Psychology Commons^™

Online Psychosocial Support For Oncology Patients: A Group Facilitation Manual, Kristen Mallory Richards

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A significant portion of the oncology population is seeking, yet not receiving, adequate psychological treatment. Therefore, the Internet has become an important resource for delivering services to those that may be limited by barriers that accompany traditional oncology support groups. While research has shown that online therapy is effective, the quality and efficacy of therapy is often unknown and/or sub-optimal and essential psychological care cancer patients deserve is compromised. The purpose of this project was to provide therapists and other mental health professionals with a structured, evidence-based guide to providing quality mental health care for cancer patients. First, a review …

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Acute Coronary Syndrome In Adulthood, Kanchana D. Wijesekera

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Research studies demonstrate that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) lead to physical and mental health consequences in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease (Dong, Giles, Felitti et al, 2004; Felitti, Anda, Nordenberg, et al, 1998). One potential mechanism linking ACEs to cardiovascular disease is impaired social competence necessary for successful relationships and adequate social support. In the current study, the impact of ACEs on social support and subsequent incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was examined in a cohort of 6,596 older Seventh-day Adventists. After controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors, ACE exposure predicted increased risk of ACS by 31% …

Freesurfer Vs. Manual Tracing: Detecting Future Cognitive Decline In Healthy Older Adults At-Risk For Alzheimer's Disease, Alissa Butts

Dissertations (1934 -)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathological process that is thought to begin years prior to observable symptom onset. The hippocampus appears to be particularly vulnerable to the underlying brain pathology of AD. Hippocampal volume is a sensitive measure in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD, but less is known regarding the use of hippocampal volume in asymptomatic individuals at risk for AD who eventually decline. The inconsistent findings may, in part, be due to the chosen method of hippocampal segmentation. FreeSurfer (FS) and manual tracings (MT) are two common segmentation techniques that have unique costs and benefits. …

The Psychology And Law Of Hazing Consent, Gregory S. Parks, Tiffany F. Southerland

Marquette Law Review

For years, the law has grappled with the extent to which an individual can consent to harmful physical contact. This has never been more evident than in the area of hazing. Courts have fallen on both sides of this divide, often enough speculating about the mental state of the alleged hazing victim. The question is often whether the individual had the psychological wherewithal to resist situational or contextual demands placed on him or her. In this Article, the authors provide clarity to how the law has thought about this issue and how it should think about it in light of …

Emotion Regulation In Workgroups: The Roles Of Demographic Diversity And Relational Work Context, Eugene Kim, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Theresa M. Glomb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Drawing on the social identity perspective, we investigate the cross-level relationship between demographic diversity in workgroups and emotion regulation. We propose that age, racial, and gender diversity in workgroups relate positively to emotion regulation because of demography-related in-group/out-group dynamics. We also examine the moderating role of the relational work context, specifically task interdependence and social interaction, on the relationship between demographic diversity and emotion regulation. Results from a sample of 2,072 employees in 274 workgroups indicate that working in a group with greater age diversity is positively related to an employee's emotion regulation. Results suggest the operation of the age …

Treating Family Members: The Effectiveness Of A Family-Oriented Dialectical Behavior Therapy Program, Melissa Lynn Miller

Dissertations (1934 -)

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe emotion regulation disorder that, according to the biosocial theory, is developed and maintained through transactions that occur between biologically vulnerable persons and their environment. The family members of persons with BPD may experience many deleterious consequences as a result of their relative's illness, including both objective and subjective forms of burden. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was originally developed as a comprehensive treatment for persons with BPD, and new programs designed specifically to treat family members are emerging. These programs aim to help family members cope with their own stressors, as well as help …

Spiritual Questioning And Its Impact On The Therapeutic Alliance: A Preliminary Study, Cody Carson

Dissertations (1934 -)

A growing number of studies have found that clients would prefer to discuss spiritual and religious (S/R) concerns in psychotherapy and, notably, see it as an appropriate place to discuss these concerns. Although clients report they would prefer to discuss S/R matters with their therapist, psychologists are reluctant to do so. Lack of training may be a factor in the reluctance of psychologist to discuss spirituality and religion with their clients. In addition to the research on spirituality/religion and psychotherapy, the therapeutic alliance has been proposed as a similar component among all forms of treatment and consistently shown to be …

An Examination Of The Role Of Neurocognitive Functioning In Illness Management Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Christopher James Fitzgerald

Dissertations (1934 -)

Children and adolescents living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) face many challenges in their daily lives due to the extensive care tasks that the illness requires. Adolescence is a period of development in which treatment adherence and metabolic control has been found to greatly decline. Research examining correlates of this decline in self-management has tended to focus on familial and psychosocial variables such as parental involvement and T1DM-related conflict. The period of adolescence is also marked by several changes in the development of the frontal lobes and prefrontal cortex, which are areas of the brain that are central to …

Revising The Body Esteem Scale For The Next Quarter Century, Katherine Frost

Dissertations (1934 -)

Recently, Frost, Franzoi and Oswald (2012) found evidence suggesting that the way individuals evaluate their physical selves, also called body esteem, may have changed over the past quarter century. The findings were particularly strong regarding men's self-evaluations. Because Frost et al.'s (2012) findings focused on the Body Esteem Scale (BES: Franzoi & Shields, 1984), which is a measure that captures dimensions uniquely important to adult self-perception and physical evaluation within a multidimensional and gender-specific framework, one obvious implication of this study is that the BES may need revising in order to remain as current and relevant as possible.

With that …

Parent Attributional Style And Early Termination From Child And Parent Therapy, Ryan James Mattek

Dissertations (1934 -)

ABSTRACT

PARENT ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE AND EARLY TERMINATION

FROM CHILD AND PARENT THERAPY

Ryan J. Mattek, M.A.

Marquette University, 2013

Behavior problems are prevalent in young children and represent a threat to a child's typical development. These early behavior problems are even more common in children from low-income, urban settings. If left untreated, such challenging behaviors may become ingrained and lead to later more severe behaviors including aggression, violence, and anti-social behaviors. Research has demonstrated that participation in child and parent therapy (CPT) programs significantly reduces problematic child behaviors while increasing positive behaviors in both the child and the parent. However, …

Family-School Partnerships: Promoting Family Participation In K-3 Teacher Professional Development, Carolyn P. Edwards, Heidi Fleharty

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Sixty-three teachers in a K-3 mathematics specialist certificate program conducted family projects in order to improve their skills in partnering with families around mathematics. Past studies have indicated that family involvement in children's education has many positive influences on academic achievement; however, parents' discomfort with math, and teachers' discomfort of working with parents, may be obstacles. The purpose of the present study was to examine two years of teachers' mathematical family projects and describe the types of projects chosen, the risks and benefits of these projects, and the quality of the parent-child interaction. It was found that the teachers implemented …

Sensory-Specific Appetition: Postingestive Detection Of Glucose Rapidly Promotes Continued Consumption Of A Recently Encountered Flavor, Kevin P. Myers, Marisa S. Taddeo, Emily K. Richards

Faculty Journal Articles

It is generally thought that macronutrients stimulate intake when sensed in the mouth (e.g., sweet taste) but as food enters the GI tract its effects become inhibitory, triggering satiation processes leading to meal termination. Here we report experiments extending recent work (see [1]) showing that under some circumstances nutrients sensed in the gut produce a positive feedback effect, immediately promoting continued intake. In one experiment, rats with intragastric (IG) catheters were accustomed to consuming novel flavors in saccharin daily while receiving water infused IG (5 ml/15 min). The very first time glucose (16% w/w) was infused IG instead of water, …

Supervisees' Experiences Of Ruptures In Multicultural Supervision: A Qualitative Study, Laura Lubbers

Dissertations (1934 -)

As the paradigmatic shift of multiculturalism emerges in counseling, the constructs of culture and context warrant examination in the supervision process. With an understanding that conflict is inevitable in supervision relationships particularly when cultural topics are being discussed, investigation into the process of ruptures and rupture repair as they take place within multicultural supervision is warranted. Despite the attention paid to addressing culture in supervision, surprisingly little empirical attention has focused on supervisee experiences of ruptures in multicultural supervision. This study sought to provide a deeper understanding of supervisees' experiences of ruptures in multicultural supervision. Twelve participants were interviewed regarding …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Minimum Word Counts On Writing Tasks, Steven O'Brien, Verneda P. Hamm Baugh

Modern Psychological Studies

The ability of students to successfully fulfill coursework requirements is an important topic in the fields of education as well as psychology. The present study was designed to examine the effects of placing a minimum word count on a writing task. The participants were asked to complete a writing prompt that may or may not have contained a minimum word count. The number of words written for both groups was then analyzed. The data from the two groups showed that there was a significant difference between the group who received a minimum word count and those who did not. The …

Hindsight Bias In The 2012 United States Presidential Election, Judith Gilbert

Modern Psychological Studies

Hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to increase their confidence in a prediction after they've learned the outcome of an event; this is also known as the knew-it-all-along effect. The present study explored hindsight bias in the context of the 2012 United States presidential election. Participants were asked to predict various election outcomes one week before the election and then were asked to reconstruct those predictions one week after the outcome was known. The study showed strong evidence of hindsight bias and this bias did not depend on political affiliation, gender, or prior knowledge.

What A Girl Wants: Female Mate Selection In Terms Of Monetary Resources And Number Of Children, Stefanit Tucker

Modern Psychological Studies

Several evolutionary theories provide the framework for assessing modern mate selection. Previous research in female mate selection has left a gap in whether and how number of children a male has can impact the perception of monetary resources he possesses and subsequently his desirability as a mate. The present investigation thus set out to examine resource-related differences among males with average ($50,001-75,000) and above average incomes (>$150,000) by analyzing data available through the online dating website, match.com. Furthermore, the geographic locations of New York, New York and Louisville, Kentucky were used to both refine results but also maintain genera …

"I'Ll Sleep When I'M Dead": Exploring The Relationship Between Fatigue, Memory, Feeling, And Mood States Among College Students, Lanie Foutch, Rachel Bollinger, Randy Carden

Modern Psychological Studies

This study investigated the relationship between sleep and scores on fatigue, with memory, feeling, and mood states. Eighty-two participants completed the Piper Fatigue Scale (Berger et al., 2009), the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood Scale (Lorr & Wunderlich, 1988), and a memory test (Polzella, 1975). A significant correlation was found between the scores on the Piper Fatigue Scale and scores on the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood scale, but memory test scores and the Piper Fatigue scale scores were unrelated. The correlation between fatigue, feeling, and mood states indicates that fatigue was negatively correlated with feelings and moods such as …

An Introspective Analysis Of The Etiological Relationships Of Psychopathy In Serial Killers And Successful Business Men, Krystina L. Quow

Modern Psychological Studies

Ted Bundy. Jeffrey Dahmer. Charles Manson. Decades following their acts of violence, their names continue to incite fear as well as perplexity into the motivations that brought about their heinous crimes. As individuals possessing psychopathic personalities, they used their charm and quick wit to both manipulate and gain the trust of their victims. While their names do not elicit the same emotional response as Bundy or Manson, Bernie Madoff and Steve Jobs may also express the symptomology characteristic of psychopathy. But rather than committing violent crimes, they channeled their talents to the advancement of their careers and toward financial gain. …

Personality As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Stress And Academic Deviance, Aaron Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

Academic deviance poses a continual threat to the education system from its persistence through generations and its presence in almost every form of institutionalized education (Davis et al., 1992). The aim of the present study was to integrate both situational and individual components of stress to examine their influence on academic deviance while testing the moderating role of trait impulsiveness on the degree of academic deviance displayed. Participants were 125 (98 women, 27 men) college students at a private university in the southern region of the United States. The Academic Dishonesty Inventory (Lucas, 2005) was used to measure academic deviance, …

Gender Bias In Leader Evaluations: Merging Implicit Theories And Role Congruity Perspectives, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeni L. Burnette

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

This research extends our understanding of gender bias in leader evaluations by merging role congruity and implicit theory perspectives. We tested and found support for the prediction that the link between people’s attitudes regarding women in authority and their subsequent gender-biased leader evaluations is significantly stronger for entity theorists (those who believe attributes are fixed) relative to incremental theorists (those who believe attributes are malleable). In Study 1, 147 participants evaluated male and female gubernatorial candidates. Results supported predictions, demonstrating that traditional attitudes toward women in authority significantly predicted a pro-male gender bias in leader evaluations (and progressive attitudes predicted …

Narcissism And Altruism Among Undergraduate Business And Religion Majors, Dillon Jones, Kerri Carden, Randy Carden

Modern Psychological Studies

Research has suggested links between narcissism, unethical behavior, and undergraduate business majors. It has been theorized that altruism has a negative relationship with narcissism and research has suggested that religiosity is linked to disapproval of the unethical. Based on this information, the current study hypothesized that business majors would score higher on narcissism than religion majors, measured as selfism using the Phares and Erskine Selfism Test. The current study also hypothesized that religion majors would score higher on altruism than business majors, measured by Johnson's Self-Report Altruism Scale. Forty-one male and 27 female undergraduates majoring in either business or religion …

Life Stressors And Resources And The 23-Year Course Of Depression, Ruth Cronkite, Erin Woodhead, Andrea Finlay, Christine Timko, Kirsten Hu, Rudolf Moos

Faculty Publications

Background Life stressors and personal and social resources are associated with depression in the short-term, but little is known about their associations with the long-term course of depression. The current paper presents results of a 23-year study of community adults who were receiving treatment for depression at baseline (N=382). Methods Semi-parametric group-based modeling was used to identify depression trajectories and determine baseline predictors of belonging to each trajectory group. Results There were three distinct courses of depression: high severity at baseline with slow decline, moderate severity at baseline with rapid decline, and low severity at baseline with rapid …

Cognitive Conflict Adaptation In Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Scott A. Baldwin, Michael J. Larson, Ann Clawson, Peter E. Clayson

Faculty Publications

ndividuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) display poor emotional conflict adaptation, a cogni- tive control process requiring the adjustment of performance based on previous-trial conflict. It is unclear whether GAD-related conflict adaptation difficulties are present during tasks without emotionally-salient stimuli. We examined conflict adaptation using the N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral responses on a Flanker task from 35 individuals with GAD and 35 controls. Groups did not differ on conflict adaptation accuracy; individuals with GAD also displayed intact RT conflict adaptation. In contrast, individuals with GAD showed decreased amplitude N2 principal component for conflict adap- tation. …

An Affair Not To Remember? It Might Help To Change Your Name, Man Cyndi Zhang, Xiaowei Luo

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

While a growing body of research has examined how organizations respond to institutional change, less examined is how institutional change can create opportunities for organizations to manage their public image. We propose that institutional change allows firms to leverage the ambiguity around the motive for image management and thus minimize audience’s unfavorable attribution of the motive. Specifically, we focus on an organization’s name change as a means of image management. From the audience’s standpoint, an organization could change its name as a result of having responded to institutional change, or to convey new strategic directions, or to manipulate the public …

Alternative Predictors For Dealing With The Diversity-Validity Dilemma In Personnel Selection: The Constructed Response Multimedia Test, Britt De Soete, Filip Lievens, Janneke Oostrom, Lena Westerveld

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In the context of the diversity-validity dilemma in personnel selection, the present field study compared ethnic subgroup differences on an innovative constructed response multimedia test to other commonly used selection instruments. Applicants (N=245, 27% ethnic minorities) for entry-level police jobs completed a constructed response multimedia test, cognitive ability test, language proficiency test, personality inventory, structured interview, and role play. Results demonstrated minor ethnic subgroup differences on constructed response multimedia test scores as compared to other instruments. Constructed response multimedia test scores were related to the selection decision, and no evidence for predictive bias was found. Subgroup differences were also examined …

Do Candidate Reactions Relate To Job Performance Or Affect Criterion-Related Validity? A Multistudy Investigation Of Relations Among Reactions, Selection Test Scores, And Job Performance, Julie Mccarthy, Chad H. Van Iddekinge, Filip Lievens, Mavis Mei-Chuan Kung, Evan F. Sinar, Michael A. Campion

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Considerable evidence suggests that how candidates react to selection procedures can affect their test performance and their attitudes toward the hiring organization (e.g., recommending the firm to others). However, very few studies of candidate reactions have examined one of the outcomes organizations care most about: job performance. We attempt to address this gap by developing and testing a conceptual framework that delineates whether and how candidate reactions might influence job performance. We accomplish this objective using data from 4 studies (total N = 6,480), 6 selection procedures (personality tests, job knowledge tests, cognitive ability tests, work samples, situational judgment tests, …

Changing Things Up In Recruitment: Effects Of A 'Strange' Recruitment Medium On Applicant Pool Quantity And Quality, Saartje Cromheecke, Greet Van Hoye, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In a field experiment, we investigated the impact of a 'strange' recruitment medium on the quantity and quality of the applicant pool. Recruiting through an unusual medium (i.e., postcard) was associated with higher applicant pool quantity, as compared to a more frequently used medium (i.e., e-mail). With respect to quality, applicants recruited through the strange medium were higher educated. A follow-up questionnaire confirmed that the media were perceived to differ in strangeness, not in media richness or credibility. These results suggest that 'changing things up' in recruitment by employing strange recruitment media can positively affect key recruitment outcomes.

Satisfaction Pursuing Approach And Avoidance Goals: Effects Of Regulatory Fit And Individual Temperaments, Guihyun Grace Park, Linn Van Dyne, Daniel R. Ilgen

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Going beyond previous studies on satisfaction in pursuing approach versus avoidance goals, the current study is the first to examine individual satisfaction in pursuing approach and avoidance goals as determined by regulatory fit between type of goal and type of strategy. Specifically, the present study shows that people with approach goals have greater satisfaction when they use an approach strategy rather than an avoidance strategy. People with avoidance goals have greater satisfaction when they use an avoidance strategy rather than an approach strategy. In addition, we explored how individual differences in the Behavioral Activation System and the Behavioral Inhibition System …

Playing Hard-To-Get: Manipulating One's Perceived Availability As A Mate, Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

‘Playing hard-to-get’ is a mating tactic in which people give the impression that they are ostensibly uninterested to get others to desire them more. This topic has received little attention because of theoretical and methodological limitations of prior work. We present four studies drawn from four different American universities that examined playing hard-to-get as part of a supply-side economics model of dating. In Studies 1a (N = 100) and 1b (N = 491), we identified the tactics that characterize playing hard-to-get and how often men and women enact them. In Study 2 (N = 290), we assessed reasons why men …