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2012

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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 2210

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Perceptions Of Advancement Opportunities As A Barrier For Women In Management, Michelle Espeleta Balisi Jan 2012

Perceptions Of Advancement Opportunities As A Barrier For Women In Management, Michelle Espeleta Balisi

Theses Digitization Project

The present study will examine whether or not the experience of stereotype threat, a women's gender role perceptions, the presence of family-friendly work policies in organizations, and a woman's perception of the fairness of personnel practices will predict their perceptions of advancement opportunities. Furthermore, perceptions of advancement opportunities will be examined to determine whether or not it mediates the relationship between personal and organizational factors and organizational commitment. The present study included 113 participants recruited from Psychology classes at a mid-sized university in the southwest to complete the survey. They were also recruited from organizations within Riverside County, Orange County, …

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The Role Of Self-Esteem And Social Support In The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Ashley Anne Burton Jan 2012

The Role Of Self-Esteem And Social Support In The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Ashley Anne Burton

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child emotional abuse, social support, and self-esteem and current posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Specifically, the role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between child emotional abuse and current PTSD was explored, after taking into account demographic variables and other types of abuse.

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The Influence Of Positive And Negative Couple Rituals On Satisfaction, Commitment, And Dyadic Adjustment, Timetra Marie Hampton Jan 2012

The Influence Of Positive And Negative Couple Rituals On Satisfaction, Commitment, And Dyadic Adjustment, Timetra Marie Hampton

Theses Digitization Project

The current study predicted that positive couple rituals would be positively associated with relationship satisfaction, commitment, and dyadic adjustment, whereas negative couple rituals were expected to exhibit a negative association with these outcome variables. Data for this study were collected online in 2009. Participants included undergraduate students from California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB), the University of Georgia (UGA), and the University of Connecticut (UNCONN).

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The Nature Of School Bullying According To Students Reporting It Within An Undercover Anti-Bullying Team, Evelyn Mercedez-Kijandra Knox Jan 2012

The Nature Of School Bullying According To Students Reporting It Within An Undercover Anti-Bullying Team, Evelyn Mercedez-Kijandra Knox

Theses Digitization Project

This project analyzes data from 35 undercover teams implemented by a guidance counselor at Edgewater College, a high school in a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. The author explores the nature of bullying according to the students reporting it. The findings are part of a larger project designed to examine the impact and effectiveness of an anti-bullying approach called an "undercover anti-bullying team."

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An Evaluation Of Undercover Anti-Bullying Teams: Participants' Personal Responses, Juanita Rosayln Williams Jan 2012

An Evaluation Of Undercover Anti-Bullying Teams: Participants' Personal Responses, Juanita Rosayln Williams

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project is to introduce and analyze the outcomes of undercover anti-bullying teams. The data to be presented in this research paper is on the use of these teams at Edgewater College, in Auckland, New Zealand, formed by Michael Williams the head guidance counselor. The data was collected ex post facto through two surveys. Each posed eight questions, stimulating participants to recall and expound on their personal experience. The surveys were completed by thirty-two undercover anti-bullying teams, during their final meetings.

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Infancy And Beyond: Parents Supporting The Healthy Sexual And Emotional Development Of Their Children, Jennifer Anne Newman Jan 2012

Infancy And Beyond: Parents Supporting The Healthy Sexual And Emotional Development Of Their Children, Jennifer Anne Newman

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project is to bring parental awareness to the subject matter, expand their knowledge base, and increase the parenting skill set related to childhood sexual development. The goal of this project is to shed light on childhood sexual development in service of best practice parenting, ultimately leading to optimal child outcomes. Providing parents with the knowledge to foster the healthy sexual development of their children is the ultimate goal. The participants were recruited from the California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) student body and were asked to fill out a demographic questionnaire.

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Examining The Occupational Engagement Of College Students With Asperger's Syndrome: A Mixed Methodology, Laura Leigh Henley Jan 2012

Examining The Occupational Engagement Of College Students With Asperger's Syndrome: A Mixed Methodology, Laura Leigh Henley

Online Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this convergent parallel mixed methods design was to determine how young adults enrolled in school with Asperger's Syndrome engage in occupations and how this population perceives their quality of life. Quantitatively, assessment data was gathered using Flanagan's Quality of life Scale and the Occupational Behaviors Satisfaction Checklist. Qualitatively, a phenomenological approach was taken utilizing the Lifestyle Performance Model as a guide to administer semi-structured interviews in order to determine occupational engagement experiences of the young adult population with Asperger's Syndrome enrolled in college. Results will be discussed with implications for occupational therapy and future research.

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Expectations Do Not Always Influence Food Liking, Jamie Phillip Hale Jan 2012

Expectations Do Not Always Influence Food Liking, Jamie Phillip Hale

Online Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present experiment was to examine how expectations influence cracker ratings on a scale of likeability. A large body of research shows that expectations affect food experiences (Wansink, 2004; Eertmans, Baeyens & Van den Bergh, 2001; Kahkonen & Tuorila, 1998). Participants were not aware that the primary interest of the study was how expectations influence cracker ratings. Participants were assigned to either a positive expectation group or a neutral expectation group. Participants in the positive expectation group received a positive verbal cue indicating that the crackers had recently been rated high in a national taste test. The …

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Invisible Chronic Illness: Invisible Is Not Imaginary, Rebecca Tadlock-Marlo Jan 2012

Invisible Chronic Illness: Invisible Is Not Imaginary, Rebecca Tadlock-Marlo

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The need for counselors to be versed in various areas of multicultural counseling is a requirement to the profession (ACA Code of Ethics, 2005). Providing a basis of counselor knowledge in dealing with the various areas of multiculturalism is necessary to revolutionize how we are able to help clients with various life stories. One of the goals within the ACA standards is to help navigate a sense of empowerment for such clients. Counselors must promote holistic wellness in the often challenging social, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual path of comeback. With the rise in invisible chronic physical conditions, the importance of …

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Examining The Role Of Identity In Negotiation Decision Making: The Case Of Cyprus, Cigdem Sirin Jan 2012

Examining The Role Of Identity In Negotiation Decision Making: The Case Of Cyprus, Cigdem Sirin

Selected Works Temporary Series

This study examines the effects of ethnic and social identities on negotiation decision making in the context of the Cyprus conflict. I conduct a theory-driven case study of the 1959 Zurich-London agreements on Cyprus, analyzing the positions of Turkey, Greece, Britain, and the Turkish and Greek Cypriot communities during the negotiation process. I find that even in the presence of adversarial ethnic ties, decision makers who have a shared (and salient) social identity are more likely to employ collective-serving decision strategies and seek evenhanded solutions that will not jeopardize their mutual interests. In contrast, decision makers with severe ethnic fragmentation …

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Ford Foundation, José Villalobos Jan 2012

Ford Foundation, José Villalobos

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Negative External Cues On Self-Focus And Negative Recollections Of An Interaction, Chandra L. Chappell Jan 2012

The Effect Of Negative External Cues On Self-Focus And Negative Recollections Of An Interaction, Chandra L. Chappell

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Social anxiety is characterized by a fear of negative evaluation and avoidance of social situations. Clark and Wells (1995) suggest that socially anxious individuals tend to self-monitor, but Rapee and Heimberg (1997) posit that this may interact with another inclination to searchfor external threat cues, which could exacerbate social anxiety. In the current study, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a conversation task. Confederates gave critical and judgmental cues in the critical condition and neutral cues in the neutral condition Results show a trend toward significance for an interaction such that socially anxious participants in the …

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The Effects Of Dual Enrollment Courses: Do They Prepare Students For College?, Ernesto Soto Jan 2012

The Effects Of Dual Enrollment Courses: Do They Prepare Students For College?, Ernesto Soto

McNair Scholars Research Journal

The focus on academic success starts early for many students. For example, many high school students have clear career goals and may take steps to ensure success at the collegiate level in order to achieve their goals (McWhirter, Torres, Salgado, & Valdez, 2007). Studies have shown that students who rate high on academic self-efficacy while in high school continue to succeed in their postsecondary education (Eccles, Vida, & Barber, 2004; Eccles & Wigfield, 2002). One method in which high school students can be better prepared for postsecondary education and increase their academic self-efficacy (Margolis & McCabe, 2004) is by participating …

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A Quantitative Analysis Of The Reward-Enhancing Effects Of Nicotine Using Reinforcer Demand, Scott T. Barrett, Rick A. Bevins Jan 2012

A Quantitative Analysis Of The Reward-Enhancing Effects Of Nicotine Using Reinforcer Demand, Scott T. Barrett, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Reward enhancement by nicotine has been suggested as an important phenomenon contributing toward tobacco abuse and dependence. Reinforcement value is a multifaceted construct not fully represented by any single measure of response strength. The present study evaluated the changes in the reinforcement value of a visual stimulus in 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats using the reinforcer demand technique proposed by Hursh and Silberberg. The different parameters of the model have been shown to represent differing facets of reinforcement value, including intensity, perseverance, and sensitivity to changes in response cost. Rats lever-pressed for 1-min presentations of a compound visual stimulus over blocks …

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Understanding The Motivational Consequences Of Extreme School Violence Through The Lens Of Mortality Salience: The Case Of Academic Self-Stereotyping In Math, Aaron Wichman Jan 2012

Understanding The Motivational Consequences Of Extreme School Violence Through The Lens Of Mortality Salience: The Case Of Academic Self-Stereotyping In Math, Aaron Wichman

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

We conducted an investigation into a determinant of academic motivation that has implications for how we respond to school violence and tragedy. We conducted two studies to examine whether exposure to messages related to the salience of one’s own mortality cause people to align their own academic beliefs more closely with stereotypical beliefs about their social groups. When exposed to graffiti images that contained messages such as R.I.P. (i.e., rest in peace), males and females in Study 1 expressed math attitudes that resembled the American stereotype of male superiority and female inferiority in this domain. In Study 2, writing about …

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Reward Differences Between Adolescents From A Native American Community And Adolescents From A Non-Native American Community, Mark Guthmiller, Daniel Houlihan, Liesa A. Klein, Kendra J. Homan, Tammy J. Jollie-Trottier Jan 2012

Reward Differences Between Adolescents From A Native American Community And Adolescents From A Non-Native American Community, Mark Guthmiller, Daniel Houlihan, Liesa A. Klein, Kendra J. Homan, Tammy J. Jollie-Trottier

Psychology Department Publications

Differences in preferred rewards of male and female Native American and non-Native America adolescents were examined using the Native American version of the Survey of Rewards for Teens (SORT-NA). The SORT-NA is a self-report survey which examines preferences across eight domains: sports, food, entertainment, excursions, interests and hobbies, social activities, social related activities, and a miscellaneous category. Results indicated significant differences in reward preference across culture in two domains, and across gender in five domains.

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The Psychotherapist Meets Death: Perspectives On Clinical Education In The Area Of Death And Dying, Leeann Bartolini Jan 2012

The Psychotherapist Meets Death: Perspectives On Clinical Education In The Area Of Death And Dying, Leeann Bartolini

Collected Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Phenomenological Theories Of Crime, Peter K. Manning, Michael W. Raphael Jan 2012

Phenomenological Theories Of Crime, Peter K. Manning, Michael W. Raphael

Graduate Student Publications and Research

The distinctive aspect of phenomenological theories of crime is that they are based upon a stated epistemology: how things are known and a specific ontology—the nature of social reality. This specificity aligns itself with neo-Kantian concern with forms of knowing, interpretation, and meaning, as well as with 20th-century concern with perception, cognition, and the framing of events. While there are influences of phenomenological thinking on varieties of theorizing, such as symbolic interactionism, critical theory, queer theory, and gender-based theories of crime, these ideas are refractions and are inconsistent in their reference to and understanding of the foundational phenomenological works. A …

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A Few Thoughts On Evidence In Social Work, Gary Holden, Ellen Tuchman, Kathleen Barker, Gary Rosenberg, May, Sofie Kuppens, Katie Watson Jan 2012

A Few Thoughts On Evidence In Social Work, Gary Holden, Ellen Tuchman, Kathleen Barker, Gary Rosenberg, May, Sofie Kuppens, Katie Watson

Publications and Research

Social work practitioners must act every working day in the face of uncertainty. This uncertainty arises in part because knowledge is often difficult to locate or sometimes lacking regarding: the systems context the population being served; the particular client system; the set of problems the client system is experiencing; as well as the various interventions that could be selected. It seems reasonable to explore ways to reduce the experience of uncertainty, and narrow, if not eliminate, the knowledge gaps that arise in such situations. The generic idea of evidence based practice has been advanced for some time as an approach …

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Calendar Interviewing And The Use Of Landmark Events – Implications For Cross-Cultural Surveys, Tina Glasner, Wander Van Der Vaart, Robert F. Belli Jan 2012

Calendar Interviewing And The Use Of Landmark Events – Implications For Cross-Cultural Surveys, Tina Glasner, Wander Van Der Vaart, Robert F. Belli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This paper discusses potential methodological issues in the design and implementation of calendar recall aids such as the Life History Calendar for cross-cultural surveys. More specifically, it aims to provide insights into how the use of landmark events in calendar interviewing may be influenced by cross-cultural variability. As an example, we compare the landmark events reported by Dutch and American respondents in two studies in which calendar recall aids were used. The study discusses differences that were found between the two countries in the numbers and types of reported landmark events, as well as in the temporal distribution of those …

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Lifespan Resilience Research Group (Lrrg), Julie Ann Pooley, Myra Taylor, Bronwyn Harman, Craig Harms Jan 2012

Lifespan Resilience Research Group (Lrrg), Julie Ann Pooley, Myra Taylor, Bronwyn Harman, Craig Harms

ECU Research Week

No abstract provided.

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Cognitive Reappraisal Ability As A Protective Factor: Resilience To Stress Across Time And Context, Allison S. Troy Jan 2012

Cognitive Reappraisal Ability As A Protective Factor: Resilience To Stress Across Time And Context, Allison S. Troy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emotion regulation is crucially involved in individuals' psychological health. For example, the frequent use of cognitive reappraisal, or changing the way one thinks about an emotional event, is positively associated with psychological health. Recent cross-sectional findings have shown that the ability to use cognitive reappraisal (cognitive reappraisal ability; CRA) is associated with lower depression in the context of high stress. However, two important questions about CRA remain unexamined: 1) Does CRA predict long-term adjustment to stress? 2) Do the protective effects of CRA depend upon the type of stress encountered? To examine these questions, a community sample of men and …

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Attitudes Toward Male Vegetarians: Challenging Gender Norms Through Food Choices, Brooke Browarnik Jan 2012

Attitudes Toward Male Vegetarians: Challenging Gender Norms Through Food Choices, Brooke Browarnik

Psychology Honors Papers

Research suggests that individuals learn to “do gender” and adhere to traditional gender norms from an early age. Those who do not do gender on a daily basis often experience adverse consequences (e.g., ridicule from others). The present study was designed to expand upon the literature regarding perceptions of a particular group of men who do not conform to gender norms – male vegetarians. Participants read one of four brief scenarios about a vegetarian or omnivore, male or female student who is vying for a student government position. After reading the scenario, participants 1) answered a series of questions about …

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Listen Carefully Y Presta Atención: Selective Attention In Late L2 Learners, Jennifer Anderson Jan 2012

Listen Carefully Y Presta Atención: Selective Attention In Late L2 Learners, Jennifer Anderson

Psychology Student Work

The current study sought to understand the effects of two languages on selective attention in a complex listening environment. Adult second language learners of Spanish of high or low proficiency attended to one spoken message in one ear while ignoring another from their other ear in a dichotic listening task. The language of each message was either English or Spanish. While both proficiency level groups performed worse on the dichotic listening task when attending to their second language, the high proficiency group was significantly better than the low proficiency group at attending to their second language and ignoring their native …

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Time For Myself, Time For Others: Gender Differences In The Meaning Of Retirement, Kate L. Lanning Jan 2012

Time For Myself, Time For Others: Gender Differences In The Meaning Of Retirement, Kate L. Lanning

Sociology Honors Projects

Research has demonstrated that work is a meaningful activity that contributes to peoples' identities. This meaning, however, may depend on the stage of the life course that one is in, and may be gendered. To contribute to understanding the social meaning of work and potentially gendered life-course transitions, I examine the experiences of older adults with work and retirement. Through interviews with both retired and working older adults, I examine whether and how older men and women differ from each other in the workplace and in retirement. Men and women face different challenges if they continue to work and when …

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The Effect Of Gender On Recalling Facial Features: Does Our Gender Determine Which Features Are Encoded At First Glance?, Stephanie Kaplan Jan 2012

The Effect Of Gender On Recalling Facial Features: Does Our Gender Determine Which Features Are Encoded At First Glance?, Stephanie Kaplan

Psychology Student Work

Previous research has implied that the accuracy of facial recognition may depend on the amount of time and attention paid to a particular feature. Recent studies have suggested that there may be an observer sex difference in visual scanning of unfamiliar faces, implying women and men may be processing different information (Hall, Hutton, & Morgan, 2010). While it has been shown repeatedly that women are more accurate at facial recognition and recognition of emotion, it has not yet been discovered if there is an individual feature that makes their increased recall possible. A better understanding of the interaction between gender …

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Dynamic Aspects Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2012

Dynamic Aspects Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern

Faculty Conference Papers and Presentations

Auditory imagery can represent many aspects of music, such as the starting pitches of a tune or the instrument that typically plays it. In this paper, I concentrate on more dynamic, or time-sensitive aspects of musical imagery, as demonstrated in two recently published studies. The first was a behavioral study that examined the ability to make emotional judgments about both heard and imagined music in real time. The second was a neuroimaging study on the neural correlates of anticipating an upcoming tune, after hearing a cue tune. That study found activation of several sequence-learning brain areas, some of which varied …

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Use Of Slope And Feature Cues In Pigeon ( Columba Livia) Goal-Searching Behavior, Daniele Nardi, Roseanne J. Mauch, Diana B. Kilmas, Verner P. Bingman Jan 2012

Use Of Slope And Feature Cues In Pigeon ( Columba Livia) Goal-Searching Behavior, Daniele Nardi, Roseanne J. Mauch, Diana B. Kilmas, Verner P. Bingman

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

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Social Support And Self-Concept In Relation To Peer Victimization And Peer Aggression, Lyndsay Jenkins, Michelle Demaray Jan 2012

Social Support And Self-Concept In Relation To Peer Victimization And Peer Aggression, Lyndsay Jenkins, Michelle Demaray

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Peer victimization is an enduring problem in schools (Wang, Iannotti, & Nansel, 2009). The current study focused on relations among two ecological variables that may be related to involvement in peer victimization: self-concept and social support. The main goal of this study was to investigate relations among social support, self-concept, and involvement in peer victimization (both as a victim and aggressor). The sample included 251 students in Grades 3–5. There was a significant negative relation between social support and peer victimization (β = –.22, p < .05) as well as a significant, negative relation between self-concept and peer victimization (β = –.24, p < .05). For peer aggression, there was a significant negative relation between social support and peer aggression (β = –.49, p < .001) as well as a significant, positive relation between self-concept and peer aggression (β = .23, p < .05).

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What Has Love Got To Do With It?: Sentimental Attachments And Legal Decision-Making, David Markell, Tom Tyler, Sarah F. Brosnan Jan 2012

What Has Love Got To Do With It?: Sentimental Attachments And Legal Decision-Making, David Markell, Tom Tyler, Sarah F. Brosnan

Scholarly Publications

No abstract provided.

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