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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 2661
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Assessing Executive Function As It Relates To Self-Regulation, Sarah K. Finley
Assessing Executive Function As It Relates To Self-Regulation, Sarah K. Finley
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Slips of action are cognitive errors that occur during routine tasks in everyday life (Clark, Parakh, Smilek, & Roy, 2012). Minimizing these everyday errors involves executive function, a system of complementary cognitive processes that enable control over thoughts and actions, including attention, inhibition, cognitive switching, and maintaining and manipulating the contents of working memory (Norman & Shallice, 2000). Many aspects of executive function are necessary for self-regulation, or the management of habitual, dominant, prepotent responses (Hamilton, Vohs, Sellier, & Meyvis, 2011). The present study explored the relationship between self-regulation, using self-report questionnaires, and executive function, using task-based assessments. Greater self-regulatory …
Hormones Rule The Roost: Fluctuations Of Olfactory Functioning Throughout The Menstrual Cycle And During Pregnancy, Carrie C. Lemay
Hormones Rule The Roost: Fluctuations Of Olfactory Functioning Throughout The Menstrual Cycle And During Pregnancy, Carrie C. Lemay
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The relationship of olfactory functioning and hormones is complex, and, for the most part, heterogenous. The present study aims to clarify and or define aspects of this relationship by examining how olfactory thresholds fluctuate in relation to changing hormone levels in two populations: menstruating and pregnant women. A longitudinal study was implemented to assess women at two different times. A total of 72 non-pregnant and 7 pregnant women participated in the first assessment, with a total of 62 non-pregnant and all 7 pregnant women returning for the second assessment. During each examination participants had blood drawn and were administered a …
Effects Of Child Age And Type Of Detail Reported On Credibility Of Child Abuse Allegations, Natalie R. Kulisek
Effects Of Child Age And Type Of Detail Reported On Credibility Of Child Abuse Allegations, Natalie R. Kulisek
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
With repeated experiences, children’s reports of an event tend to contain fewer episodic, contextually embedded details and more inconsistencies. In one prior study, children who experienced a play event four times were rated by mock jurors as less accurate and less believable than children who experienced it once, although there was no difference in their actual accuracy (Connolly, Price, Lavoie, & Gordon, 2008). In the present study, 405 undergraduate students read one of four scenarios of a child sexual abuse allegation in a 2 (age: 4- or 10-years-old) by 2 (experience: single or multiple) factorial design. Overall, regardless of age, …
Olfactory Identification, Detection Thresholds, And Sensitivity In Kidney Disease Patients, Joseph Wesley Jones
Olfactory Identification, Detection Thresholds, And Sensitivity In Kidney Disease Patients, Joseph Wesley Jones
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
While there is evidence for a decline in olfactory identification scores for patients with Kidney Disease, there are contradictory results for detection thresholds. Some results indicate higher thresholds while others found similar thresholds or elevated thresholds for one odorant, but not others. The current study evaluated the olfactory abilities with participants diagnosed with Kidney Disease for numerous odorants. No significant differences were found in olfactory identification, detection thresholds, or sensitivity compared to healthy controls. Despite the non-significant results, there did appear a trend of poorer olfactory abilities in Kidney Disease participants. The differences in olfactory performance also varied from odorant …
The Impact Of Sequential Lineups On Unconscious Transference: Does Knowing The Number Of Photos In The Lineup Matter?, Dominick J. Atkinson
The Impact Of Sequential Lineups On Unconscious Transference: Does Knowing The Number Of Photos In The Lineup Matter?, Dominick J. Atkinson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Unconscious transference occurs when a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person from a lineup. In Ross, Atkinson, Rosenberg, Pica, and Pozullo (2014), the use of a sequential lineup procedure, in which faces are presented one at a time, drastically reduced the unconscious transference error, but at the cost of also reducing the rate of correct identifications. However, in that study, the participants were not told how many faces they would view in the sequential lineup. In the present study, participants viewed a video of a staged crime that did or did not contain a bystander who looked similar to …
Cognitive Ability And Computer Simulation, Charles C. Buford
Cognitive Ability And Computer Simulation, Charles C. Buford
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
General Mental Ability (GMA) is the single strongest predictor of future work performance currently available. Tests of GMA used for selection purposes carry potential for adverse impact if used as a primary tool for employee selection; however, a factor of GMA known as Fluid Intelligence (Gf) should represent a more equitable assessment construct. Computer simulations appear to offer some beneficial attributes for selection purposes, but potential negative effects of GMA assessment may carry over to the new medium. In this study, I successfully used a computer simulated game to approximate two tests of Gf with a study of both pilot …
Examination Of Personality Characteristics Among Cybersecurity And Information Technology Professionals, Sarah E. Freed
Examination Of Personality Characteristics Among Cybersecurity And Information Technology Professionals, Sarah E. Freed
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
An influx of cyber-attacks throughout the past decade has resulted in an increase in demand for cybersecurity professionals. However, the rapid growth of this field has led to a general lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of individuals and job roles of cybersecurity professionals. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by evaluating personality characteristics among information technology and cybersecurity professionals. Following an analysis of the facets of the IPIP NEO short form, it was discovered that cybersecurity professionals scored significantly different on Trust, Intellect, Vulnerability, Self-Consciousness, Assertiveness, and Adventurousness when compared to other information technology professional indicating …
Role Of The Ventral Tegmental Area And Ventral Tegmental Area Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In The Incentive Amplifying Effect Of Nicotine, Ashley B. Sheppard
Role Of The Ventral Tegmental Area And Ventral Tegmental Area Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In The Incentive Amplifying Effect Of Nicotine, Ashley B. Sheppard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nicotine has multiple behavioral effects as a result of its action in the central nervous system. Nicotine strengthens the behaviors that lead to nicotine administration (primary reinforcement), and this effect of nicotine depends on mesotelencephalic systems of the brain that are critical to goal directed behavior, reward, and reinforcement. Nicotine also serves as a ‘reinforcement enhancer’ – drug administration enhances behaviors that lead to other drug and nondrug reinforcers. Although the reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine may promote tobacco use in the face of associated negative health outcomes, the neuroanatomical systems that mediate this effect of nicotine have never been …
Understanding The Role Of Trust In Cooperation With Natural Resources Institutions, Joseph A. Hamm
Understanding The Role Of Trust In Cooperation With Natural Resources Institutions, Joseph A. Hamm
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This dissertation investigates the role of trust in predicting cooperation with a natural resources management institution. It begins with an exploration of the legal landscape against which the relationship between land owners and natural resources management institutions is contextualized, presents a review of the often ostensibly disparate trust literature and a framework for its integration, and proposes and tests a model of trust and cooperation in the natural resources context. The results provide mixed support for the model as proposed but confirm the importance of trust in this context and suggest implications for policy, especially the potential importance of increasing …
Parent Vs. Teacher Ratings Of Children’S Shyness As Predictors Of Language And Attention Skills, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Amanda Prokasky, Xiaoqing Tu, Scott R. Frohn, Kate Sirota, Victoria J. Molfese
Parent Vs. Teacher Ratings Of Children’S Shyness As Predictors Of Language And Attention Skills, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Amanda Prokasky, Xiaoqing Tu, Scott R. Frohn, Kate Sirota, Victoria J. Molfese
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Shyness in childhood has been linked to multiple adjustment outcomes, including poor peer relations, internalizing problems, and clinical anxiety. However, shyness does not consistently emerge as a negative predictor of children’s success. This incongruity may stem, in part, from variations in the operationalization and measurement of shyness in different studies. Researchers often combine parent and teacher ratings of shyness, but correlations between parent and teacher reports are consistently small to medium. The purpose of this study is to examine parent and teacher ratings of shyness as they predict language and attention skills in preschool children, and explore discrepancies between parent …
Evolutionary Pressures On Primate Intertemporal Choice, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Evolutionary Pressures On Primate Intertemporal Choice, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
From finding food to choosing mates, animals must make intertemporal choices that involve fitness benefits available at different times. Species vary dramatically in their willingness to wait for delayed rewards. Why does this variation across species exist? An adaptive approach to intertemporal choice suggests that time preferences should reflect the temporal problems faced in a species' environment. Here, I use phylogenetic regression to test whether allometric factors (relating to body size), relative brain size, and social group size predict how long 13 primate species will wait in laboratory intertemporal choice tasks. Controlling for phylogeny, a composite allometric factor that includes …
Antioxidant Gene Therapy Against Neuronal Cell Death, Juliana Navarro-Yepes, Laura Zavala-Flores, Anandhan Annadurai, Fang Wang, Maciej Skotak, Namas Chandra, Ming Li, Aglaia Pappa, Daniel Martinez-Fong, Luz Maria Del Razo, Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega, Rodrigo Franco
Antioxidant Gene Therapy Against Neuronal Cell Death, Juliana Navarro-Yepes, Laura Zavala-Flores, Anandhan Annadurai, Fang Wang, Maciej Skotak, Namas Chandra, Ming Li, Aglaia Pappa, Daniel Martinez-Fong, Luz Maria Del Razo, Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega, Rodrigo Franco
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Oxidative stress is a common hallmark of neuronal cell death associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as brain stroke/ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Increased accumulation of reactive species of both oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) has been implicated inmitochondrial dysfunction, energy impairment, alterations in metal homeostasis and accumulation of aggregated proteins observed in neurodegenerative disorders, which lead to the activation/modulation of cell death mechanisms that include apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic pathways. Thus, the design of novel antioxidant strategies to selectively target oxidative stress and redox imbalance might represent important therapeutic approaches against neurological disorders. …
The Definition, Identification, And Cause Of Specific Learning Disabilities: A Literature Review, Joseph M. Cottrell
The Definition, Identification, And Cause Of Specific Learning Disabilities: A Literature Review, Joseph M. Cottrell
All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023
Students with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) currently make up approximately 40% of students receiving special education. The definition of SLD has not changed since the original special education law was implemented in 1975. Even with the recent changes to special education law in 2004, the definition stayed the same. Some professionals believe this lack of change reveals consistency while other scholars believe this lack of change reveals a lack of knowledge about what SLDs really are. The definition of SLD gives little insight regarding the etiology of the disorder. There are three prominent theories regarding the cause of SLDs: (a) …
The Mental Health Disparity Among Nonheterosexuals: Risk, Resiliency, And New Perspectives To Consider In The Context Of Mormonism, Katherine Ann Crowell
The Mental Health Disparity Among Nonheterosexuals: Risk, Resiliency, And New Perspectives To Consider In The Context Of Mormonism, Katherine Ann Crowell
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Nonheterosexuals disproportionately experience mental illness when compared with heterosexuals. Although it has been well established that the apparent mental health disparity among sexually diverse populations is almost exclusively derived from minority stress (i.e., the excess stress associated with culturally maintained sexual stigma), our understanding of how specific aspects of minority stress lead to specific psychological syndromes (e.g., depression) remains limited. On the other hand, in attempts to destigmatize individuals who do not identify as heterosexual, researchers have increasingly begun to shift the focus of their work towards understanding the specific characteristics or experiences that facilitate individuals’ capacity to adapt and …
Understanding Experiences Of Female Survivors Of Domestic Violence: Stories Of Strength, Resilience, And Mechanisms That Assist In Leaving Violent Relationships, Annel Cordero
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
A qualitative study was conducted in order to better understand domestic violence (DV) survivors’ lived experiences and the mechanisms that assisted them in leaving violent relationships. This method of research enabled me to immerse myself within the work in order to better understand this issue from the perspective of the survivors. Through in-depth interviews and focus groups, women were given the space to have their voices heard. For this project, 13 women from two different states, of diverse ages, sexual orientations, and ethnicities who identified as survivors volunteered to tell their stories. To obtain a complete picture of their experiences, …
An Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Online Survey Recruitment: The Equivalency Of Data Collected Through Amazon Mechanical Turk And Second Life To Traditional Undergraduate Student Samples, Elizabeth M. Briones
An Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Online Survey Recruitment: The Equivalency Of Data Collected Through Amazon Mechanical Turk And Second Life To Traditional Undergraduate Student Samples, Elizabeth M. Briones
Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA
A major proportion of psychological research uses subjects from undergraduate populations. Increasingly, researchers are exploiting the Internet to reach beyond the traditional undergraduate sample. The current study sought to compare data obtained from a conventional undergraduate student sample to data collected via two online survey recruitment platforms: Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing site and the virtual environment of Second Life (SL). Data obtained via these online recruitment platforms was statistically equivalent to the data obtained from the college sample, based on standardized measures of psychological stress and sleep quality. Additionally, correlations between the sleep and stress measures were not statistically …
The Effect Of Group Level Factors On Affective Convergence In Teams: An Agent Based Model, Chaunette Marie Small
The Effect Of Group Level Factors On Affective Convergence In Teams: An Agent Based Model, Chaunette Marie Small
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research supports the idea that affective convergence occurs in teams. The phenomenon of group affect has been well documented, however the group level conditions through which affective convergence emerges has received very little research. The current study helps to fill this gap by using agent-based modeling to examine affective convergence under varying group conditions. Agent-based modeling is a recently developed approach to research that uses the power of computers to model individual level behaviors and examine group level emergent constructs. The current study examined display rule presence, display rule breadth, social influence, interdependence, and team size on affective convergence. …
Talking With Children About Potentially Sensitive Topics: Birth, Sex, Death, And Santa, Natalie Lane Hendricks, Elisabeth Hope Jee, Tiffany Erin Robbins
Talking With Children About Potentially Sensitive Topics: Birth, Sex, Death, And Santa, Natalie Lane Hendricks, Elisabeth Hope Jee, Tiffany Erin Robbins
Psychology and Child Development
Our study looks at conversations between parents/caregivers and their children about potentially sensitive topics including birth, sex, death, and fantastical beings (i.e. Santa Claus, the tooth fairy, the Easter bunny). Our paper covers information on what children know, Parent conversations, and cultural differences between all these topics. Our methods Are broken up into two parts: a parent survey and an informative website. The survey was distributed locally and included questions about parents’ beliefs towards how much their children knew about these topics and their attitudes about having the conversations. The website was created to be a tool for parents and …
A Case Analysis Of The Foundational Ministry Principles Of Rev. Jerry Falwell From 1956-1966, Iain Lyttle
A Case Analysis Of The Foundational Ministry Principles Of Rev. Jerry Falwell From 1956-1966, Iain Lyttle
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This research examines principles employed by Dr. Jerry Lamond Falwell between 1956 and 1966 and the early developmental stages of his church, Thomas Road Baptist Church (TRBC). The foundation built during these formative years facilitated precipitous growth within the church plant for decades, allowing TRBC to become one of America’s most prominent megachurches and to found Liberty University, the world’s largest evangelical university. As church plants are more likely to fail than to succeed, this research aimed to investigate key characteristics of a church planter who was highly successful, which can be replicated. Using primarily twenty-three interviews of TRBC congregants …
Female Relational Aggression: A Case Study Investigation Of The Transitioning Out Process, Lynne Lunsford
Female Relational Aggression: A Case Study Investigation Of The Transitioning Out Process, Lynne Lunsford
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The developmental trajectory of relational aggression (RA) can launch as early as preschool and escalate from early to middle childhood, yet it is a phenomenon that may or may not endure the adult years. There is adequate understanding of relational aggression in the active phase, yet research that edifies the transitioning out process is dearth. Through a qualitative case study research design, the narratives of six females who ceased using RA enlightened the process of desistance. All females described the transitioning out process as having an identifiable turning point accompanied by cognitive and emotional shifts associated with recognizing, valuing, and …
Emotion Focused Therapy For Couples In Addiction Treatment: The Relationship Between Quality Of Recovery, Attachment Style, And Relational Satisfaction, Bonnie Bassett
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study investigates the efficacy of Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples in an addiction recovery program. The literature review revealed that individuals with a secure attachment style experience increased relational satisfaction and report better ability to manage life's challenges as compared with individuals with an insecure attachment style. A pretest-posttest design was used to investigate the effect of EFT on quality of recovery from addiction. The primary measure's percentile rank scores were comparatively analyzed. A single case multiple baseline design was implemented to draw inferences based on examining the participants' assessment scores across baseline and intervention phases. The purpose …
The Influence Of Religiosity And Adult Attachment Style On Marital Satisfaction Among Korean Christian Couples Living In South Korea, Dae Woon Cho
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of religious commitment, spirituality and adult attachment style on marital satisfaction among South Korean Christian couples living in South Korea. Three hundred sixty nine South Korean Christian couples from nine Presbyterian churches in Seoul, Dejeon, Daegu, Gumi, and Busan participated in this research. The current study evaluated the psychometric utility of the Spiritual Assessment Scale (SAS) and investigated the relationships among religiosity (religious commitment and spirituality), attachment style (anxious and avoidant attachment) and marital satisfaction. For the psychometric evaluation of the SAS, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted for the …
Believe The Lie: Source Monitoring Errors For Repeated Lies, Laura L. Heisick
Believe The Lie: Source Monitoring Errors For Repeated Lies, Laura L. Heisick
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Identification Of Morphemes And The Effect Of Memory Load On Second Language Learning, Hannah Hebert
Identification Of Morphemes And The Effect Of Memory Load On Second Language Learning, Hannah Hebert
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Repeated Denials On Memory For Actions, Rachel Dianiska
The Influence Of Repeated Denials On Memory For Actions, Rachel Dianiska
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
The Mediating Effects Of Child Coping And Social Support On Child Adjustment In The Wake Of Hurricane Katrina, Laren M. Alexander
The Mediating Effects Of Child Coping And Social Support On Child Adjustment In The Wake Of Hurricane Katrina, Laren M. Alexander
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Faces As Ambient Displays: Assessing The Attention-Demanding Characteristics Of Facial Expressions, Brock Bass
Faces As Ambient Displays: Assessing The Attention-Demanding Characteristics Of Facial Expressions, Brock Bass
All Theses
Ambient displays are used to provide information to users in a non-distracting manner. The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of facial expressions as a method of conveying information to users in an unobtrusive way. Facial expression recognition requires very little if any conscious attention from the user, which makes it an excellent candidate for the ambient presentation of information. Specifically, the current study quantified the amount of attention required to decode and recognize various facial expressions. The current study assessed the attention-demanding characteristics of facial expressions using the dual-task experiment paradigm. Results from the experiment suggest …
Unifying Specific Climate Research With A Molar Climate Measure: A Situational Affordances Approach, Alice Brawley
Unifying Specific Climate Research With A Molar Climate Measure: A Situational Affordances Approach, Alice Brawley
All Theses
Organizational climate - briefly, the shared perceptions of a workplace - was originally studied as a molar concept, but this approach generally lacked focus and thus resulted in unmanageable measures. Organizational climate research has been subdivided into many areas of specific climate research focusing on particular organizational factors or outcomes, such as safety or customer service (Schneider, Ehrhart, & Macey, 2013). While the study of specific climates has been and remains worthwhile, recent literature in the area has called for a return to the molar or global conceptualization of organizational climate (Kuenzi & Schminke, 2009; Schneider et al., 2013). In …
What Do You Mean I Have A Bad Review?: The Effects Of Race On Perceptions Of Performance Appraisal Fairness And Deviant Behaviors, Theresa Atkinson
What Do You Mean I Have A Bad Review?: The Effects Of Race On Perceptions Of Performance Appraisal Fairness And Deviant Behaviors, Theresa Atkinson
All Theses
Perceptions of unfair performance appraisals have been found to be associated with various negative organizational outcomes, including increases in workplace deviant behaviors and decreases in organizational citizenship behaviors. A main goal of the present study was to examine the process through which perceptions of performance appraisals lead to different behavioral outcomes by using psychological contract breaches within the framework of Affective Events Theory (AET). Another major goal was to investigate if race and core self-evaluations affected outcomes associated with performance appraisals. Results from the present study revealed that race did not impact perceptions of psychological contract breaches, and that the …
The Role Of Social Support In Treatment Seeking And Treatment Retention In The Military: Examining The Function And Source Of Support, Kristen Jennings
The Role Of Social Support In Treatment Seeking And Treatment Retention In The Military: Examining The Function And Source Of Support, Kristen Jennings
All Theses
Service members of the United States military occupy jobs that are unlike most in the exposure to exceptional stress and the potential for life-threatening and traumatic on-the-job experiences. Because of the nature of the job tasks and duties, many soldiers are vulnerable to developing mental health problems. Even more problematic, many soldiers experiencing mental health symptoms are not getting the treatment they need. The present study examined how social support can influence a soldier's decision to engage in treatment and stay in treatment. More specifically, the study examined the unique influence of family and friends, fellow unit members, and leaders …