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2013

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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 2550

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Impact Of Training On Eyewitness Memory, Breanna Nelson May 2013

The Impact Of Training On Eyewitness Memory, Breanna Nelson

HIM 1990-2015

In a large body of research, Elizabeth Loftus (1975) first illuminated major concerns about the inaccuracy of eyewitness accounts. The primary goal of the present research was to test whether training regarding common eyewitness mistakes and witness suggestibility could improve eyewitness accuracy. The experimental group watched a presentation on research conducted by Elizabeth Loftus (1975) on eyewitness testimony and suggestibility during a Psychology course. Afterwards, an actor interrupted the classroom and had a discussion with the teacher. Students were asked a series of questions about the disruption. Some of the questions were leading and suggested certain things about the disruption …

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Mental Illness In The Prison System: Exploring The Issues And Possible Solutions, Melinda Pacecca May 2013

Mental Illness In The Prison System: Exploring The Issues And Possible Solutions, Melinda Pacecca

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this research was to explore the issue of mental health in the prison system. A large portion of the prison population is mentally ill. The prison environment poses special challenges to these individuals. Treating mental illness in a prison environment can be difficult as there are many factors that must be considered in deciding the best way to handle mentally ill offenders. Mental health courts show promise in dealing with these issues, but methods vary quite significantly from region to region. A literature review was conducted to provide an overview of the types of mental illnesses seen …

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Perceived Stress, Adjustment, Emotional And Behavioral Functioning, And Self-Esteem Among College Freshman And The Role Of Parental Support, Sarah Prentice May 2013

Perceived Stress, Adjustment, Emotional And Behavioral Functioning, And Self-Esteem Among College Freshman And The Role Of Parental Support, Sarah Prentice

HIM 1990-2015

This current study examined the relationships among Freshmen students' contact with their parents, stress, adjustment, emotional and behavioral functioning, and self-esteem. As part of this study, 121 ethnically diverse college Freshmen completed measures assessing the aforementioned variables. Analyses of variance suggested that college Freshmen varied in their ratings of these variables based on their gender and living situation(i.e., whether they lived on campus, in the community, or in their parents' home). Correlational analyses suggested that there were significant relationships among parental involvement and college students' stress, adjustment, emotional and behavioral problems, and self-esteem. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that gender, living …

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Music Influences On Health Compromising Behaviors, Erum Qureshi May 2013

Music Influences On Health Compromising Behaviors, Erum Qureshi

HIM 1990-2015

Considering the vast number of youth that participate in sexual behavior and start using illicit drugs at a young age, it is imperative to investigate the prevalence of media filled with both subliminal and blatant messages about drugs and sexuality. It is hypothesized that lyrical content of music and the content and imagery of music videos will contain conscious messages about drug and alcohol use, and sexual behaviors. Content analysis that used the frequency method determined the amount of sexual and drug messages within five songs from each artist. Additionally, it is postulated that participants who frequently listen to specific …

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The Role Of Parenting And Attachment In Identity Style Development, Kaylin Ratner May 2013

The Role Of Parenting And Attachment In Identity Style Development, Kaylin Ratner

HIM 1990-2015

Due to the significant relationships between parenting style, attachment, and identity formation found in previous literature, this study investigated the possibility of attachment playing a mediational role in the relationship between parenting and identity style. A total of 264 students from two high schools participated in this study. Although not mediational, significant relationships between maternal responsiveness, attachment, and the normative identity style were found. An outstanding and unexpected finding of this study was that the attachment and responsiveness measurements, although thought to be assessing different variables, are now suspected to be looking at constructs that are almost one-in-the-same. Extending to …

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Adult Attachment Patterns, Ethnic Experience, And Social Competence; Comparing African American And Caucasian College Students, Melissa Robin May 2013

Adult Attachment Patterns, Ethnic Experience, And Social Competence; Comparing African American And Caucasian College Students, Melissa Robin

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this thesis was to examine adult attachment patterns and ethnic experience and the relationship on social competence. There are limited studies that have examined the differences among racially and ethnically diverse populations. A total of 60 university undergraduate students completed the Relationship Questionnaire, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, Measure of Adolescent Hetersocial Competence, and the Scale of Ethnic Experience. Results showed that some differences existed between the two groups in terms of attachment patterns. Ethnic identity was related to social competence with both groups. It is suggested that ethnic experience may be useful for studying social competence.

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Examination Of The Relationship Between Sport Concussion And Long Term Neurodegenerative And Psychological Disorders: A Literature Review, Vivian Rivera May 2013

Examination Of The Relationship Between Sport Concussion And Long Term Neurodegenerative And Psychological Disorders: A Literature Review, Vivian Rivera

HIM 1990-2015

Background: According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.6 to 3.8 million Americans suffer a sports related concussion each year. Concussion is defined as a transient alteration of the brain structure caused by a direct or indirect force. During the last decade, a vast amount of clinical research on the long term effects of repetitive head trauma has occurred, especially on the subject of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), depression and dementia. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to examine the literature pertaining to multiple concussion and the long-term effects of multiple concussion such as neurodegenerative …

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Exploring The Linguistic Styles Of Students With A Propensity For Alcoholism And Students With Symptoms Of Depression, Sarah Sanders May 2013

Exploring The Linguistic Styles Of Students With A Propensity For Alcoholism And Students With Symptoms Of Depression, Sarah Sanders

HIM 1990-2015

The present study investigated whether participants with a high propensity for alcoholism demonstrate the same linguistic pattern previously established for depression in response to a personal essay. It was hypothesized that students with a higher propensity for alcoholism would display a similar linguistic style when compared to those with symptoms of depression; specifically students with a higher propensity for alcohol abuse or dependence would use more first person singular pronouns and less first person plural pronouns. They were also hypothesized to use more negative emotion words similar to those with symptoms of depression. Participants completed a writing exercise that was …

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The Role Of Anxiety In Mental Tumbling Blocks, Shannon Thompson May 2013

The Role Of Anxiety In Mental Tumbling Blocks, Shannon Thompson

HIM 1990-2015

Mental tumbling blocks are a problem in sports such as cheerleading where the athlete has an unexplained fear related to performing a skill that has been previously executed successfully. The current study compared participants with and without a mental tumbling block on self-report measures of anxiety and on vocal analysis data indicating if anxiety or fear is present. Participants were female cheerleaders who ranged in age from 10 to 16 years old. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2; Smith, Smoll, Cumming & Grossbard, 2006) and the Cheerleading Fear Inventory (CFI; modified from Cartoni, Minganti, and Zelli, 2005) were used in addition …

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The Label Of Madness: The Effects Of Career Choice And Gender On Perceptions Of Mental Illness, Angela Vanella May 2013

The Label Of Madness: The Effects Of Career Choice And Gender On Perceptions Of Mental Illness, Angela Vanella

HIM 1990-2015

People with creative abilities have often been stereotyped as insane, neurotic, and prone to addiction (Kaufman, Bromley, & Cole, 2006; Corrigan, 2005). These labels have perpetuated the stigma for many generations (Ludwig, 1995). In addition, females have often been stereotyped as "bad at math," but are assumed to be more verbal and creative (Quinn & Spencer, 2001). The present study hypothesized that creative writers would be stereotyped as more mentally ill, neurotic, and addicted to substances compared to scientists. It was also predicted that gender would exacerbate the phenomenon such that females would be particularly vulnerable to this stereotype. Statistical …

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Personality And Interpersonal Aspects Of The Work Environment, Roseann Swiden Wick May 2013

Personality And Interpersonal Aspects Of The Work Environment, Roseann Swiden Wick

HIM 1990-2015

Workplace arrogance has emerged as a research focus area for many industrial-organizational psychologists. Employees who demonstrate arrogance tend to demonstrate poor job performance, executive failure and poor overall organizational success. The present study investigates arrogance measured by the Workplace Arrogance Scale (WARS: Johnson et al., 2010) in relation to the Honesty Humility facet of the HEXACO Personality Index-Revised (HEXACO PI-R: LEE & Ashton, 2004). A total of 273 participants completed the WARS and HEXACO PI-R Honesty-Humility Facet of the HEXACO. Results show significant, strong negative correlations between the Honesty-Humility subfacets and the overall Honesty Humility facet score with the WARS …

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders : Identifying Family Factors, Characterizing Child Behaviors, And Evaluating A Parent Education Program., Lauren B. Davis May 2013

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders : Identifying Family Factors, Characterizing Child Behaviors, And Evaluating A Parent Education Program., Lauren B. Davis

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) refers to the group of conditions that results when a developing fetus is exposed to alcohol and is considered one of the leading causes of mental retardation and birth defects in the United States. Children with FASD typically have emotional and behavioral disabilities as well as poor academic functioning. Few empirically supported programs have been specifically designed for parents of children FASD. The present work aimed to evaluate a new FASD intervention and to identify characteristics of families raising a child with FASD. Thirty-one families with children ranging from 2 to 11 years of age …

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The Effect Of Inversion On Infant Attention Disengagement From Faces., Jessica Pence May 2013

The Effect Of Inversion On Infant Attention Disengagement From Faces., Jessica Pence

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

No abstract provided.

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Television And Depression., Rachel Marie Cunningham May 2013

Television And Depression., Rachel Marie Cunningham

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of mood and depressive symptoms with both the amount and type of television programming viewed. This study was also concerned with learning whether members of different genders and age groups are more or less likely to exhibit correlations between positive or negative mood and certain amounts and types of programs watched. The study addressed the following research questions: Question 1: What is the relationship between mood and amount of television viewing time? Question 2: What is the relationship between mood/depression and different types of programming, and is the same relationship …

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Use Of Social Media In Adolescent Obesity Intervention, Helen Hansen May 2013

Use Of Social Media In Adolescent Obesity Intervention, Helen Hansen

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Childhood and adolescent obesity strongly predicts adult obesity (Spruijt-Metz, 2011) and literature highlights the transitional period into college as a “high risk weight gain period” (Holm-Denoma, Joiner, Vohs, & Heatherton, 2008). Obesity is associated with poor physical outcomes (Freedman, Dietz, Srinivasan, & Berenson, 1999; Katz & D’Ambrosio, 2010) and psychological conditions are found in 34% of children and adolescents with an obesity-related condition, in comparison to 20% of the children in the general population (Wang & Beydoun, 2007). In the context of obesity programs, growing evidence supports the efficacy of increasing physical activity without calorie restriction to decrease body fat …

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Theoretical Underpinnings Of Jury Decision Making In Excuse Defense Cases, Christopher Sean Peters May 2013

Theoretical Underpinnings Of Jury Decision Making In Excuse Defense Cases, Christopher Sean Peters

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the typical criminal trial, a defendant is trying to prove he/she is not guilty because they were not the individual that committed the crime. However, another type of defense exists in which the defendant admits they were the culprit, but provides an excuse in an attempt to avoid criminal punishment. These so called "excuse defenses" include insanity, involuntary intoxication, age, and entrapment. In all cases, juries are required to determine whether the defendant had sufficient mental capacity to form the intent to commit the crime. Although jury decision making is a popular research area in psychology, relatively little has …

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Attention And Criminal Charge, Profile And Description: The Effect On Prospective Person Memory, Lindsey Nicole Sweeney May 2013

Attention And Criminal Charge, Profile And Description: The Effect On Prospective Person Memory, Lindsey Nicole Sweeney

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Prospective person memory is the ability to recognize and react to a missing or wanted individual that one has been asked to be on the lookout for in the future. Prospective person memory relies on several processes including face recognition, event-based prospective memory, and attention. Only recently has research on the role of visual attention on prospective person memory been examined. In this dissertation, the gap between prospective person memory and attention is addressed. Although research on prospective person memory is steadily increasing, the research in this area is still in its infancy and the exact memory mechanisms that affect …

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Influencing Factors On Creative Tourists' Revisiting Intentions: The Roles Of Motivation, Experience And Perceived Value, Lan-Lan Chang May 2013

Influencing Factors On Creative Tourists' Revisiting Intentions: The Roles Of Motivation, Experience And Perceived Value, Lan-Lan Chang

All Dissertations

As Richards (2008) asserted, creative tourism is a new form of tourism that has the potential to change tourism development and make a significant contribution in differentiating and changing the tourism experience. Reviewing current literature, despite increased attention being given to the conception of creative tourism, there has been little empirical work focused on the tourists' consumption psychology of creative tourism. Thus, this study attempts to reveal tourists' intention to revisit creative tourism attractions by applying the theory of planned behavior, to explore the role of tourists' motivation, experience and perceived value on the influence of their intention to revisit …

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The Role Of Hardiness, Family Hardiness, And Parenting Self-Efficacy On Parenting Stress In Adoptive Parents, Erica Danielle Raisanen May 2013

The Role Of Hardiness, Family Hardiness, And Parenting Self-Efficacy On Parenting Stress In Adoptive Parents, Erica Danielle Raisanen

Master's Theses

Adoptive parents are at risk for experiencing a high level of parenting stress (McGlone, Santos, Kazama, Fong, & Mueller, 2002) throughout the duration of the adoption experience. Adoptee background factors have been found to contribute to increased levels of parenting stress and distress in adoptive parents (Brooks, Simmel, Wind, & Barth, 2005; McDonald, Lieberman, Partridge, & Homby, 1991; McGlone et al., 2002). Increased parenting stress has been associated with negative outcomes for both parent and child (Ang, 2008; Deater-Deckard, Smith, & Ivy 2005; Morgan, Robinsion, & Aldridge, 2002). Hardiness, family hardiness and parental self-efficacy are protective factors that have all …

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Towards A Greater Understanding Of The Antecedents Of Dehumanization: A Contempt-Dehumanization Framework, Fade Rimon Eadeh May 2013

Towards A Greater Understanding Of The Antecedents Of Dehumanization: A Contempt-Dehumanization Framework, Fade Rimon Eadeh

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Although dehumanization has been studied in a variety of conceptual and methodological paradigms, surprisingly little is known about the role of affect as a mediator of the dehumanization process. In this paper we propose and test a contempt-dehumanization model, which stipulates that, the effect of severe norm violations on dehumanization is indirect, as mediated by contempt: norm violation ! contempt ! dehumanization). Across three studies we provide consistent support for this model in the realm of extremely immoral acts committed by drug dealers who intentionally target young children: Experiments 1 and 3) as well as unscrupulous Wall Street businessmen who …

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Effects Of Emotional Content On Boundary Extension, David William Kerner May 2013

Effects Of Emotional Content On Boundary Extension, David William Kerner

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Eye-fixation tasks have demonstrated that emotionally charged and novel stimuli draw greater attentional resources than familiar or neutral stimuli. In the present study, these findings are tested as a possible cause for the consistent scene perception phenomenon of boundary extension. Three groups of participants were shown happy, sad, and neutral images and asked to recall these images after a period of 20 minutes. A drawing task was used to assess how boundary extension effects varied across emotional content groups. Each individual drawing was assessed for distortions in central image size. Magnitude percentage changes in central image size show significant differences …

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The Impact Of The Built Environment And At-Home Calorie Consumption On Family-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Outcomes, Myra Altman May 2013

The Impact Of The Built Environment And At-Home Calorie Consumption On Family-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Outcomes, Myra Altman

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

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Academic And Mental Health Functioning In College Students With Chronic Medical Conditions, Casey Lawless May 2013

Academic And Mental Health Functioning In College Students With Chronic Medical Conditions, Casey Lawless

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

As medical technologies continue to improve, what used to be considered terminal illnesses are now becoming chronic medical conditions. Studies have consistently shown that children and adolescents with chronic illnesses are more absent from school than their healthy peers (Fowler, Davenport, & Garg, 1992; Taras & Potts-Datema, 2005), and perform poorly in school despite having equitable intelligence levels (Sexson & Madan-Swain, 1993). However, despite thorough documentation of this phenomenon in younger children, there is a lack of research on the effects of chronic illness among college students. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of chronic illness …

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Methods For Aggregating Descriptive Assessment Data Prior To Conducting A Matching Analysis, Mary-Jo Robinson May 2013

Methods For Aggregating Descriptive Assessment Data Prior To Conducting A Matching Analysis, Mary-Jo Robinson

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Data collected from descriptive assessments of children’s behavior and caregiver responses can be summarized according to matching theory, which states that relative rates of responding match relative rates of reinforcement. The extent to which matching applies to descriptive assessment data can be evaluated by application of the generalized matching equation (GME). However, three limitations exist in previous applications of the GME: (a) the most appropriate method of aggregating the data is unclear, (b) consequences must be manipulated in order to determine reinforcement, and (c) individual differences in sensitivity can influence the results. This Capstone project addressed those three issues by …

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Types Of Procrastinators: Perfectionists Vs. Crisis-Making Procrastinators, Terry Mcroberts May 2013

Types Of Procrastinators: Perfectionists Vs. Crisis-Making Procrastinators, Terry Mcroberts

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of the study was to see if college students who procrastinate show differences in the different types of procrastination. The two types of procrastination used in the study are perfectionists and crisis-making procrastinators. Perfectionist procrastinators are individuals who have difficulties completing a task due to lack of satisfaction, and Crisis-making procrastinators are individuals who postpone task until the there is a short amount of time left. The hypothesis is that college students are more likely to be crisis-making procrastinators rather than perfectionist procrastinators when completing an assignment. The method involved surveying college students in the Lindenwood Participant Pool …

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Context And The Assessment Of Peer Preference: The Lunch Table Rating Scale, James Thomas Craig May 2013

Context And The Assessment Of Peer Preference: The Lunch Table Rating Scale, James Thomas Craig

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study reports on the development and initial evaluation of a novel peer-report measure of lunch mate preference. The Lunch Table Rating Scale (LTRS) was designed to assess peer preference within a narrow but important Social context while limiting the unwanted influence of reputational bias on peer ratings. Psychometric properties of the LTRS were examined using a sample of 298 fourth-grade students. The LTRS demonstrated good internal consistency and adequate stability over a four-month interval. LTRS scores were positively correlated with Social preference scores from a traditional classroom sociometric instrument and negatively correlated with self-, teacher-, and peer-reported levels of …

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Rape Education For A Busy World : Creating A Brief Rape Prevention Program, Jessica Nilson May 2013

Rape Education For A Busy World : Creating A Brief Rape Prevention Program, Jessica Nilson

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Rape occurs too frequently in this country. What legally constitutes rape is a contentious issue and theorists debate the causes of rape. The current study discusses four theories which attempt to explain the causes of rape, including the just world, evolutionary, feminist, and social learning theories. Although theorists debate about the cause of rape, they agree the prevention of rape is important. Rape prevention often takes the form of educational programs requiring a large time commitment on the part of participants. No research study has attempted to use a brief method of rape education. Pornography research has shown educational briefings …

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The Effects Of Authoritarianism On Moral Schema Development And Usage, Clinton Luth May 2013

The Effects Of Authoritarianism On Moral Schema Development And Usage, Clinton Luth

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The current published research on authoritarianism and morality has used the DIT in an overly simplistic manner to predict opinions and actions within the dual process model, using principled moral development (P) as a continuous variable only without examining the influence of schema structure on authoritarianism, and vice versa (McFarland, 2010a). While using P as a continuous variable is advised in most research cases, the scale developers recommend using schema measures when examining the relationship of the DIT to other judgment measures (Thoma, 2006). By interpreting moral development and decision making as a linear construct rather than as a set …

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Exploring The Marital Conflict Of Police Officers: The Roles Of Job Stress, Job Burnout, And Work-To-Family Conflict, Shannon Marie Morley May 2013

Exploring The Marital Conflict Of Police Officers: The Roles Of Job Stress, Job Burnout, And Work-To-Family Conflict, Shannon Marie Morley

Theses and Dissertations

Previous scholarship suggests that the nature of policing is stressful and has important implications for the marital quality of police officers. Given the stresses inherent in policing, the purpose of this study is to examine how job stress, job burnout, and work-to-family conflict experienced by male and female police officers impact the likelihood of experiencing marital conflict; the potential mediating role of work-to-family conflict is also examined. This thesis also explores gender differences that may exist in the experience of these variables. Data from the 1995 Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel in the United States study was …

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Stress, Coping, And Depression In Adolescents： A Longitudinal Analysis Of Data From National Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Health, Xiaoyun Zhang May 2013

Stress, Coping, And Depression In Adolescents： A Longitudinal Analysis Of Data From National Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Health, Xiaoyun Zhang

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The study examined the relationships among stress, coping and depression using the public-use data from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Harris & Udry, 1994-2008). The total sample of 3844 participants aged from 11 to 27 was included in the analysis. Latent growth curve modeling was used to identify the developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms and stressful life events from age 12 to age 24, respectively; Latent growth curve modeling with two-construct parallel processes was used to examine the associations between stressful life events and depressive symptoms over time. Path analysis was used to …

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