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2014

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Articles 2101 - 2130 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Complete Issue - Volume 2, Number 1 (2014) Jan 2014

Complete Issue - Volume 2, Number 1 (2014)

Commonwealth Review of Political Science

Complete Issue

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Modulation Of Variation By Response-Reward Spatial Proximity, Kenneth J. Leising, Chad M. Ruprecht, W. David Stahlman Jan 2014

Modulation Of Variation By Response-Reward Spatial Proximity, Kenneth J. Leising, Chad M. Ruprecht, W. David Stahlman

Psychological Science Articles

There has been a recent surge in the experimental investigation of the control of behavioral variability. Currently, it is understood that variability in behavior is predictably modulated by reinforcement parameters (e.g., a probability of reward delivery and reward magnitude). In two experiments, we investigated how spatial proximity between response and reward locations impacts the production of behavioral variability in both response rate and lever press duration. Rats were trained to lever press on two levers in a standard operant chamber that only differed from one another in their proximity to a food niche (i.e., Near vs. Far); a second experimental …

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Teacher Attitudes Toward Post-Secondary Transition Planning, Vicki Wallen Jan 2014

Teacher Attitudes Toward Post-Secondary Transition Planning, Vicki Wallen

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study is to survey special education teachers in a rural high school in a rural Mid-Atlantic state. The survey collected data about attitudes and perceptions of the transition planning process and how these attitudes impact the amount of instructional time that is spent teaching self-determination skills to their students. Generally, the survey results indicated that although teachers feel that transition planning is important, they also find it difficult to incorporate self-determination instruction with the Common Core curriculum. Less than half of the respondents indicated that they feel as though the transition curriculum that they use effectively …

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School Resources And Student Outcomes In Kentucky Public High Schools, Martin Battle, James C. Clinger Jan 2014

School Resources And Student Outcomes In Kentucky Public High Schools, Martin Battle, James C. Clinger

Commonwealth Review of Political Science

This paper examines the effect of various input measures upon student outcomes within Kentucky public high schools from 2001 to 2004, using a pooled, cross­ sectional time series research design with panel-coIlected standard errors (PCSE). The results indicate mixed support for the proposition that school resources are related to desired school outcomes. Overall school spending seems to have no systematic impact Schools that seem to perform well have few indigent students, many teachers with master's degrees, and fairly high numbers of volunteers. The authors offer some conjectures about the significance and meaning of these findings, especially in light of different …

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The Fragility Of Persistently Economically Distressed Counties In Central Appalachia And The Promise Of Public Leadership, Christine E. Emrich, Stephen Lange, Blake Bedingfield, Bonita Fraley, Justin May, Kyle Yarawsky Jan 2014

The Fragility Of Persistently Economically Distressed Counties In Central Appalachia And The Promise Of Public Leadership, Christine E. Emrich, Stephen Lange, Blake Bedingfield, Bonita Fraley, Justin May, Kyle Yarawsky

Commonwealth Review of Political Science

Appalachia has long experienced economic distress, but significant progress has been made since the establishment of the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) in the 1960s. However, many counties in central Appalachia continue to experience persistent economic distress despite several advantages that are normally conducive to progress. This study examines Rowan County, Kentucky in comparison to four other rural Kentucky counties with varying degrees of economic progress. Quantitative comparisons were made on the basis of out-migration, educational attainment, and industrial diversity. Qualitative data was then gathered till·ough interviews to understand decisive events that affected progress as well as long-term causes of change …

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Violent Video Games And Symptoms Of Distress And Trauma, Brendan J. Mccollum Jan 2014

Violent Video Games And Symptoms Of Distress And Trauma, Brendan J. Mccollum

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Much of the research involving detrimental effects of violent video games has focused primarily on aggression and desensitization of pain. To date there is no known research that examines whether video games can cause traumatic symptoms. However, there is research that suggests horror movies cause traumatic symptoms (Carleton et al., 2011). Given that video games can immerse people far more than a movie in terms of active participation, one could infer that traumatic symptoms would be even greater when playing a violent video game. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether violent video games could elicit symptoms …

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Exercise Behavior Patterns In Emerging Adulthood: An Exploration Of Predictor Variables From Self-Determination Theory And Transtheoretical Model, Chad R. Johnson Jan 2014

Exercise Behavior Patterns In Emerging Adulthood: An Exploration Of Predictor Variables From Self-Determination Theory And Transtheoretical Model, Chad R. Johnson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

During the transition from childhood to adulthood, young people establish patterns of behavior and make lifestyle choices that affect both their current and future health (NCHS, 2010). Emerging adulthood – a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties – focuses on individuals ages 18-25 who did not have a child, own a home, or have sufficient income to be fully independent (Arnett, 2000). Very little is known about social influence, motivational mediators, and motivation on exercise behavior within this developmental period. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of …

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An Examination Of Behavioral And Temporal Consistency Of Pre-Performance Routines In Ncaa Division I Basketball Free Throw Shooting – A Naturalist Observational Investigation, Jacob Blumberg Jan 2014

An Examination Of Behavioral And Temporal Consistency Of Pre-Performance Routines In Ncaa Division I Basketball Free Throw Shooting – A Naturalist Observational Investigation, Jacob Blumberg

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that pre-performance routines positively influence performance of closed and self-paced skills (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Cohn, 1990; Otto et al., 2011). Boutcher and Crews (1987) suggested that pre-performance routines improve performance by helping reduce anxiety along with helping athletes’ retain mental sharpness and focus. Furthermore, several quantitative studies have examined the influence of both behavioral and temporal consistency of pre-performance routines on the success of a skill, yielding inconsistent results (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Lobmeyer & Wasserman, 1986; Lonsdale & Tam, 2008; Jackson, 2003). However, research examining this phenomenon from a qualitative and naturalistic observational perspective is …

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Childhood Trauma, Self-Esteem, And Helping Behaviors: Does History Of Trauma Predict Helping?, Adriana B. Joseph Jan 2014

Childhood Trauma, Self-Esteem, And Helping Behaviors: Does History Of Trauma Predict Helping?, Adriana B. Joseph

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

There is insufficient evidence from the available research to fully determine the relationship between self-esteem and helping behaviors. Specifically, some findings indicate that those with lower self-esteem are less likely to help others than those with higher self-esteem (Michelini, Wilson, & Messe, 1975), while others show the opposite trend (Briggs, Landry, & Wood, 2007). Individuals with a history of childhood trauma are more likely to report low self-esteem than those with no history of childhood trauma (Valerio & Lepper, 2009); also, those with a history of trauma are more likely to help others (Frazier, Greer, Gabrielsen, Tennen, Park, & Tomlich, …

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The Relationship Between Social Media And Empathy, Franklin M. Collins Jan 2014

The Relationship Between Social Media And Empathy, Franklin M. Collins

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The relationship between social media and empathy has not been explored extensively. Research on the expression of emotion and the association with empathy displayed on social media websites have been minimally explored. This study sought to support findings that chatting online leads to expressions of empathy (Rosen, 2012) and a positive relationship exists between conversing with others online and empathic expression (Ivcevic & Ambady, 2012. Empathic concern was hypothesized to show a positive relationship with one’s likelihood to chat, time on Facebook, and emotional connection to Facebook or Facebook usage. Empathic concern also was predicted to be greater among computer …

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Effects Of Brief Motivational Interviewing On Motivation For Weight Loss, Krystal Marie Waldo Jan 2014

Effects Of Brief Motivational Interviewing On Motivation For Weight Loss, Krystal Marie Waldo

LSU Master's Theses

Obesity rates have continued to increase over the past decade with a current estimate of 35.7% of adults who are obese in the United States. Several behavioral weight loss programs are available to individuals, which typically lead to a 10% decrease in body weight; however, most individuals begin gaining weight after six months. Long-term weight maintenance interventions may be needed to help individuals keep the weight off and more cost-effective, and tailored weight-loss treatments need to be available. Motivation may play an important role in long-term weight maintenance. Self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1995) states that it is important …

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Teachers' Perspectives On The Need And Acceptability Of School-Based Identification And Treatment For Children Exposed To Violence: A Mixed-Methods Approach, Rachel Marie Olinger Jan 2014

Teachers' Perspectives On The Need And Acceptability Of School-Based Identification And Treatment For Children Exposed To Violence: A Mixed-Methods Approach, Rachel Marie Olinger

LSU Master's Theses

Increasing research has emerged in the last decade focusing on interventions for youth experiencing difficulties due to traumatic experiences in their lives. In addition, recent literature has proposed that schools may in fact be an effective location for the delivery of mental health services to these children and, that teachers and school staff may be effective at implementing the proposed interventions. However, trauma is a broad term often used to describe a wide range of stressful situations for students, each of which has varying degrees of influence. With the increase of violence exposure for youth in their homes, schools, and …

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Feedback As A Source Of Criterion Noise In Recognition Memory, Bryan Franks Jan 2014

Feedback As A Source Of Criterion Noise In Recognition Memory, Bryan Franks

LSU Master's Theses

In two experiments, I investigated whether providing accuracy feedback on recognition memory tests affects discriminability of encoded targets from lures. The primary hypothesis was that feedback is a source of criterion noise which leads to lower discriminability. Additionally, it was predicted that separate sources of criterion noise might have additive effects. In both experiments, the presence of feedback was manipulated within-subjects. In Experiment 1, participants completed two recognition tests in which they made either “old/new” decisions or responded using an 8-point confidence scale. Feedback lowered discriminability for both response type conditions, although a slightly larger deleterious effect was observed in …

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Autism Severity And Comorbid Symptoms In Children With Asd, Jina Jang Jan 2014

Autism Severity And Comorbid Symptoms In Children With Asd, Jina Jang

LSU Master's Theses

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are reported to evince high rates of comorbid symptoms. Co-occurring disorders among individuals with ASD are often difficult to assess and diagnose accurately. Also, comorbid conditions frequently exacerbate symptoms of ASD. Different treatment regimens may be effective for comorbid symptoms in ASD; however, research looking at comorbid symptoms and ASD is limited. The current study aimed to extend the literature in this area by examining the relationship between ASD and comorbid symptoms. First, the current study assessed how often and how severely comorbid symptoms were endorsed. Further, autism severity was used to predict comorbid …

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The Effect Of Habituation And Changes In Cognition On Anxious Children's Performance On The Wisc-Iv, Franziska Noack Jan 2014

The Effect Of Habituation And Changes In Cognition On Anxious Children's Performance On The Wisc-Iv, Franziska Noack

LSU Master's Theses

Researchers have shown that children with anxiety disorders perform worse on intelligence tests than children with no diagnosable disorders. At this point, two theories have been put forth to describe the direction of this relationship: anxiety results in lowered test performance, and underlying cognitive deficits result in the development of anxiety. Lowered test performance as a result of anxiety may either be due to attention-deficits due to state anxiety or anxiety-elicited difficulties with long-term retention and learning. The purpose of this study was to further examine the first theory: that clinical levels of anxiety can hamper intelligence test performance in …

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The Moderating Effect Of Gender On The Relationship Between Socialization And Internalizing Problems In Early Childhood, Hilary Lynn Adams Jan 2014

The Moderating Effect Of Gender On The Relationship Between Socialization And Internalizing Problems In Early Childhood, Hilary Lynn Adams

LSU Master's Theses

Researchers in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have confirmed that comorbidities are a common problem among diagnosed individuals. Current estimates suggest that more than two thirds meet criteria for an additional diagnosis of psychopathology. In particular, rates of several internalizing problems (i.e., anxiety, depression) appear to be greater for individuals with ASD than their typically developing counterparts. However, little research has been conducted examining factors apart from autism symptomatology that could influence this prevalence difference. Additionally, it is well established that anxiety and depression are more common in females than males in the general population. However, few studies …

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Examination Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Other School-Based Factors And Teacher Self-Efficacy, Elise C. Mciver Jan 2014

Examination Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Other School-Based Factors And Teacher Self-Efficacy, Elise C. Mciver

LSU Master's Theses

Years of failed school reform speak to the need for a larger body of evidence that prioritizes the factors documented to be pivotal to student success. Research consistently demonstrates that teachers may be the most influential factor; therefore, it is necessary to critically understand the skills and personal competencies retained by highly effective teachers. One such competency is teacher self-efficacy, which is broadly defined as a belief in one’s abilities to influence student achievement. The construct has been shown to relate to a host of positive outcomes for both teachers and students. Given the significance of and implications for teacher …

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Memory Self-Efficacy And Beliefs About Memory Controllability In Late Life, Bethany A. Lyon Jan 2014

Memory Self-Efficacy And Beliefs About Memory Controllability In Late Life, Bethany A. Lyon

LSU Master's Theses

The Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) model for lifespan development (Baltes & Baltes, 1990) holds that as we age, our goals change from growth to maintenance. When people face difficulties, they work to minimize losses in order to maintain skills they already have physically, mentally, and socially. Thus, we compensate when possible in order to maintain the life we have established. In the case of memory people assume that there is little they can do when memory starts to fail and forgetfulness becomes more prominent. In the present research, we examine memory self-appraisals to provide new evidence on memory self-efficacy …

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Examination Of The Differential Effectiveness Of Interdependent And Dependent Group Contingencies In Reducing Disruptive Behavior In The Classroom, Kelsey Lynn Hartman Jan 2014

Examination Of The Differential Effectiveness Of Interdependent And Dependent Group Contingencies In Reducing Disruptive Behavior In The Classroom, Kelsey Lynn Hartman

LSU Master's Theses

Disruptive behavior in the classroom negatively affects all students’ academic engagement, achievement, and behavior. Group contingencies have been proven effective in reducing disruptive behavior as part of behavior interventions in the classroom. The Good Behavior Game is a classwide intervention that employs an interdependent group contingency to diminish disruptive behavior. Previous research comparing the effects of the different group contingencies has been inconclusive, inconsistent or unable to rule out sequence effects. This study employed an alternating treatments design across 3 elementary classrooms to compare the effectiveness of interdependent and dependent group contingencies in decreasing disruptive behavior. Results showed that the …

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What To Expect When You're Expecting: Gaps In Utility Perceptions Of The Online Adult Learner, Byron Shane Lowery Jan 2014

What To Expect When You're Expecting: Gaps In Utility Perceptions Of The Online Adult Learner, Byron Shane Lowery

LSU Master's Theses

The adult learner can be defined as someone who, while enrolled in an academic institution, is involved in other major life responsibilities such as work or family obligations. Recently, there has been an increase in the number working adults pursuing a college education. However, empirical research regarding the job-related utility of obtaining this education is limited. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to examine not only the expectations regarding how a degree may be useful for career advancement, but the work and life outcomes associated with obtaining the degree as well. This study examined job-related utility perceptions for obtaining an …

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Premature Birth As A Factor In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rachel Lichtenstein Goldin Jan 2014

Premature Birth As A Factor In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rachel Lichtenstein Goldin

LSU Master's Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by pervasive delays in socialization, communication, and repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. While there is a growing body of evidence on the etiology of ASD, there are a limited number of studies examining factors which may impact the differentiation of ASD compared to other developmental disabilities. Additionally, few studies have examined factors which may predict level of ASD symptom severity. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether premature birth occurs more commonly in infants and toddlers (17-37 months) with ASD than those with atypical development. A secondary aim of this study …

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The Contribution Of Comorbid Symptomology To The Social Skill Deficits In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paige Elizabeth Cervantes Jan 2014

The Contribution Of Comorbid Symptomology To The Social Skill Deficits In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paige Elizabeth Cervantes

LSU Master's Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. The onset of ASD symptomology occurs prior to 30 months of age; however, typical diagnosis is made at 3 to 4 years old. Early identification of ASD is imperative for more effective treatment and a bettered prognosis. The evaluation and treatment of ASD is complicated by high rates of comorbid psychopathology. When an individual presents with ASD and a co-occurring disorder, symptoms may manifest differently. Utilizing the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with …

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Everything Is Alright: Parental Positive Impression Management In Assessment Of Anxious Youth, Megan Elizabeth Kirkpatrick Jan 2014

Everything Is Alright: Parental Positive Impression Management In Assessment Of Anxious Youth, Megan Elizabeth Kirkpatrick

LSU Master's Theses

Lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in youth are substantial and range from 6-15%. Valid evidence-based assessments are therefore of critical importance in screening pediatric clients. Assessment of childhood disorders requires multi-informant data (e.g., parents, teachers, child); however, this presents a host of obstacles not found in adult assessment. No single source represents the gold standard and it is therefore up to the judgment of the clinician to integrate often conflicting information. Parents’ reports of their children's symptomology may be marred by their own anxious or depressive symptoms as well as conflict due to differing motivations, values, and goals. This …

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Effort-Based Decision-Making In Schizotypy, Jessica Elaina Mcgovern Jan 2014

Effort-Based Decision-Making In Schizotypy, Jessica Elaina Mcgovern

LSU Master's Theses

Avolition/apathy, defined as reduced initiation of or persistence in goal-directed behavior, is a pernicious, core negative symptom of schizophrenia. While deficits in effort-based decision-making have been proposed to underlie negative symptom deficits, it remains unknown whether subjective or objective motivation deficits are evident in individuals with elevated schizotypy, a trait associated with putative latent liability of developing psychosis. Thus, the present study examined whether and how objective and subjective motivation deficits manifest in individuals high (n = 57) versus low (n = 58) in schizotypy traits (based on a median-split of total experience scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire –Brief …

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Multivariate Generalizability Of Writing Curriculum-Based Measurement (Cbm): An Examination Of Form, Occasion, And Scoring Method, Katherine Hunter Chenier Jan 2014

Multivariate Generalizability Of Writing Curriculum-Based Measurement (Cbm): An Examination Of Form, Occasion, And Scoring Method, Katherine Hunter Chenier

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is an assessment technique that has become increasingly popular in schools, gaining importance with the recent national emphasis on school and teacher accountability for student achievement. CBM is used to monitor student performance to provide an indicator of which students are at-risk of not achieving grade level standards and thus are in need of intervention. CBM is easy to administer, utilizes standard procedures, and provides measures indicative of general achievement in various domains. The utility of CBM to measure student ability in writing has been well-established. However, there is a paucity of technical adequacy research for writing …

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Pastoral Attitudes That Predict Numerical Church Growth, David R. Dunaetz, Kenneth E. Priddy Jan 2014

Pastoral Attitudes That Predict Numerical Church Growth, David R. Dunaetz, Kenneth E. Priddy

Selected Faculty Publications

The attitudes of 92 head pastors were measured concerning 20 ministry-relevant ideas and practices, as well as information about their church’s present numerical growth. A statistical analysis found four pastoral attitudes that predict positive or negative numerical church growth. Positive predictors of numerical church growth were strong beliefs that 1) personal and corporate prayer are important and 2) transfer growth is an indicator of congregational health. Negative predictors of numerical church growth were strong beliefs in 1) the importance of preaching and 2) the importance of outreach to the community. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in light …

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Group Dynamics, Donelson R. Forsyth Jan 2014

Group Dynamics, Donelson R. Forsyth

Bookshelf

Offering the most comprehensive treatment of groups available, Group Dynamics, sixth edition, combines an emphasis on research, empirical studies supporting theoretical understanding of groups, and extended case studies to illustrate the application of concepts to actual groups. This best-selling book builds each chapter around a real-life case, drawing on examples from a range of disciplines including psychology, law, education, sociology, and political science. Tightly weaving concepts and familiar ideas together, the text takes students beyond simple exposure to basic principles and research findings to a deeper understanding of each topic.

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Risk Factors For Physical Violence Against Partners In The U.S., K. Daniel O'Leary, Nathan L. Tintle, Evelyn Bromet Jan 2014

Risk Factors For Physical Violence Against Partners In The U.S., K. Daniel O'Leary, Nathan L. Tintle, Evelyn Bromet

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Objective: To examine unique and relative predictive values of demographic, social learning, developmental, psychopathology, and dyadic variables as risk factors for perpetration of intimate partner physical aggression in a national sample of married or cohabiting individuals. Method: Men (n = 798) and women (n = 770) were selected from the public use data file of the 2003 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) which used a multistage cluster sampling design. Results: Eight percent of women and 5% of men reported perpetrating physical aggression in the past year. Based on multivariable regression analyses, among men, the unique risk factors for perpetrating physical …

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An Exploratory Study Of Gait And Balance In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Krystal Mircovich Jan 2014

An Exploratory Study Of Gait And Balance In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Krystal Mircovich

Honors Theses

Research suggests that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display movement impairments that are distinct from typically developing peers. Results from numerous studies suggest various and inconsistent findings. Therefore, movement differences in children with ASD should continue to be assessed. The current study examined the characteristics of gait and balance in children with ASD, between the ages of 7 and 11, by comparing behavioral observation and parent report. As two of the most frequent behaviors of movement and two of the main movements implicated in neurological disorders, an evaluation of how these behaviors differ in children with ASD will offer …

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The Influence Of Possible Selves On Global Citizenship Identification, Marion E. Blake, Stephen Reysen Jan 2014

The Influence Of Possible Selves On Global Citizenship Identification, Marion E. Blake, Stephen Reysen

Faculty Publications

We examined the influence of a ‘possible self’ activity on antecedents, identification, and outcomes of global citizenship. Participants wrote about either hoped-for selves as active global citizens, feared selves as inactive global citizens, or a typical day (control) and then answered questions to gauge their global citizen identification. Results show that the saliency of a feared self as an inactive global citizen led to greater identification with the global citizen identity. A structural equation model shows that feared self (vs hoped-for self) predicted greater global citizenship identification, through the perception of one’s normative environment as prescribing a global citizen identity …

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