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2014

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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Psychology Doctoral Students’ Perspectives On Addressing Spirituality And Religion With Clients: Associations With Personal Preferences And Training, Stephen M. Saunders, Megan Lynn Petrik, Melissa L. Miller Feb 2014

Psychology Doctoral Students’ Perspectives On Addressing Spirituality And Religion With Clients: Associations With Personal Preferences And Training, Stephen M. Saunders, Megan Lynn Petrik, Melissa L. Miller

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Students (n = 543) in doctoral clinical and counseling psychology programs were surveyed about training experiences with regard to addressing the spiritual and religious beliefs and practices (SRBP) of their patients. About one fourth of the respondents indicated they had received no training related to patients’ SRBP. Another half had only read material on their own or discussed such issues with a supervisor. Nonetheless, respondents almost universally endorsed the idea that patients should be asked about spirituality and religiousness. Participants also rated the appropriateness of spiritual and religious queries that might be asked of patients. As expected, queries about …


Tracking Therapeutic Progress In An Adolescent Substance-Abuse Treatment Center, Stephen R. Lassen, Dr. M. Gawain Wells Jan 2014

Tracking Therapeutic Progress In An Adolescent Substance-Abuse Treatment Center, Stephen R. Lassen, Dr. M. Gawain Wells

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of undertaking this project was to analyze the sensitivity to change in the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ). Also, to analyze the Self-Report Version of the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ SR) and determine relationships between parent and adolescent self-reports.


Multiple Attachment Relationships: More Caregivers May Mean More Confidence To Behave Prosocially, Julie Carter, Jair Almaraz Jan 2014

Multiple Attachment Relationships: More Caregivers May Mean More Confidence To Behave Prosocially, Julie Carter, Jair Almaraz

Research on the Hill (Salt Lake City)

Most of the research on attachment relationships focuses on mothers as the primary attachment figure (Cherlin, 2013). As a society, we are seeing an increase of intergenerational caregiving for children. Mothers and Fathers are increasingly seeking their parents’ help to care for their children. Further, fathers are taking a larger role in the primary care for their children. As a result, ongoing questions about the quality of attachment relationships for multiple caregivers are beginning to rise to the top of our list of understanding attachment in general (Ireland and Pakenham, 2012). We approached 108 children coming from a variety of …


Overcoming Fear: The Effect Of Anxiolytic Medication Administration On Interval Timing Distracters, Chance Christensen Jan 2014

Overcoming Fear: The Effect Of Anxiolytic Medication Administration On Interval Timing Distracters, Chance Christensen

Research on the Hill (Salt Lake City)

Affective disorders such as depression, phobias, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder impair the ability to time in the seconds-to-minutes range, i.e., interval timing. According to the Relative Time-Sharing (RTS) model, presentation of task-irrelevant distracters during a timing task results in a delay in responding suggesting a failure to maintain subjective time in working memory, possibly due to attentional and working memory resources being diverted away from timing. Given that some anxiolytic medications have beneficial effects on attention and working memory, e.g., decreasing emotional response to negative events, we hypothesized that they would result in a decreased effect of distracters on …


Suicide Ideation And Outcome At A University Counseling Center, Melissa Kay Goates, Dr. David Vermeersch Jan 2014

Suicide Ideation And Outcome At A University Counseling Center, Melissa Kay Goates, Dr. David Vermeersch

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many institutions of higher education are expressing concern over high suicide rates amongst their students. While one recent study of suicide rates of 12 mid-western campuses reported the student suicide rate to be approximately half of the national suicide rate of 15/100000 (Silverman, Meyer, Sloane, Raffel & Pratt (1997), another review of suicide on college campuses revealed that the reported suicide rates were inconsistent, ranging from 5/100000 to 50/100000. A study by the Centers for Disease Control of the Public Health Service found that the age group with the fastest rising suicide rate was 15-24, and that those ages 20-24 …


The Effects Of The Intensive Care Unit On The Formation Of Implicit And Explicit Memories In Ards Patients, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

The Effects Of The Intensive Care Unit On The Formation Of Implicit And Explicit Memories In Ards Patients, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Each year thousands of patients become critically ill and require medical treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent literature suggests that patients recovering from critical illness have little or no recollection of their time in the ICU (1). The ICU has many features that may cause patients to become confused including isolation, sleep deprivation, and being surrounded with machines, lights, and constant noise (2). Sedative and analgesic drugs, mechanical ventilation, pain, and discomfort may also adversely affect ICU patients’ formation of memories (1).


Personality Of A Professional: Employee Perceptions, Trevor M. Jensen, Dr. Barton Poulson Jan 2014

Personality Of A Professional: Employee Perceptions, Trevor M. Jensen, Dr. Barton Poulson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ample literature has focused on how to effectively improve the work environment of medical practices. However, little research has been conducted concerning personality in a doctor’s office environment. In conversing with several local doctors, group behavior was listed as one of the most important aspects to consider in creating and maintaining a medical practice that is efficient and free of problems (N. Jorgensen, personal communication, June 5, 2000; D. Phillips, personal communication, June 10, 2000). Personality is a large component of the functioning of work groups. In a study conducted on military leaders, personality was found to be the greatest …


Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore Jan 2014

Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I received an ORCA award in December of 1999. At the time, my proposal dealt with family dynamic influences on EEG neurofeedback treatement of adolescents with ADHD. This was a multidisciplinary effort, and, to my knowledge, research of this sort had not been conducted before. Though I felt a genuine excitement at the beginning, I soon realized that I had bitten off a coordination and research effort bigger than I could chew. I had to rely on a local psychologist that I was working with for help in recruiting patients, as well as for use of his facilities and equipment, …


Informational Sources Utilized By Men With The Diagnosis Of Localized Prostate Cancer In The Selection Of Treatment, Jonathan Horey, Dr. Bruce Brown Jan 2014

Informational Sources Utilized By Men With The Diagnosis Of Localized Prostate Cancer In The Selection Of Treatment, Jonathan Horey, Dr. Bruce Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although prostate cancer is the most common malignancy affecting males in the western world, the detection and management of this disease has produced intense controversy among researchers and physicians alike. As a result, men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are forced to select a course of treatment from a confusing list of contradicting reports and limited data. The purpose of this study is to identify those sources of information that post-treatment prostate cancer patients believe were the most helpful to them when making their treatment decision as well as those sources that had the greatest impact on their treatment …


Outcome Testing And The Role Of Bilingual Fluency In A Southeast Asian Population, Shelby L. Ferrin, Dr. Michael J. Lambert Jan 2014

Outcome Testing And The Role Of Bilingual Fluency In A Southeast Asian Population, Shelby L. Ferrin, Dr. Michael J. Lambert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Psychological outcome measures are designed to measure levels of psychological functioning. Scores on such measures may be compared across time to calculate a psychotherapy client’s progress, recovery, or deterioration. Additionally, scores from large populations may be normalized to indicate what therapists designate as levels of clinical functioning. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) is one of the leading tools in this line of psychotherapy outcome research (Lambert et al., 1996). Since its development, it has been utilized in dozens of countries and translated into a handful of languages, including German, Japanese, Korean, French, and Spanish. Studies assessing the effects of culture on …


Conceptualization And Measurement Of Triarchic Abilities For Success In College-Rainbow Project, Michael E. Drebot, Dr. Paul Robinson, Dr. Robert J. Sternberg Jan 2014

Conceptualization And Measurement Of Triarchic Abilities For Success In College-Rainbow Project, Michael E. Drebot, Dr. Paul Robinson, Dr. Robert J. Sternberg

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this ongoing research project is to develop and implement a battery of tests that would supplement the current SAT I and II tests, and improve the prediction of academic performance and success of college-bound students during the crucial freshman year of college. The intent is to develop measures that would add incremental validity to the SAT’s, lending to prediction of academic achievement beyond that obtained by (a) the SAT’s and (b) high school grades. By adding new assessments to the SAT, we hope to address concerns about “at risk” students, those who presumably “under achieve,” and others …


Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is the most common cause of poisoning death in the United States.1 The cellular damage due to CO poisoning is observed in organ systems with high oxygen utilization such as the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. Neuropathological changes that occur due to CO exposure result from a number of biological mechanisms and underlie the development of neuroanatomical abnormalities that occur following CO poisoning.2 Neuroanatomical changes following CO poisoning can be seen using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Quantitative MRI (QMRI), and Computed Tomography (CT). Findings include fornix atrophy, increased ventricle-to-brain …


Assessing The Knowledge Level Of Social Service Professionals On Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): Creating Training Guides, Charles E. Lawrence, Ph.D., Geraldine L. Palmer Ph.D. Jan 2014

Assessing The Knowledge Level Of Social Service Professionals On Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): Creating Training Guides, Charles E. Lawrence, Ph.D., Geraldine L. Palmer Ph.D.

Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development

Objective: Creating training guides for social service workers to deliver more effective services for veterans with post-traumatic stress syndrome. Background: Effective service delivery for veterans with post-traumatic stress syndrome is often hampered by a lack of knowledge about how to identify the signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Appropriate training guides can provide integral benefits including: improved situational awareness, more accurate data gathered in the intake process, a reduction in veteran homelessness and prevention of chronic homelessness. Method: A pre-and post-test design was used to determine levels of knowledge guided by Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956). The study focused on …


Gender Differences In Temporal Perception And Self-Control: A Correlational Study, Laura L. Huntzinger, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jan 2014

Gender Differences In Temporal Perception And Self-Control: A Correlational Study, Laura L. Huntzinger, Dr. Harold L. Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Self-control has been defined by researchers as choosing larger, more delayed reinforcers over smaller, less delayed reinforcers (1). The term impulsiveness is used to describe the opposite of self-control, that is, choosing smaller, less delayed rewards rather than larger but more delayed rewards. Research involving adult humans has found that subjects almost always choose the self-control alternative in a lab setting. There are, however, many reasons for calling into question the generalizability of such research.


Economic Self-Control And Impulsivity In Money Decisions: A Comparison Of High School Students With Rural Or Urban Backgrounds, Becky Malquist, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jr. Jan 2014

Economic Self-Control And Impulsivity In Money Decisions: A Comparison Of High School Students With Rural Or Urban Backgrounds, Becky Malquist, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jr.

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Do you buy the brand new car now and take out a large loan, or do you save a little longer and buy a used one so that, in the end, you pay less? Do you take the spur-of-the-moment Caribbean cruise, or do you stick to your plan to build a nest egg? Impulsivity has been defined as choosing a smaller, more immediate reinforcer over a larger but delayed one. Self-control signifies the opposite choice; it is the preference of a larger, delayed reinforcer1.


Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore Jan 2014

Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I received an ORCA award in December of 1999. At the time, my proposal dealt with family dynamic influences on EEG neurofeedback treatement of adolescents with ADHD. This was a multidisciplinary effort, and, to my knowledge, research of this sort had not been conducted before. Though I felt a genuine excitement at the beginning, I soon realized that I had bitten off a coordination and research effort bigger than I could chew. I had to rely on a local psychologist that I was working with for help in recruiting patients, as well as for use of his facilities and equipment, …


Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards Jan 2014

Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of our study was to investigate the perspectives of fellow students towards current efforts at addressing the gospel of Jesus Christ in their departmental classes. The idea of a “BYU education,” while based in bedrock faith, is not a static concept; rather, strategies to apply our faith to daily learning moments are constantly evolving. We were interested in how other senior students perceived current efforts in “secular” classes to interface with the gospel. We asked ourselves, ‘what distinguishes positive experiences from the negative ones?’ What do other students think? Are their experiences similar to ours? A foundational assumption …


Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen Jan 2014

Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Because of the media’s focus on recent incidents of school violence, there is an increased awareness of the need for effective crisis prevention and intervention in our public schools. In order to learn more about current training needs for crisis intervention, a survey was conducted with 350 randomly selected, nationally certified school psychologists (81% return rate). Although school psychologists are seen as the primary personnel to assist in crisis situations, minimal university training is provided to prepare them for this role.


Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert Jan 2014

Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past thirty years a significant body of research has been developed examining the effects that tangible rewards such as money have on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsically motivated behavior consists of behavior that cannot be readily attributed to external factors. Examples could include reading, hunting, and working crossword puzzles. Much of this research has suggested that tangible rewards have a detrimental effect on intrinsic motivation that results in a decrease in such behavior. Conversely, this same research suggests that intangible rewards, such as verbal praise, have a beneficial effect. Nevertheless, these differential effects have been widely criticized and a not …


Relationships Between Parenting Self-Efficacy And Distress In Parents With And Without Cancer, Julie Marie Cessna Jan 2014

Relationships Between Parenting Self-Efficacy And Distress In Parents With And Without Cancer, Julie Marie Cessna

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite the relatively large number of parents with cancer, relatively little is known about the extent to which having cancer affects the parenting experience. Qualitative studies have identified issues and concerns that create distress among parents with cancer, but quantitative studies have yet to be conducted. Studies demonstrate that parents with cancer experience psychological distress, and that parenting self-efficacy is related to psychological distress among parents without cancer. However, no study to date has examined the relationships between parenting self-efficacy and psychological distress among parents with cancer. This study sought to address these gaps in the literature by comparing parents …


The Virtual Research Lab: Research Outcomes Expectations, Lee Stadtlander, Martha Giles, Amy Sickel Jan 2014

The Virtual Research Lab: Research Outcomes Expectations, Lee Stadtlander, Martha Giles, Amy Sickel

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

This paper examines the complexities of working with student researchers in a virtual lab setting, logistics, and methods to resolve issues. To demonstrate the feasibility of a virtual lab, a mixed method study consisting of quantitative surveys and qualitative data, examined changes in doctoral students’ confidence as measured by research outcome expectations and changes in a self-assessment of research knowledge and skills test in a three quarter virtual psychology research lab. In the lab, 10 doctoral students conducted a faculty-designed project, analyzed data, and co-wrote a literature review. Findings indicate lab students’ research knowledge and research outcome expectations improved significantly …


A Kinder, Gentler Dopamine. . . Highlighting Dopamine's Role In Behavioral Flexibility, Jeff A. Beeler, Roshan Cools, Monica Luciana, Sean B. Ostlund, Giselle Petzinger Jan 2014

A Kinder, Gentler Dopamine. . . Highlighting Dopamine's Role In Behavioral Flexibility, Jeff A. Beeler, Roshan Cools, Monica Luciana, Sean B. Ostlund, Giselle Petzinger

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


A Longitudinal Study Of The Bidirectional Relations Between Internalizing Symptoms And Peer Victimization In Urban Adolescents, Tess Drazdowski Jan 2014

A Longitudinal Study Of The Bidirectional Relations Between Internalizing Symptoms And Peer Victimization In Urban Adolescents, Tess Drazdowski

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional relations between anxious and depressive symptoms and two forms of peer victimization (i.e., overt and relational) within a sample of 358 predominantly African-American adolescents living in low-income urban areas across four years. Longitudinal path analyses tested progressively complex models for each type of victimization. For both overt and relational victimization the autoregressive model where only previous levels of each construct predicted future levels of the construct was the most parsimonious explanation. The best fitting model for both types of peer victimization suggested that internalizing symptoms helped to further explain future …


Is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy An Effective Treatment For Autism? A Review, Daniel Dunleavy, Bruce A. Thyer Jan 2014

Is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy An Effective Treatment For Autism? A Review, Daniel Dunleavy, Bruce A. Thyer

Journal of Adolescent and Family Health

Objectives: We review outcome studies regarding the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Method: Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases and manual searches of article reference lists. Results: A total of 8 studies met eligibility criteria, consisting of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one quasi-experimental study involving a comparison group, two pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest studies, and two single-system designs. Studies reviewed did not offer credible evidence to suggest that HBOT is an effective treatment for autism. Conclusion: It is premature to call HBOT an effective treatment for Autism and ASD. Individuals clinically treated with …


The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming Jan 2014

The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The p300 event related potential is a particular wave of the measured electrical activity of the brain. This wave may be evoked by a visual stimulus presented to the subject and occurs approximately 300 msec. following presentation of the stimulus. In previous studies, it has been suggested that a processing continuum exists between serial and parallel processing at opposite ends of the continuum. Serial processing, which involves attending to only one object, is generally associated with a slower reaction time, while parallel processing, which attends to two objects, is usually accompanied by a quicker response. Depending on various characteristics of …


The Effects Of Abstinence, Nicotine Consumption, And Type Of Cigarette On Desire To Smoke, Craig Shepherd, Dr. Harold Miller Jan 2014

The Effects Of Abstinence, Nicotine Consumption, And Type Of Cigarette On Desire To Smoke, Craig Shepherd, Dr. Harold Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) assesses one’s desire to smoke based on the combination of positive and negative reinforcers. Because of its high psychometric properties— when compared with other tests of a similar nature—and its ability to count for unique variance in individual’s desires to smoke, this form has become increasingly popular in recent years.1


Effects Of Migraine On Visual Processing, Jennifer Penn, Dr. Donavon Fleming Jan 2014

Effects Of Migraine On Visual Processing, Jennifer Penn, Dr. Donavon Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Migraines are one of the most prevalent and debilitating headaches in America. They affect 28 million people in this country, nearly 13% of the U.S. population (National Headache Foundation). Migraines are a unique headache syndrome characterized by an excruciating pulsating pain associated with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and sensitivity to sound. In some migraine patients, and ‘aura’ may begin or accompany a migraine. Migraines, and aura, have been most frequently accompanied with visual disturbances that range from zig-zag patterns, wavy lines, to spots or stars seen in the central portion of the visual field (Wray, Mijovic-Prelec, and Kosslyn, 1995). …


Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming Jan 2014

Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurogenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, language impairments, impaired visuospatial skills, poor judgment, and mood changes. The pathophysiology of AD is typified by a loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain, development of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex, neurofibrillary tangles that start in the temporal lobe and progress to other cortical regions, and generalized cerebral atrophy (Kolb & Whishaw, 2001). Increased atrophy is associated with increased severity of dementia (Fox, Scahill, Crum, & Rossor, 1999; O’Brien et al., 2001). The neuropathology and associated atrophy in AD progresses systematically, starting in the …


The Grass Is Greener: Cue-Mediated Deviations From Matching, Spencer C. Smith, Dr. Hal Miller Jan 2014

The Grass Is Greener: Cue-Mediated Deviations From Matching, Spencer C. Smith, Dr. Hal Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In human behavior study, the arena of choice distribution has become a topic of increasing interest. BYU’s Laboratory for Human Behavior Analysis has been looking, specifically, at variations of an already explored and documented “matching law.” This established theory offers a way to create and interpret predictable actions of an individual when given rewardproducing choices “[The matching law] states that relative responding matches the relative reinforcement produced by that responding” (Catania, 1998, p. 188). If a pattern of reinforcements is instantiated, the matching law suggests that the subject’s responses will match that pattern. Any deviations from this established pattern could …


Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurogenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, language impairments, impaired visuospatial skills, poor judgment, and mood changes. The pathophysiology of AD is typified by a loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain, development of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex, neurofibrillary tangles that start in the temporal lobe and progress to other cortical regions, and generalized cerebral atrophy (Kolb & Whishaw, 2001). Increased atrophy is associated with increased severity of dementia (Fox, Scahill, Crum, & Rossor, 1999; O’Brien et al., 2001). The neuropathology and associated atrophy in AD progresses systematically, starting in the …