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2013

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Articles 421 - 450 of 2550

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Body Objectification, Ethnic Identity And Cosmetic Surgery In African-American Women, Allycin Powell-Hicks Sep 2013

Body Objectification, Ethnic Identity And Cosmetic Surgery In African-American Women, Allycin Powell-Hicks

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study investigated the role of ethnic identity in African-American women's relationship with their bodies and their decisions for cosmetic procedures. The research hypotheses are: (1) The odds of receiving a cosmetic procedure increase with lower endorsements of ethnic identity. (2) Ethnic identity has an effect on surveillance, shame, and body control in African-American Women. Ethnic identity will be measured with the Multiethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), which measures subjects' self-assessed membership in their ethnic group. Body Objectification is measured by the Objectified Body Consciousness scale, which measures a woman's endorsements of surveillance, shame, and control. The sample consisted of 175 …

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Effectiveness Of Groups For Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Their Parents, Jessica C. Kichler, Astrida S. Kaugars, Patricia Marik, Laura Nabors, Ramin Alemzadeh Sep 2013

Effectiveness Of Groups For Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Their Parents, Jessica C. Kichler, Astrida S. Kaugars, Patricia Marik, Laura Nabors, Ramin Alemzadeh

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Peer- and family-based group therapies have been used as separate interventions to improve adjustment and self-management among youth with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study replicates a treatment protocol that combined these two types of diabetes management groups, while also using a wait-list control design methodology within an outpatient mental health clinic setting. General psychosocial and diabetes-related variables were assessed at baseline, immediately posttreatment, and 4 months posttreatment. Youths’ medical information, including metabolic control values, was extracted from medical charts for the 6 months prior to baseline and 6 months after treatment ended. At 4 months posttreatment, parents and youth …

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Childhood Externalizing Behavior Problems, Maternal Depression, And Father Involvement In Low-Income African American Families, Sara Johns Aug 2013

Childhood Externalizing Behavior Problems, Maternal Depression, And Father Involvement In Low-Income African American Families, Sara Johns

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Data indicate that up to 25% of preschoolers are exhibiting clinical levels of externalizing behaviors. Among children in at-risk populations, such as those attending Head Start preschools, estimates of clinical levels of externalizing behavior problems are as high as 30%. Studies of early childhood externalizing behavior problems indicate the potential for stability of elevated externalizing behaviors over time and the association of these behaviors with a variety of negative outcomes. Maternal depression and father involvement may be important predictors of externalizing behavior. The current study investigated the nature of the relationship between maternal depression, father involvement, and child externalizing behaviors …

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Model Scaffolding Pembelajaran Menulis Dengan Pendekatan Proses Bagi Anak Tunarungu, Yuliyati Yuliyati, Endang Purbaningrum Aug 2013

Model Scaffolding Pembelajaran Menulis Dengan Pendekatan Proses Bagi Anak Tunarungu, Yuliyati Yuliyati, Endang Purbaningrum

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

The aims of this research are (1) to describe the needs analysis and challenges and (2) to produce a scaffolding draft model for teaching writing using a process approach combined with the Reflective Maternal Method (MMR). This research and development study applies the R2D2 model, which emphasizes user needs based on contextual conditions (teachers and students with disabilities) and is developed collaboratively. Based on the needs analysis conducted in the first year, a scaffolding draft model was produced using a process approach elaborated with the Reflective Maternal Method (MMR).

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Modification Of Experimental Objective And Protocol To An Assessment Of The Effects Of Electroacupuncture On Vta Gaba Neurons In The Context Of Acute Alcohol, Christine H. Walton, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen Aug 2013

Modification Of Experimental Objective And Protocol To An Assessment Of The Effects Of Electroacupuncture On Vta Gaba Neurons In The Context Of Acute Alcohol, Christine H. Walton, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although my proposal for the ORCA grant involved the effects of nicotine on neurons in the VTA, preliminary data showed little to no promise and my mentor and I decided to go in a different direction.

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Development Of A Measure For Child Psychotherapy Process And Outcome Research, Tyler Sasser, Dr. Jared Warren Aug 2013

Development Of A Measure For Child Psychotherapy Process And Outcome Research, Tyler Sasser, Dr. Jared Warren

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The latest research has shown that 1 in 5 children meet criteria for a mental disorder and 1 in 10 children experience significant impairment in the family, school, and community due to a mental disorder (Huang et al., 2005). Unfortunately, only about one quarter of these children needing mental health services receive care (Ringel & Sturm, 2001). Although only a small portion of impaired children receive care, substantial progress has been made in developing effective treatments for this population. However, there are many unresolved issues surrounding child and adolescent psychotherapy.

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Tracking Off-Site Recreational Therapy Activities, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame Aug 2013

Tracking Off-Site Recreational Therapy Activities, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame

Journal of Undergraduate Research

At the beginning of this research experience, my research group and I sought to find evidence that off-site recreational therapy was effective in increasing a patient’s perceived freedom and self-efficacy. This research idea came in response to the diminishing financial support at the Utah State Mental Hospital (USM) from state legislatures who request empirical evidence that off-campus trips truly contribute significantly to full patient recovery. However, when we began to research this topic, we soon found that there were very few cases that sought evidence-based practice (EBP) in the field of recreational therapy.

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Body Weight And Self-Control In Pigeons, Daniel Watkins, Dr. Harold Miller Aug 2013

Body Weight And Self-Control In Pigeons, Daniel Watkins, Dr. Harold Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Recent approaches have interpreted self-control in terms of temporal factors. Most recent models posit that self-control amounts to a choice between a smaller reward that is available sooner and a larger reward that is available later. The model is applicable to both humans and nonhumans. Additionally, the model characterizes the relation between reward value and delay to reward in terms of a hyperbolic discounting function (Green and Myerson, 2004). Figure 1 (adapted from Domjan, 2006) depicts this relation in terms of a small reward available sooner than a large reward. Both curves in the figures are of the form:

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Cocaine’S Effects On Inhibitory Gaba Neurons In The Midbrain, Seth Taylor, Dr. Scott Steffensen Aug 2013

Cocaine’S Effects On Inhibitory Gaba Neurons In The Midbrain, Seth Taylor, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cocaine abuse is a serious societal problem. The 2006 Monitoring the Future survey of students showed that 2.5% of high school seniors had used cocaine in the past month, 5.7% in the last year, and 8.5% at least once in their lifetime. According to the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 5.5 million Americans has used cocaine in the last year, twice as many as the number of people suffering from schizophrenia. Researchers have been working diligently to discover the means by which cocaine acts on the brain to cause such dependence. Treatments for addiction have improved as …

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Mood And The Market: Can Press Reports Of Investors’ Mood Predict Stock Prices?, Yochi Cohen-Charash, Charles A. Scherbaum, John D. Kammeyer-Muller, Barry M. Staw Aug 2013

Mood And The Market: Can Press Reports Of Investors’ Mood Predict Stock Prices?, Yochi Cohen-Charash, Charles A. Scherbaum, John D. Kammeyer-Muller, Barry M. Staw

Publications and Research

We examined whether press reports on the collective mood of investors can predict changes in stock prices. We collected data on the use of emotion words in newspaper reports on traders’ affect, coded these emotion words according to their location on an affective circumplex in terms of pleasantness and activation level, and created indices of collective mood for each trading day. Then, by using time series analyses, we examined whether these mood indices, depicting investors’ emotion on a given trading day, could predict the next day’s opening price of the stock market. The strongest findings showed that activated pleasant mood …

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The Behavioral Response Of The Boxelder Bug With Respect To Suspect Semiochemicals, Jared Steven Nielsen, Dr. Gary M. Booth Aug 2013

The Behavioral Response Of The Boxelder Bug With Respect To Suspect Semiochemicals, Jared Steven Nielsen, Dr. Gary M. Booth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The boxelder bug, Boisea trivattatus, is a common structural and agricultural insect pest found throughout North America. Unfortunately, current pest management methods are not effective for controlling boxelder bug populations. If discovered and developed attractants would provide an effective and environmentally responsible solution to boxelder bug management.

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Eye-Catching Odors: Olfaction Elicits Sustained Gazing To Faces And Eyes In 4-Month-Old Infants, Karine Durand, Jean-Yves Baudouin, David J. Lewkowicz, Nathalie Goubet, Benoist Schaal Aug 2013

Eye-Catching Odors: Olfaction Elicits Sustained Gazing To Faces And Eyes In 4-Month-Old Infants, Karine Durand, Jean-Yves Baudouin, David J. Lewkowicz, Nathalie Goubet, Benoist Schaal

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study investigated whether an odor can affect infants’ attention to visually presented objects and whether it can selectively direct visual gaze at visual targets as a function of their meaning. Four-month-old infants (n = 48) were exposed to their mother’s body odors while their visual exploration was recorded with an eye-movement tracking system. Two groups of infants, who were assigned to either an odor condition or a control condition, looked at a scene composed of still pictures of faces and cars. As expected, infants looked longer at the faces than at the cars but this spontaneous preference for faces …

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A Study Of Japanese And American Couples: Attitudes And Expectations About Marriage, Naoki Miyakawa, Dr. Thomas B. Holman Aug 2013

A Study Of Japanese And American Couples: Attitudes And Expectations About Marriage, Naoki Miyakawa, Dr. Thomas B. Holman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my research was to (1) translate the RELATE (acronym for RELATionship Evaluation) into Japanese thus developing a comprehensive survey instrument for assessing marital patterns in Japan, (2) pilot test the instrument with a sample of Japanese couples and (3) analyze the data collected with appropriate statistical procedures for the purpose of revising the instrument and beginning to understand the similarities and differences between the courtship and marital attitudes and expectations of Japanese and American young adults. The results I obtained while in Japan this summer were compared to the results obtained through the American research (Larson & …

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Anxiety Sensitivity As A Moderator For Ptsd Mediated Combat Exposure In Predicting Suicide Risk In A Military Sample, Barry Donovan Eye Aug 2013

Anxiety Sensitivity As A Moderator For Ptsd Mediated Combat Exposure In Predicting Suicide Risk In A Military Sample, Barry Donovan Eye

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Suicide took almost 40,000 U.S. lives in 2011, with military rates exceeding the general population (and rising). Anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of fear) includes three components: physical, cognitive, and social. Recent studies indicate a connection between AS and suicidality through the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). Separate research has proposed that the development of severe psychopathology, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide, may be moderated by AS. The present study considered this mechanism from an IPTS perspective with a cross-sectional sample of veterans and active duty members from a Veterans Affairs clinic database. Regression models tested whether physical …

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Mental Illness Prevention: Exploring Effective Coping Strategies For School-Aged Children, Julie-Anne Mccarthy Aug 2013

Mental Illness Prevention: Exploring Effective Coping Strategies For School-Aged Children, Julie-Anne Mccarthy

Psychology Graduate Publications

Anxiety Disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in Western society, affecting the population in multiple ways. Onset for many anxiety disorders is as early as childhood or adolescence. The earlier the onset, the more chronic or severe it may be; it is important to focus on preventing anxiety disorders before they are developed. Research has shown that adaptive coping strategies can work as a mediator between stress and mental health. The current study explored effective coping strategies for young children in the general population, in an effort to further expand our knowledge about coping in children, and increase the …

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Stich On Charity And Truth, David A. Jensen, Dr. K. Codell Carter Aug 2013

Stich On Charity And Truth, David A. Jensen, Dr. K. Codell Carter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Stephen Stich argues in the Fragmentation of Reason for a pragmatic account of cognition; that is, our processes of how we acquire knowledge should be evaluated, he maintains, not on how well they produce true beliefs, but on how well they produce beliefs relevant to some pragmatic value (survival, happiness, and so forth). To put forth his pragmatic account, Stich first must debunk at least two mainstays of epistemology: charity and truth.

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Beyond The Yellow Brick Road: Queer Localization In The Age Of Anita Bryant, 1974-1980, Stewart John Van Cleve Aug 2013

Beyond The Yellow Brick Road: Queer Localization In The Age Of Anita Bryant, 1974-1980, Stewart John Van Cleve

Dissertations and Theses

Collective memories of gay rights in the late 1970s offer a conflicted portrait of Anita Bryant, an infamous anti-gay personality who inspired, organized, or funded four anti-gay referendums between 1976 and 1978. I employ J. Jack Halberstam's concept of "metronormativity" in an analysis of campaigns that failed to preserve local gay rights laws in Miami and Eugene, the first and last of Bryant's four "target cities." I use L. Frank Baum's Wizard of Oz as a metaphor to compare the beginning of Bryant's role as a leader in Miami to her subsequent role as a specter of national controversy in …

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The Effects Of Offender Age And Offender-Victim Relationship On Modus Operandi Strategies To Lure The Victim, Hayley Lauren Tews Aug 2013

The Effects Of Offender Age And Offender-Victim Relationship On Modus Operandi Strategies To Lure The Victim, Hayley Lauren Tews

Dissertations and Theses

Research on the modus operandi (“method of operation”) of child sexual abuse (CSA) offenders has been useful in informing successful prevention programs (LeClerc, 2009). However, a gap in the literature regarding the strategies offenders use to lure potential CSA victims still remains. The present study seeks to examine the effects of offender-victim relationship and offender age on the use of strategies to lure victims for the purpose of committing CSA. Data for this study is taken from a larger investigation which included 854 identified adolescent and adult CSA offenders from nine different states. A 2 X 2 MANCOVA analysis revealed …

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The Unreflecting Narcissus, Benjamin Huff, Dr. Scott Sprenger Aug 2013

The Unreflecting Narcissus, Benjamin Huff, Dr. Scott Sprenger

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Andre Gide’s La Symphonie Pastorale (in English, The Pastoral Symphony) portrays a pastor who mistakes the love of a woman for the love of God and believes he is serving God while he serves mostly just himself. Even his avowed love for Gertrude, a blind orphan girl he takes in, turns out to be mostly self-serving. Because the pastor’s self-love appears as love for Gertrude, some readers have compared the pastor to Narcissus and Gertrude to Narcissus’ entrancing image in the pool. Further steeping a scene already drenched in irony, I argue that while the pastor loves Gertrude as …

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Numerical Processing In Infants: Differentiating Between Small And Large Groups Of Number, Clark Van Den Berghe, Dr. Chris Porter, Dr. Ross Flom Aug 2013

Numerical Processing In Infants: Differentiating Between Small And Large Groups Of Number, Clark Van Den Berghe, Dr. Chris Porter, Dr. Ross Flom

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Without even realizing it, our brain is constantly taking in information from our external environment. While some things take conscious effort, others happen with little or no thought. Vision is an enormous input, and our brain processes what it sees in order for us to do many of our daily activities. One of the things that we process constantly is the number of objects in our field of view. This is the same for both infants and adults, since we both have to navigate the world we live in. The purpose of my research project was to examine more deeply …

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Tracking Rt: Data-Driven Evidence As To The Efficacy Of Off-Site Recreation Therapy At The Utah State Hospital, Sean Woodland, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame Aug 2013

Tracking Rt: Data-Driven Evidence As To The Efficacy Of Off-Site Recreation Therapy At The Utah State Hospital, Sean Woodland, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Recreation Therapy Program at the Utah State Hospital (USH) remains one of the least-noticed disciplines that the hospital has to offer. The program has the goal of improving the overall quality of life of the patient, focusing on the areas of community integration, skill development, and lifelong leisure. An important part of being able to accomplish these goals is via off-campus activities, ranging from camping and sporting events to visiting theaters and museums. However, in recent years the program has felt pressure from state legislatures and hospital administration to limit these off-campus interventions, mainly due to budget concerns, which …

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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Initially this project was looking at the effects that multiple short term separations of a mother rhesus macaque from their infant would have on their relationship. More specifically, looking at adoption pairs (an infant raised by a non biological mother) to see if the relationship between the mother and the infant changed differently than the relationship of a mother and their biological infant. The focus of this analysis was looking at the mother/infant pair’s cortisol levels, which are a measure of the body’s physiological response to stress. The hope was to determine whether mother infant pairs with similar cortisol levels, …

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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Under stressful conditions the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis increases in both humans and animals leading to an increase in production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Maternal separation in nonhuman primates during infancy elicits behaviors characteristic of anxiety, such as withdrawal and nervous behavior and a substantial increase in ACTH (Higley and Linnoila 1997; Barr, Newman et al. 2004). Individual differences in anxiety in turn influence ACTH output, similar to what is seen in human children (Gunnar and Quevedo 2007). Infants response to separation physiologically and behaviorally is substantial and represents a significant stressor in the life of a young …

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Parental And Peer Support In The Lgbt Community, Andrew Midgley Aug 2013

Parental And Peer Support In The Lgbt Community, Andrew Midgley

Theses and Dissertations

The unique challenges faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students are putting pressure on parents, teachers, and school psychologists to find potential solutions. The purpose of this study is to examine variables that have the potential to decrease levels of depression and bullying victimization experienced by LGBT youth. Adults who identify as LGBT were asked to complete a survey reflecting on their experiences in high school. Findings indicate that parental support and peer support are associated with decreased levels of depressive symptoms. There is also an indication that the presence of a student-run LGBT support and/or advocacy group …

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Greek Philosophy And The Christian Church Fathers, Michael Hansen, Dr. David Paulsen Aug 2013

Greek Philosophy And The Christian Church Fathers, Michael Hansen, Dr. David Paulsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this project I intended to establish what doctrinal evolution can be seen in the Judeo-Christian tradition between the Second Temple period and the Post-Apostolic age. My hope was to document significant movements in theological attitudes that can be attributed, at least in part, to Greek philosophy.

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The Role Of Relationships In The Conversion Process: An Lds Sample, James W. Phillips, Dr. Kristin Hansen Aug 2013

The Role Of Relationships In The Conversion Process: An Lds Sample, James W. Phillips, Dr. Kristin Hansen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I consider this ORCA project to be a successful one on all accounts. The goals that were originally outlined at the onset of this project (forming an original research paper and presenting at a major academic conference) were met and future collaborations with Dr. Kristin Hansen suggest that we can publish our work in a scholarly journal. From the beginning, through the completion of the ORCA grant project, and continuing until the present, this mentored learning experience has been a fulfilling and productive endeavor.

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Moral Principles And Political Ideology: Exploring The Mediating Role Of Abstract Value Endorsements, Anthony N. Washburn Aug 2013

Moral Principles And Political Ideology: Exploring The Mediating Role Of Abstract Value Endorsements, Anthony N. Washburn

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Much research has examined the association between political ideology and endorsement of distinct moral principles (e.g. Goren, 2005; Haidt & Graham, 2007; Haidt & Joseph, 2004). The associations that have typically been observed show that political liberals tend to endorse moral principles that place the individual at the center of concern, resulting in judgments of right and wrong based on caring for individuals and promoting fairness (individualizing foundations); while political conservatives tend to endorse moral principles that include the group as an equally worthy recipient of concern and priority (binding foundations), resulting in moral judgments based on maintaining and preserving …

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Evaluating Demographic Influence On Parenting Style In Taiwan, Kevin Handley, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Aug 2013

Evaluating Demographic Influence On Parenting Style In Taiwan, Kevin Handley, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Of all the research studying the influence of stressors on parents, only a few studies have actually addressed demographic factors as stressors. Even then, there has yet to be a study that specifically seeks to delineate exactly which demographic factor predicts which type of parenting style. This project sought to delineate which demographic factors (e.g. area of residence, SES, age, and education) are predictive of maladaptive parenting styles, and which factors are predictive of adaptive parenting styles. The intent was that if certain demographics were found to be highly predictive of maladaptive parenting styles, then perhaps governments could be persuaded …

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Body Image During Pregnancy: Abstract, T. Anna Halistrom Aug 2013

Body Image During Pregnancy: Abstract, T. Anna Halistrom

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Pregnancy is a time of tremendous physical change for a woman. In light of recent research concerning how women’s opinions of their bodies affect behavior and emotional well-being, it is reasonable to ask how women feel about these physical changes during pregnancy and what factors are associated with more positive or negative body images.

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Ambivalent Sexism And The Law: The Myth Of Gender Equality, Jennifer Edgley, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Aug 2013

Ambivalent Sexism And The Law: The Myth Of Gender Equality, Jennifer Edgley, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The women’s liberation movement of the sixties and seventies has ushered in several important social and political changes in the United States. Gender inequality, however, remains an enduring problem in various institutions (Lips, 2007). The theory of Ambivalent Sexism conceptualizes and may be the key to understanding the residual occurrences of gender inequality within social institutions. Theorists Glick and Fiske (1996) believe that prejudice, though traditionally considered to be antipathy towards a certain group (Allport, 1954), can contain both positive and negative features. They contend that sexism is not simply hostility towards women, but also subjectively positive behavior toward women. …

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