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2010

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Articles 601 - 630 of 1689

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Examining Perceived Subordinate Support, Timothy Paul Clayton Jr. May 2010

Examining Perceived Subordinate Support, Timothy Paul Clayton Jr.

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Support relationships within organizations have been the subject of numerous empirical studies. Much of this research has focused on the influence of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support and their effects on subordinates. To date, however, no research has focused on how supervisors are influenced by their beliefs about support from their subordinates. I define perceived subordinate support (PSubS) as the extent to which a supervisor feels subordinates are concerned with the supervisor's well-being and value the supervisor as a leader. Previous research suggests that subordinates’ opinions and behaviors do influence supervisor behavior. In the present study, a measure …


A Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Pilot Training Program In An Organizational Setting: An Intervention For Work Engagement, John Joseph Kmiec Jr. May 2010

A Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Pilot Training Program In An Organizational Setting: An Intervention For Work Engagement, John Joseph Kmiec Jr.

Dissertations

This study measured the effects of a learning intervention designed to enhance the capabilities of immediate managers to increase the level of work engagement in line employees at a small manufacturing firm in south Mississippi. The study answered the call of researchers to investigate the impact of innovative management practices on work engagement (Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008). The firm’s Production business unit managers participated in a 90-day learning program based on five skills outlined by Flagello and Dugas (2009); the Maintenance business unit managers did not participate in the learning. At three intervals during the intervention, the researcher …


Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (Pbss) Across Racial Groups, Sasha Joy Lambert May 2010

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (Pbss) Across Racial Groups, Sasha Joy Lambert

Dissertations

Alcohol consumption among college students, and the negative alcohol-related consequences that accompany that consumption, have been consistent concerns for colleges and the general public for several decades. Protective behavioral strategies are emerging in the literature as a potentially effective means of reducing harm to students; however, psychometrically sound measures for protective behavioral strategies are only in a development stage at this point. One such measure, the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS), showed particular promise in this area, but previous research suffered from sample limitations, particularly very low sampling of students of color. In the current study, additional items were added …


The Male Gender Role And Depression, Tom Liljegren May 2010

The Male Gender Role And Depression, Tom Liljegren

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Although depression is a common mental health disorder, less research has been devoted to men's experience with depression compared to women's experiences. Although men may exhibit similar patterns of depression as women, men often have unique pattern of exhibiting depression characterized by substance abuse, irritability, aggression, and interpersonal conflict. The paper presents a review of the relevant literature on male depression and, in particular, how it is potentially affected by male gender role factors. Biological, psychological, social, and artifact theories have been proposed to explain gender differences in how depression is expressed. It is hypothesized that the male gender role …


Altering Positive/Negative Interaction Ratios In Relationships Of Mothers And Young Children: A Preliminary Investigation, Andrew B. Armstrong May 2010

Altering Positive/Negative Interaction Ratios In Relationships Of Mothers And Young Children: A Preliminary Investigation, Andrew B. Armstrong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Based on classic marital research of John Gottman, a popular notion exists that interpersonal relationships thrive when the number of positive interactions outweighs negative interactions by a ratio of five to one. Though many have given similar advice for parents and caregivers, Gottman's findings and methodology may not generalize to relationships of parents and young children. Were similar ratio findings to be validated for parent-child relationships, explicit ratio advice may be incorporated as a component of clinical practice (e.g., behavioral parent training). To begin investigating potential clinical implications, a project was conducted that examined mothers' ability to achieve prescribed ratios …


Taiwanese Adolescent Psychosocial Development In Urban And Rural Areas, Chien-Ti Lee May 2010

Taiwanese Adolescent Psychosocial Development In Urban And Rural Areas, Chien-Ti Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate Taiwanese adolescent psychosocial development (i.e., autonomy and identity development) based on psychosocial theoretical models developed in western societies. Data were collected from both public senior high and vocational high schools in both urban and rural areas in Taiwan. Adolescent participants, with an average age of 17 years old, included 447 (about 54% were females) from urban areas, and 702 (62% were females) from rural areas. The results of this study revealed that Taiwanese adolescents from both urban and rural areas were similar to adolescent developmental ranges suggested in western theories. There were …


The Ability Of The Coping Competence Questionnaire To Predict Resilience Against Learned Helplessness Among Undergraduate College Students: An Experimental Study, Cindy L. Ollis May 2010

The Ability Of The Coping Competence Questionnaire To Predict Resilience Against Learned Helplessness Among Undergraduate College Students: An Experimental Study, Cindy L. Ollis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Coping Competence Questionnaire (CCQ), based on the reformulated learned helplessness theory, was designed to assess a general stress resistance versus a propensity towards learned helplessness with a brief, 12-item self-report questionnaire. In this study the CCQ was administered to 247 undergraduate students, who were then paired, in groups of around 24 at a time, and then randomly assigned to either success or failure conditions on the computer game TetraVex. Mood was pretested using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) depression subscale; the experimental condition, success or failure at TetraVex was conducted; then outcome measures including 20 five letter anagrams …


Nga Whaiora Tikanga Roanga: Māori Views Of Health In Utah, Sydney H. Davies May 2010

Nga Whaiora Tikanga Roanga: Māori Views Of Health In Utah, Sydney H. Davies

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study looked at the health beliefs of Māori who live in Utah, U.S. and examined what ways those beliefs have evolved from traditional Māori health beliefs. It also looked at the conditions and indicators of those conditions that maintain those health beliefs. A New Zealand study found that Māori older than age 45 years were more likely to have traditional health beliefs, whereas Māori younger than age 45 were more likely to have western-based health beliefs. Using grounded theory, the narratives—from two groups, younger or older than 45 years, where each group was composed of eight randomly selected participants—were …


Language Brokering In Latino Families: Direct Observations Of Brokering Patterns, Parent-Child Interactions, And Relationship Quality, Kee J. E. Straits May 2010

Language Brokering In Latino Families: Direct Observations Of Brokering Patterns, Parent-Child Interactions, And Relationship Quality, Kee J. E. Straits

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With the growing percentage of immigrant families in the USA, language transition is a common immigrant experience and can occur rapidly from generation to generation within a family. Child language brokering appears to occur within minority language families as one way of negotiating language and cultural differences; however, the phenomenon of children translating or mediating language interactions for parents has previously been hypothesized to contribute to negative outcomes for children, such as role-reversals and parentification, emotional distancing and lack of communication, increased parent-child conflict, and increased internalizing/externalizing disorders. The current study used direct observations of 60 Spanish-speaking parent-child dyads (30 …


Latter-Day Saint Religiosity And Attitudes Towards Sexual Minorities, Cory John Myler May 2010

Latter-Day Saint Religiosity And Attitudes Towards Sexual Minorities, Cory John Myler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Existing research has revealed a robust relationship between high religiosity and negative attitudes towards sexual minorities. To date, however, there have been few studies investigating this relationship within the membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS Church). The unique history, doctrine, and organization of this religion, along with its large size, rapid growth, and sizable influence, indicate that a study of homophobia among church members will provide additional information about the relationship between religiosity and negative attitudes. These data will shed additional light on the make-up and nature of homophobia, offer insight into the relationship …


The Effects Of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia On Social Competence: An Investigation Into The First Three Months Of Treatment, Rachel L. Duchoslav May 2010

The Effects Of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia On Social Competence: An Investigation Into The First Three Months Of Treatment, Rachel L. Duchoslav

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease for children under 15 years of age. Despite a growing survival rate for childhood cancer, psychological research of this population has lagged behind medical advances in treatment. The research that does exist in the psycho-oncology literature is plagued with inconsistency in conclusions and methodological limitations. Focus has been given to measuring maladaptive symptoms with few firm conclusions. Conclusions in the area of social competence of children with cancer have been considerably more reliable than in other domains. Previous research suggests that children with cancer exhibit significant difficulties in the areas …


Patterns Of Attachment And Factors From The Neo Pi-R As Predictors Of Deviant Sexuality, Michelle L. Varon May 2010

Patterns Of Attachment And Factors From The Neo Pi-R As Predictors Of Deviant Sexuality, Michelle L. Varon

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Research has shown that both personality factors from the Big 5 personality model and underlying attachment dimensions are related to deviant sexuality. Over 500 primarily Hispanic undergraduate college students completed the NEO PI-R, The relationship scales questionnaire, and a deviant sexuality measure, which was a composite of attitudes, intentions and behaviors. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that conscientiousness and agreeableness, combined with the underlying attachment dimensions of avoidance and anxiety, are useful in predicting deviant sexuality.


Predictors Of Pap Smear Utilization Among Female Mexican American College Students, Sylvia M. Morales May 2010

Predictors Of Pap Smear Utilization Among Female Mexican American College Students, Sylvia M. Morales

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The Pap smear is a diagnostic screening test that detects abnormal cell growth, which may lead to cervical cancer. Pap smears are performed at a consistently lower frequency among Hispanic than non-Hispanic American White women, potentially contributing to a 70% higher rate of cervical cancer in Hispanic Americans. This study examined possible predictors of Pap smear utilization among 165 Mexican American female college students aged 18 to 30 attending the University of Texas-Pan American situated near Texas’s United States – Mexico border. Significant predictors were: recommendation by a health care professional; sexual activity; mother’s educational level; and external locus of …


Emotion Understanding And Social Competence In Balanced Bilinguals And Language-Dominant Children, Katrina Meza May 2010

Emotion Understanding And Social Competence In Balanced Bilinguals And Language-Dominant Children, Katrina Meza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The present study investigated the development of emotion understanding and social competence among 106 culturally and linguistically diverse children (50 girls and 56 boys). It investigated if there were differences in the development of emotion understanding and social competence between balanced bilinguals and language-dominant children. Balanced bilinguals outperformed language-dominant children on two advanced tasks of emotion understanding, in which they evidenced an increased understanding that emotions can be based on desires and that emotions can be hidden. Balanced bilinguals and language-dominant children follow a similar developmental trajectory on emotion understanding. There were no significant differences between language groups in social …


Sibling Stress In Families Of Children With Autism, Valerie N. Moreno May 2010

Sibling Stress In Families Of Children With Autism, Valerie N. Moreno

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have an increased chance of experiencing more stress than siblings of typically developing children. Stress experienced by siblings of children with an ASD may be dependent on the adaptive and maladaptive behavior of the child with autism. A total of 30 mothers were recruited in this study. Results indicated that the difference in stress levels in siblings of children with an ASD and siblings of typically developing children were not statistically significant. It was also found that the stress levels in siblings of children with an ASD were not dependent …


Parenting Stress On Mothers Of Children With Autism, Janett Cantu May 2010

Parenting Stress On Mothers Of Children With Autism, Janett Cantu

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Recent research has underscored that having a child with autism can be particularly stressful for parents. The purpose of the current study was to identify sources stress in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with mothers of typically developing children (TDC). A total of 33 mothers were recruited in this study; 18 mothers had at least one child with ASD and 15 mothers had at least one typically developing child. The results showed higher levels of stress in the ASD group compared to the TDC group. The main source of stress for the mothers in both …


Does Tactile Stimulation Attenuate The Adverse Effects Of Maternal Separations In Rats?, Nancy I. Salinas May 2010

Does Tactile Stimulation Attenuate The Adverse Effects Of Maternal Separations In Rats?, Nancy I. Salinas

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Handling has been used as a stressor and a stress-protector in research on development in rats. Tactile stimulation (TS), on the other hand, has consistently been shown to favorably affect the performance and exploratory behaviors of stressed rats in novel environments and this effect is usually interpreted as evidence of attenuating the developmentally-related emotional consequences of stress. In the present study, the effects of TS during maternal separation (MS) were explored during a critical period of development in rats. An open-field task to measure exploratory behavior was used as a dependent measure of anxiety at a pre-pubertal period. It was …


The Development Of The Basal Ganglia In Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella), Kimberley A. Phillips, C. A. Sobieski, V. R. Gilbert, C. Chiappini-Williamson, Chet C. Sherwood, P. L. Strick May 2010

The Development Of The Basal Ganglia In Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella), Kimberley A. Phillips, C. A. Sobieski, V. R. Gilbert, C. Chiappini-Williamson, Chet C. Sherwood, P. L. Strick

Psychology Faculty Research

The basal ganglia are subcortical structures involved in the planning, initiation and regulation of movement as well as a variety of non-motor, cognitive and affective functions. Capuchin monkeys share several important characteristics of development with humans, including a prolonged infancy and juvenile period, a long lifespan, and complex manipulative abilities. This makes capuchins important comparative models for understanding age-related neuroanatomical changes in these structures. Here we report developmental volumetric data on the three subdivisions of the basal ganglia, the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Based on a cross-sectional sample, we describe brain …


Self-Construal And Insight Problem Solving, Junaid Salim Merrchant May 2010

Self-Construal And Insight Problem Solving, Junaid Salim Merrchant

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Self-construal research has shown that the way people view themselves impacts a variety of cognitive processes. Research has focused on two levels of self-construal: the interdependent self-construal, or when the self is represented in relation to others, and the independent self­ construal, or when the self is represented independently of others. Findings from the self­ construal and cognition research suggest that the interdependent self is associated with diffuse attention, while findings from the self-construal and creativity research indicate that the independent self is associated with divergent thinking important for creativity. The present study examined the effect of self-construal priming in …


The Effects Of Two Different Post-Exercise Stretching Modalities On Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness In Adults, Ryan P. Mcgrath May 2010

The Effects Of Two Different Post-Exercise Stretching Modalities On Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness In Adults, Ryan P. Mcgrath

Theses and Dissertations

Until recently, research suggested that post-exercise stretching may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in those who exercise; however, newer research indicates that stretching has no effect on DOMS. However, it appears that the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on preventing DOMS has not been adequately studied. The primary purpose of the study was to research the effect of PNF stretching on DOMS. The secondary purpose was to evaluate if one’s level of flexibility had a correlation with high levels of DOMS. The study was a posttest-only control group design. Participants were randomly assigned into a stretching group …


Prison Reformation: A Five- Step Plan And Evidence Of Community Support, Nicole Borger May 2010

Prison Reformation: A Five- Step Plan And Evidence Of Community Support, Nicole Borger

Honors College Theses

The federal prison model is one that provides better service than state prisons for offenders both during and after their incarceration. I would like to lay out a plan for the New York State prison system that amplifies the federal prison system’s small scale ideas into ones that can reach thousands of offenders as well as prove, through a research study I, along with two colleagues Colleen Kelley and Adisa Alghali, conducted called “Effect of Information Regarding Mentally Ill Offenders on Community Perception of Sentencing,” that community support can be garnered for such a plan. This five-part plan includes the …


Using The Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm To Teach Coin Discrimination To Visually Impaired Children, Nicole Hanney May 2010

Using The Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm To Teach Coin Discrimination To Visually Impaired Children, Nicole Hanney

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Perceived Organizational Support As A Predictor Of Stigma And Treatment Seeking For Psychological Problems, Christie Kelley May 2010

Perceived Organizational Support As A Predictor Of Stigma And Treatment Seeking For Psychological Problems, Christie Kelley

All Theses

Research has shown that the stigma of psychological problems is related to decreased treatment seeking for psychological problems. Utilizing a longitudinal design and a military sample, this study found contrary results, instead supporting the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptomology and treatment seeking. A relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS), or how much organizations value the contributions and well-being of their employees (Eisenberger et al., 1986), and PTSD Symptomology also emerged. POS was negatively related to stigma, and stigma partially mediated the relationship between POS and PTSD Symptomology. Contrary to hypotheses, stigma did not mediate the relationship between …


Desired Characteristics Of 'Smart' Nightstands For Higher And Lower Functioning Older Adults, Linnea Smolentzov May 2010

Desired Characteristics Of 'Smart' Nightstands For Higher And Lower Functioning Older Adults, Linnea Smolentzov

All Theses

The current study examined the desired characteristics of a 'smart' nightstand for higher and lower functioning older adults. Incorporating 'smart' technology into the housing environment of older adults has been identified as a key way to help aging-in-place. Yet, little has been done to examine what older adults want and need in such 'smart' technology. Twelve lower functioning and twenty higher functioning older adults were surveyed concerning their likes and needs on items and functions on a 'smart' nightstand. The concepts for a 'smart' nightstand were demonstrated with cardboard prototypes with which the participants could interact. Results showed that overall, …


The Effect Of Interface Consistency And Cognitive Load On User Performance In An Information Search Task, Jeremy Mendel May 2010

The Effect Of Interface Consistency And Cognitive Load On User Performance In An Information Search Task, Jeremy Mendel

All Theses

Although interface consistency is theorized to increase performance and user satisfaction, previous research has found mixed and often non-significant results. The source of this discrepancy may be due to varying levels of task difficulty employed in these past studies. This study attempted to control the task difficulty using cognitive load theory. Interface consistency was manipulated along with intrinsic cognitive load and extraneous cognitive load. Interface consistency was manipulated along three dimensions: physical, communicational and conceptual. Intrinsic cognitive load was manipulated by asking participants finance (high load) questions and travel (low load) questions. Unnecessary and irrelevant extra hyperlinks were used to …


Acculturation, Alienation, And Hiv Risk Among The Russian-Speaking Drug Users In Estonia, Anna Skosireva May 2010

Acculturation, Alienation, And Hiv Risk Among The Russian-Speaking Drug Users In Estonia, Anna Skosireva

All Dissertations

In 1991, dramatic socio-political changes transformed the Russian-speaking population in Estonia from the governing class to an immigrant minority virtually overnight absent of a relocation or emigration process. New citizenship and language policies, and associated socioeconomic hardships, drove many of the Russian-speaking population to the edges of the society. These processes were amplified by traditional acculturation challenges that led to increased psychological distress, rising indicators of social exclusion and social alienation, and poor health, including HIV/AIDS and substance abuse, in this linguistic group during the past two decades. Given the growing relevance of cultural issues in this group as well …


Spatial Perception And Robot Operation: The Relationship Between Visual Spatial Ability And Performance Under Direct Line Of Sight And Teleoperation, Joshua Gomer May 2010

Spatial Perception And Robot Operation: The Relationship Between Visual Spatial Ability And Performance Under Direct Line Of Sight And Teleoperation, Joshua Gomer

All Dissertations

This dissertation investigated the relationship between the spatial perception abilities of operators and robot operation under direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation viewing conditions. This study was an effort to determine if spatial ability testing may be a useful tool in the selection of human-robot interaction (HRI) operators. Participants completed eight cognitive ability measures and operated one of four types of robots under tasks of low and high difficulty. Performance for each participant was tested during both direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation. These results provide additional evidence that spatial perception abilities are reliable predictors of direct-line-of-sight and teleoperation performance. Participants in this study with higher …


Compassion-Focused Reappraisal, Benefit-Focused Reappraisal, And Rumination After An Interpersonal Offense: Emotion-Regulation Implications For Subjective Emotion, Linguistic Responses, And Physiology, Charlotte Witvliet, Ross W. Knoll, Nova G. Hinman, Paul Deyoung May 2010

Compassion-Focused Reappraisal, Benefit-Focused Reappraisal, And Rumination After An Interpersonal Offense: Emotion-Regulation Implications For Subjective Emotion, Linguistic Responses, And Physiology, Charlotte Witvliet, Ross W. Knoll, Nova G. Hinman, Paul Deyoung

Faculty Scholarship

This repeated measures psychophysiology experiment studied three responses to a past interpersonal offense (38 females and 33 males). We compared rumination with two offense reappraisal strategies. Compassion-focused reappraisal emphasized the offender's humanity, and interpreted the transgression as evidence of the offender's need for positive transformation. Benefit-focused reappraisal emphasized insights gained or strengths shown in facing the offense. Supporting the manipulations, compassion-focused reappraisal stimulated the most empathy and forgiveness, whereas benefit-focused reappraisal prompted the most benefit language and gratitude. Both reappraisals decreased aroused, negative emotion, and related facial muscle tension at the brow (corrugator). Both reappraisals increased happiness and positive emotion …


The Postsecret Phenomenon: A Contemporary Application Of Existential Psychotherapy, Dan Martin May 2010

The Postsecret Phenomenon: A Contemporary Application Of Existential Psychotherapy, Dan Martin

Senior Honors Projects

In November 2004, as a whimsical break from his monotonous job, Frank Warren decided he would start a small art project in his community. This idea, which he entitled “PostSecret,” involved leaving blank post cards in various public locations that simply asked to “Share a Secret” and listed a few guidelines. Frank’s goal was to “create this non-judgmental, safe place where people could feel comfortable sharing parts of their lives that they've never told a soul.” What he expected to be a small result became a weekly blog, five published books, a traveling art gallery, and a lecture series given …


Characteristics Of Adolescent Females Sexually Exploited Through Prostitution, Alanna Robinson May 2010

Characteristics Of Adolescent Females Sexually Exploited Through Prostitution, Alanna Robinson

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Adolescent females are becoming the fastest growing population amongst juveniles being held in detention and referred to juvenile courts. Unfortunately such increases are linked to a lack of alternative services available for youths during the adjudication process. Upon being arrested, delinquent girls are suffering from a host of health, emotional and social issues for which there is also a lack of programming and detailed research. However, emerging evidence indicates that female delinquency is characterized by a multitude of overlapping problems that distinguish them from male delinquents. Issues include poor mental health, history of child abuse, substance abuse among parents and …