Psychology Commons^™

An Evaluation Of Alternate Forms Of Reliability Of The Situational Assessment Of Leadership: Student Assessment (Salsa©), Ashley N. Wade

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The primary goal of the current study was to re-evaluate, revise, and abbreviate alternate forms of the Situational Assessment of Leadership: Student Assessment (SALSA©) developed by Grant (2009). Archival response sets collected from individuals with extensive experience in leadership who were administered either the full-length SALSA© or Form A or B in previous studies. A total of 80 individual response sets comprised the final sample. Items were categorized by p-value and Subject Matter Expert ratings gathered from the previous study. Items were then selected based on a combination of difficulty and item-total correlation (ITC) values. Selected items were paired based …

Development Of The Negative Attentional Bias During Exercise Measure And The Rumination And Escape Thoughts Measure, Katie M. Brown

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure to assess negative attentional bias toward changes in bodily sensations during exercise and to examine the reliability and validity of that measure. A secondary purpose was to develop a measure to assess tendencies toward rumination about the changes in bodily sensations and tendencies to have escape thoughts with regard to the exercise bout. While global measures of anxiety, rumination, and escape thoughts already exist, the advantage of these newly developed measures is that they are context specific to exercise. Participants in this study consisted of 329 undergraduate students. The …

Gender Differences In Perceived Costs And Benefits Of Workplace Mistreatment, Lindsey Greco

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Workplace mistreatment, in the form of both incivility and aggression, can have a major impact on personal and organizational outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mental judgments that individuals make before engaging in either uncivil or aggressive behavior. Data was analyzed in terms of both the potential costs and the potential benefits that an instigator could expect from engaging in such behavior, with specific emphasis on gender differences in cost/benefit expectations. There were no significant gender differences in either the perceived costs or the perceived benefits of engaging in incivility. The hypothesis that individuals with a …

Development Of A Math Interest Inventory To Identify Gifted Students From Underrepresented And Diverse Populations, Gabrielle M. Snow

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The current investigation supports the objectives of Project GEMS (Roberts, 2008), a grant funded program whose objectives include the development and validation of a protocol to identify students from underrepresented and diverse populations as gifted in the content areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Identification of students from low-income and diverse populations as gifted has been a struggle with current assessment techniques (Baldwin, 2005). Project GEMS aims to address this problem through development of interest measures specific to the STEM areas for use within an identification protocol. The current project developed a measure to assess interest in mathematics. The …

The Effect Of Dopamine Therapy On Ventral And Dorsal Striatum-Mediated Cognition In Parkinson's Disease: Support From Functional Mri., Penny A Macdonald, Alex A Macdonald, Ken N Seergobin, Ruzbeh Tamjeedi, Hooman Ganjavi, Jean-Sebastien Provost, Oury Monchi

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The central aim of our study was to elucidate functions mediated by the ventral and dorsal striatum, respectively, to better understand the cognitive effects of dopamine replacement in Parkinson's disease. We proposed that the ventral striatum underlies general learning of stimulus associations, whereas the dorsal striatum promotes integration of various influences on selecting. In Parkinson's disease, dopamine depletion is substantially less notable in the ventral relative to the dorsal striatum, and therefore greater improvements are expected for dorsal striatum-mediated functions with dopamine replacement. Using a simple selection task, we found that dopamine replacement impaired encoding and facilitation of consistent stimulus-stimulus …

Evil: Genocide In The 21st Century, James L. Pigmon

Master of Liberal Studies Theses

This paper will explore commonalities and processes that led to genocide in the twentieth century. Information from four notable genocides will be used to determine the feasibility of genocide continuing unabated into the twenty first century. Armenian, Holocaust, Cambodian and Rwandan genocides have similar qualities establishing a “recipe” for others to use as a template or as a predictor of the next genocide. This thesis will use psychological theory, case studies and historical data to formulate reasons why individuals can be easily persuaded to take on the role as perpetrator. Has the international community done enough to either prevent or …

Assessing The Accuracy Of Manipulation Checks: Follow-Up., Travis Clark

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study examines the accuracy with which participants complete a typical social psychology post-experimental inquiry following a procedure involving deception. Participants were randomly assigned to be informed or naïve to an ostensible purpose and were randomly assigned to be offered or not offered a reward for revealing awareness of the ostensible purpose and admission of receiving prior information. MANOVA analyses suggest that being informed and being offered a reward increase Awareness. Being offered a Reward actually decreased Admission. The implications of these results for deception research will be discussed.

Pathways To Treatment Retention For Individuals Legally Coerced To Substance Use Treatment: The Interaction Of Hope And Treatment Motivation, Ashley S. Hampton, Bradley T. Conner, Dustin Albert, Douglas Longshore

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Although several states have adopted policies diverting individuals convicted of non-violent drug offenses to substance use treatment, in lieu of incarceration or as a condition of probation, previous research has produced inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of such programs when comparing outcomes for legally coerced individuals to more voluntary entrants. Less studied in these populations is within group variation in treatment expectations and motivation influences, which have been shown to affect retention as well. As motivation has traditionally been viewed as contributing to treatment retention and higher levels of hope (the perception that goals can be met) are viewed as …

Perceptions Of Gender Roles In The Advertising Industry, Cristina Perez Balitaan

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

The advertising industry since its inception has been saturated with male views and opinions, consequently manifesting in the sexual objectification of women. However, with more career opportunities for women in recent years, more women are choosing to engage in non-traditional careers, such as the fields of advertising and marketing. Yet, despite the growing female population within the advertising industry, the content of advertising still continues to be filled with gender stereotypes. To understand how female advertisers negotiate their gender role and their role as a media producer, I surveyed female advertising students of S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications (N=100) …

The Relationship Between Superstitious Behaviors Of Sports Fans, Team Identification, Team Location, And Game Outcome, Shana M. Wilson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study examined how a fan's desire to participate in superstitious behaviors depends on team identification, team location, and game outcome. The study is a 2 (team identification: high vs. low) x 2 (game outcome: close game vs. blowout) x 2 (location of team: local vs. distant) between subjects factorial design. Participants for the current study included 234 students, recruited from undergraduate psychology classes at Western Kentucky University. Participants completed the Sport Spectator Identification Scale, read a randomly assigned vignette differing in team location and game outcome, and filled out the Superstition Questionnaire to measure their desire to complete …

Discrimination Of Arabs And Muslims In Simulated Hiring Decisions The Role Of Multiple Categorization, Perceived Job Fit, And Social Dominance, Lindsay Dhanani

HIM 1990-2015

Discrimination in hiring contexts has received a lot of attention from researchers in Industrial Organizational Psychology. However, discrimination against Arabs and Muslims in hiring contexts has been overlooked in the literature. The current study explores discrimination targeting Arabs and Muslims in the workplace. The theory of multiple categorization (Crisp & Hewstone, 1999) was applied to Arabs and Muslims in order to determine the relative effect of national origin and religious affiliation. Perceived job fit (Heilman, 1983) was also examined using an airport security position and a shipping and receiving clerk position. Participants rated mock resumes on several measures of hireability …

Investigating The Usability Of A Vibrotactile Torso Display For Improving Simulated Teleoperation Obstacle Avoidance, Lindsay Long

All Theses

While unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) teleoperation is advantageous in terms of adaptability and safety, it introduces challenges resulting from the operator's poor perception of the remote environment. Previous literature on the ability of haptic feedback to augment visual displays indicates that UGV obstacle avoidance information may be more meaningfully communicated via vibrotactile torso systems. Presenting this information so that operators can accurately detect the proximity from walls and obstructions could result in a significant reduction in errors, ultimately improving task performance and increasing the usability of teleoperation. The goal of the current study was to determine the degree to which …

The Effects Of Context Dependency In Recognition Memory And Source Memory, Aljeandra Vargas

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Authentic Leadership In Sports Teams, Greg Houchin

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Authentic leadership includes a positive moral perspective characterized by high ethical standards that guide decision making and behavior. The measurement of authentic leadership is aimed at a leader’s ability to be genuine. This study identified and analyzed authentic leaders on sports teams. Group cohesion was also assessed. The purpose was to determine whether authentic leadership would lead to performance when mediated by team cohesion and trust. Survey analyses were used to assess several teams. Results indicated that sports teams may benefit from training in authentic leadership. Authentic leadership predicts higher levels of trust, team cohesion, and group performance.

Factors Contributing To Young Worker Atod Use Both And Off The Job, Sara Michelle Martin

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The present study was designed to evaluate whether workplace factors such as permissive culture or workplace stress are associated with the day-to-day use of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs (ATOD) among young adult workers (N = 187). Previous research has found stronger relationships between ATOD use and workplace factors when ATOD use was measured on and off the job separately. To isolate on the job factors from off the job ATOD use, participants were asked to complete daily diary entries regarding their workday. It was predicted that workers who report stressful workdays and ATOD-tolerant workplace cultures will report more ATOD …

Esophoria And Exophoria In Relation To Personality, Nicole F. Horn

Senior Honors Projects

How Vision Problems Affect Our Lives

Nicole Horn

Faculty Sponsor: Charles Collyer, Psychology

Vision is much more than simply being able to see 20/20. There are a number of different visual problems which can impact how we see and interact with the world around us. One visual skill, which is looked at in this research, is convergence. Convergence is the ability to turn the eyes so that they both focus in on the same object, at the same time, and at the same distance in space.  If the eyes either underconverge or overconverge, this can lead to an altered perception …

In The Ether, Out Of View: Cyberbullying And Suicide Risk, Terri A. Erbacher Phd

PCOM Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Expressive Writing About Workplace Events : Stress, Job Satisfaction And Well-Being, Sheetal R. Gai

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Expressive Writing interventions have been widely used in clinical and medical settings. It has been shown that by exploring thoughts and feelings associated with stressful events can help individuals benefit in terms of reducing stress and improving health and psychological well-being. The present study examines the effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention among expatriates from Asia working in Information Technology industry in United States. A pre-post test design was applied. The study was conducted over 12 weeks, in which participants (N=30) completed pre assessment, and then were randomly assigned to different writing conditions Thoughts and Emotions condition (focused on thinking …

The Effect Of Music On Emotion : The Role Of Personal Preference And Past Experience, Jacy Knaggs

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This thesis project examines the role that personal musical preferences and past musical experiences play in the effect that listening to music has on emotion. It was predicted that listening to a favored piece of music would increase positive affect, that this effect would be intensified for those with a history of musical training, and that musical selections would be varied and be related to past experiences. 36 undergraduate students at Montclair State University participated in the study. 17 participants in the control group sat in a quiet and comfortable room for 5-7 minutes. In the music condition, 19 participants …

Evaluating The Benefits Of Expressive Writing Interventions On Workplace Variables : Job Satisfaction, Stress, And Perceived Well-Being, Amparo Sadovnik

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The following thesis project outlines the possible benefits of the use of different types of writing interventions on workplace variables. The objective of this research project was to find supporting evidence to the idea that writing interventions such as traditional multisession writing activities, and one-time expressive letter writing, can help individuals enhance their perceived well-being, decrease their perceived levels of stress, and improve their job satisfaction. Sixty three participants from an undergraduate student population at a local state university, including 55 females and with an average age of 23 years, were asked to either write three consecutive times about a …

Cultivation Of Mindfulness And Acceptance Processes In Act And Cbt: A Randomized Clinical Trial In A Pure Self Help Context, Andrew N. Orayfig

Psychology

There is a paucity of research on self-help approaches within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT); specifically there is a need for more randomized controlled trials to elucidate the effectiveness of ACT-based biblio-therapy relative to more traditional cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The aim of the present research, therefore, is two-fold: (a) to provide a preliminary comparison of ACT and CBT for anxiety in a self-help context and (b) to examine how the two treatments impact ACT-relevant processes in an international community sample (N=200) of persons reporting difficulties with anxiety and fear. Participants were randomized to receive either an ACT or CBT …

Conflict And Satisfaction In Romantic Relationships, Meghan Moland

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Past research regarding the link between conflict resolution styles and marital satisfaction have been consistent; each partner's level of relationship satisfaction is positively related to the frequency with which both partners use constructive strategies to resolve conflict (such as agreement, compromise, and humor) and negatively related to the frequency with which each partner uses destructive strategies to resolve conflict (such as conflict engagement, withdrawal, and defensiveness) (Kurdek, 1995). The purpose of this research was to examine the links between conflict and satisfaction in romantic relationships that are one or more years in duration. Six self-report indices (the Relationship Assessment Scale …

What Attracts Older Nurses To Organizations? Psychological Moderators Of The Impact Of Flexible Scheduling And Mentoring Opportunities, Sarah Dubose

All Theses

The current study investigated two psychological moderators (generativity and occupational stress) of the impact of flexible scheduling and mentoring opportunities on the attraction and application intentions of older nurses of bridge employment age. Of the 600 registered nurses who were contacted via postal mail, 101 responded. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in which a hypothetical job advertisement was manipulated with varying levels each of flexible scheduling (input vs no input into the schedule) and mentoring opportunities (formal, informal, and none). Input was found to have a main effect on organizational attraction, but main effects were not …

College Student Mental Health: The Relationship Between Depression And Emotional Intelligence Using The Student Relationships Assessment, Andre George Broquard

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose for conducting this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional relational intelligence (ERQ) and depression in college students. The significance of this study is based on the additional support that can be provided to students with increased information and understanding of emotional relational intelligence and depression. In an effort to help college students achieve their educational goals and aspirations, the researcher suggests that emotional relational intelligence can be beneficial. The relationship between depression and emotional relational intelligence may provide insight on how to support and care for college students who are struggling with depressive symptomology. The results …

Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures, Cigdem Sirin

Departmental Papers (PS)

This study argues that environmental scarcity is more likely to result in civil conflict in countries that experience ‘ethnic’ population pressures (i.e. where the size of the largest minority group is close to parity with the majority group). I refer to this argument as the ‘parity-threat’ approach to the study of scarcity-induced domestic conflict. I empirically test my argument by analysing time-series cross-section data for the period 1979–2000 using four alternative environmental indicators: (1) ecological footprint, (2) biocapacity, (3) scarcity of ecological reserves and (4) water scarcity. The results demonstrate that environmental scarcity increases the probability of civil conflict when …

Love: A Biological, Psychological And Philosophical Study, Heather M. Chapman

Senior Honors Projects

The concept of love has been an eternally elusive subject. It is a definition and meaning that philosophers, psychologists, and biologists have been seeking since the beginning of time. Wars have been waged and fought over it, while friendships have been initiated and have ended because of this idea. But what exactly is love, and why is it important to define this enigma?

In order to help define this idea of love, several books and numerous research articles were consulted, and interviews were conducted with faculty of The University of Rhode Island. Dr. Nasser Zawia was interviewed, in order to …

Is Creativity Related To Physical Health? The Relationships Between Creativity, Flow, Self-Esteem, Physical Activity And Health-Related Quality Of Life, Molly Siwula

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

The relationship between creativity and overall health has not been widely examined, as researchers have previously focused mainly on the association between creativity and mental illness. Certain aspects of the creative personality (i.e. high physical energy, intelligence, passion, and self-discipline) may predict engagement in healthy behaviors. Creativity has been shown to positively relate to self-esteem, which also has been linked to general health. In addition, both athletes and creative individuals tend to experience flow. This study examined self-esteem and flow as possible mechanisms to partially account for the relationship between creativity and general health. Community participants (N = 83) …

Investigating How Resource And Situation Type Influence The Sunk-Cost Fallacy, Jenae A. Richardson

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Abstract Not Included

Assessment Of Suny Upstate Medical University’S Child Telepsychiatry Consultation Program, Mary E. Lau

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Objectives: The project assesses the child telepsychiatry services provided by SUNY Upstate psychiatrists to several county mental health clinics in central New York State. Method: Data for forty-five patients was extracted from pre-consultation forms completed by the referring clinic and post-consultation summaries completed by the Upstate psychiatrists that occurred between July 13^th, 2009 and May 12^th, 2010. The study identified characteristics of patients for whom telepsychiatry consultations were sought, reviewed recommendations provided by the telepsychiatry consultant, and noted recommended changes in therapy and medication. Results: Analysis of the data showed that there was a large variation …

The Relationship Between Psychometrically-Defined Social Anxiety And Working Memory Performance, Timothy L. Paskowski

HIM 1990-2015

Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed class of mental illness in the United States, and often involve abnormally high levels of stress and social fear. Despite high lifetime prevalence rates, social anxiety disorder (SAD) has remarkably low diagnosis and treatment rates. Furthermore, while individuals with other specific psychiatric disorders tend to exhibit significant neuropsychological deficits, neuropsychological functioning in individuals with SAD remains largely untested. A majority of the few existing studies concerning neuropsychological performance in SAD samples focus on specific functions, and their limited results are highly mixed. The primary objective of this investigation was to provide a …