescents whose mean age was 15.42 years (SD = 0.97, range: 14-18). All participants met the criteria for diagnosis of Generalized Social Phobia) and most of them were female (65.45%). Results: (i) …


Songs You Know By Heart: Alcohol, Promiscuous Sex, Drugs, And Escape In Jimmy Buffett’S Music, Eve M. Brank, Kathleen A. Fox, Victoria Kaspar Jan 2014

Songs You Know By Heart: Alcohol, Promiscuous Sex, Drugs, And Escape In Jimmy Buffett’S Music, Eve M. Brank, Kathleen A. Fox, Victoria Kaspar

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Some researchers argue singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett’s lyrics focus on alcohol, promiscuous sex, and drugs, while others say Buffett’s music has changed since he sold out to corporate sponsorship. Results from a systematic coding of all 386 of his songs released since 1969 indicate Buffett’s music is more about escape and irony than deviant behaviors. Furthermore, lyric themes remain largely unaltered even through an increase in his popularity and corporate sponsorship.