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2010

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Articles 181 - 210 of 1689

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

A Roadmap Of The Male Brain [Book Review], Lay See Ong Lay See Oct 2010

A Roadmap Of The Male Brain [Book Review], Lay See Ong Lay See

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Simulation-Based Team Training At The Sharp End: A Qualitative Study Of Simulation-Based Team Training Design, Implementation, And Evaluation In Healthcare, Sallie J. Weaver, Eduardo Salas, Rebecca Lyons, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Michael A. Rosen, Deborah Diazgranados, Julia G. Grim, Jeffrey S. Augenstein, David J. Birnbach, Heidi King Oct 2010

Simulation-Based Team Training At The Sharp End: A Qualitative Study Of Simulation-Based Team Training Design, Implementation, And Evaluation In Healthcare, Sallie J. Weaver, Eduardo Salas, Rebecca Lyons, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Michael A. Rosen, Deborah Diazgranados, Julia G. Grim, Jeffrey S. Augenstein, David J. Birnbach, Heidi King

Publications

This article provides a qualitative review of the published literature dealing with the design, implementation, and evaluation of simulation-based team training (SBTT) in healthcare with the purpose of providing synthesis of the present state of the science to guide practice and future research. A systematic literature review was conducted and produced 27 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. These articles were coded using a low-inference content analysis coding scheme designed to extract important information about the training program. Results are summarized in 10 themes describing important considerations for what occurs before, during, and after a training event. Both across disciplines and …

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Impact Of Parenting Factors And Personal Ego Development On Risk For Eating Disorders Among College Women, Valerie J. Lucas Oct 2010

Impact Of Parenting Factors And Personal Ego Development On Risk For Eating Disorders Among College Women, Valerie J. Lucas

Dissertations (1934 -)

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of parental factors and individual ego development in identifying an at-risk profile for eating disordered behavior among female emerging adults. Specifically, this study was designed to test the hypotheses that parent eating attitudes and behavior and parenting style are correlated phenomena associated with a self-reported proclivity for eating disordered behavior among female offspring with individual ego development level as either a protective or exacerbating factor. Previous research with parental factors and eating disorders does not address a comprehensive model that utilizes the multiple parental variables of parent eating attitudes and …

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Tools For Evaluating Team Performance In Simulation-Based Training, Michael A. Rosen, Sallie J. Weaver, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Eduardo Salas, Teresa Wu, Salvatore Silvestri, Nicola Schiebel, Sandra Almeida, Heidi B. King Oct 2010

Tools For Evaluating Team Performance In Simulation-Based Training, Michael A. Rosen, Sallie J. Weaver, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Eduardo Salas, Teresa Wu, Salvatore Silvestri, Nicola Schiebel, Sandra Almeida, Heidi B. King

Publications

Teamwork training constitutes one of the core approaches for moving healthcare systems toward increased levels of quality and safety, and simulation provides a powerful method of delivering this training, especially for face-paced and dynamic specialty areas such as Emergency Medicine. Team performance measurement and evaluation plays an integral role in ensuring that simulation-based training for teams (SBTT) is systematic and effective. However, this component of SBTT systems is overlooked frequently. This article addresses this gap by providing a review and practical introduction to the process of developing and implementing evaluation systems in SBTT. First, an overview of team performance evaluation …

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Exploring The Role Of Attachment Style In The Relation Between Family Aggression And Abuse In Adolescent Dating Relationships, John H. Grych, Kristen M. Kinsfogel Oct 2010

Exploring The Role Of Attachment Style In The Relation Between Family Aggression And Abuse In Adolescent Dating Relationships, John H. Grych, Kristen M. Kinsfogel

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This study investigated romantic attachment style as a potential moderator of the link between family aggression and dating aggression, and examined its relations with documented mediators of the impact of interparental conflict on dating behavior: attitudes about the justifiability of aggression and anger regulation. Participants were 391 ethnically diverse 14-to 18-year-olds (52% female). Attachment style was a significant moderator for boys and girls, but the pattern of results differed by gender. In general, attachment anxiety was a more consistent predictor than avoidance of boys’ dating aggression, cognitions, and emotions, whereas anxiety and avoidance both acted as significant moderators for girls. …

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A Daily Diary Investigation Of Latino Ethnic Identity, Discrimination, And Depression, Lucas Torres, Anthony D. Ong Oct 2010

A Daily Diary Investigation Of Latino Ethnic Identity, Discrimination, And Depression, Lucas Torres, Anthony D. Ong

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The objectives of the current study were to document the effects of discrimination on Latino mental health and to identify the circumstances by which ethnic identity serves a protective function. Instances of discrimination and depressive symptoms were measured every day for 13 days in a sample of Latino adults (N = 91). Multilevel random coefficient modeling showed a 1-day lagged effect in which increases in depression were observed the day following a discriminatory event. The findings also revealed differential effects of ethnic identity exploration and commitment. Whereas ethnic identity exploration was found to exacerbate the influence of daily discrimination …

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Impulsivity, Impulsive And Reflective Processes And The Development Of Alcohol Use And Misuse In Adolescents And Young Adults, Reinout W. Wiers, Susan L. Ames, Wilhelm Hofmann, Marvin Krank, Alan W. Stacy Sep 2010

Impulsivity, Impulsive And Reflective Processes And The Development Of Alcohol Use And Misuse In Adolescents And Young Adults, Reinout W. Wiers, Susan L. Ames, Wilhelm Hofmann, Marvin Krank, Alan W. Stacy

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This paper contrasts dual-process and personality approaches in the prediction of addictive behaviors and related risk behaviors. In dual-process models, behavior is described as the joint outcome of qualitatively different “impulsive” (or associative) and “reflective” processes. There are important individual differences regarding both types of processes, and the relative strength of both in a specific situation is influenced by prior behavior and state variables (e.g., fatigue, alcohol use). From this perspective, a specific behavior (e.g., alcohol misuse) can be predicted by the combined indices of the behavior-related impulsive processes (e.g., associations with alcohol), and reflective processes, including the ability to …

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Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the nature of truth and false confessions in the context of confession and interrogation.

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Prenatal Undernutrition And Cognitive Function In Late Adulthood, Susanne R. De Rooij, Hans Wouters, Julie E. Yonker, Rebecca C. Painter Sep 2010

Prenatal Undernutrition And Cognitive Function In Late Adulthood, Susanne R. De Rooij, Hans Wouters, Julie E. Yonker, Rebecca C. Painter

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

At the end of World War II, a severe 5-mo famine struck the cities in the western part of The Netherlands. At its peak, the rations dropped to as low as 400 calories per day. In 1972, cognitive performance in 19-y-old male conscripts was reported not to have been affected by exposure to the famine before birth. In the present study, we show that cognitive function in later life does seem affected by prenatal undernutrition. We found that at age 56 to 59, men and women exposed to famine during the early stage of gestation performed worse on a selective …

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Relational Humility, Don Davis Sep 2010

Relational Humility, Don Davis

Theses and Dissertations

The study of humility has progressed slowly due to lack of theory and measurement issues. In the present dissertation, I review the literature on humility and propose a theory of relational humility. The model conceptualizes humility as a personality judgment, aligning its study with a large literature that spans social and personality psychology. Then, in four studies, I examined initial evidence for the theoretical model. In Study 1 (N=300), I created the Relational Humility Scale (RHS) and evaluated its items using exploratory factor analysis. The RHS was found to have 3 subscales: Global Humility, Superiority, and Accurate View of Self. …

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The Common Factors, Empirically Validated Treatments, And Recovery Models Of Therapeutic Change, Andrew D. Reisner Sep 2010

The Common Factors, Empirically Validated Treatments, And Recovery Models Of Therapeutic Change, Andrew D. Reisner

The Psychological Record

I review the Common Factors Model, the Empirically Validated Therapy Model, and the Recovery Model of therapeutic change and effectiveness. In general, psychotherapy appears to be effective and common factors account for more of the variance than do specific techniques. However, in some areas, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders, behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapies may be more effective than other treatments. The Recovery Model is an overarching model of change which can incorporate empirically validated therapies and which makes use of common factors. This model is consistent with empirically supported concepts concerning improvement of mental health but needs …

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The Lost Millennium: Psychology During The Middle Ages, Tracy B. Henley, B Michael Thorne Sep 2010

The Lost Millennium: Psychology During The Middle Ages, Tracy B. Henley, B Michael Thorne

The Psychological Record

The medieval period-roughly the 1,000 years from the classical Greco-Roman age to the Renaissance and modern erahas long been neglected in the history of psychology. Various reasons have been offered for why this period is treated so lightly, for example, that it was a Dark Age, or that it was dominated by antiintellectual Christian thought. This essay challenges such reason ing and, in conjunction with critiquing these obstacles to inquiry, provides a cursory sketch of some of the more interesting figures of this millennium to stimulate psychologists to reconsider this era.

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College Student Generational Status: Similarities, Differences, And Factors In College Adjustment, James B. Hertel Sep 2010

College Student Generational Status: Similarities, Differences, And Factors In College Adjustment, James B. Hertel

The Psychological Record

This study explored similarities and differences between 130 first-year college students classified as first or second generation. Multiple regression analyses and between-group t tests were performed to analyze the data. The study found that firstgeneration students reported significantly less parental income and social adjustment. On-campus friend support predicted overall adjustment better for second-generation students whereas intellectualism predicted better for first-generation students. Selfesteem and on-campus support consistently predicted adjustment for the entire sample. Implications are suggested.

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Is Analogical Reasoning Just Another Measure Of Executive Functioning?, Lindsey E. Richland, Robert G. Morrison Sep 2010

Is Analogical Reasoning Just Another Measure Of Executive Functioning?, Lindsey E. Richland, Robert G. Morrison

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A commentary on: Deficits in analogical reasoning in adolescents with traumatic brain injury.

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Analyzing Rumors, Gossip, And Urban Legends Through Their Conversational Properties, Bernard Guerin, Yoshihiko Miyazaki Sep 2010

Analyzing Rumors, Gossip, And Urban Legends Through Their Conversational Properties, Bernard Guerin, Yoshihiko Miyazaki

The Psychological Record

A conversational approach is developed to explain the ubiquitous presence of rumors, urban legends, and gossip as arising from their conversational properties rather than from side effects of cognitive processing or "effort after meaning." It is suggested that the primary function of telling rumors, gossip, and urban legends is not to impart information to the listener or alleviate listener anxiety about the topic but to entertain or keep the listener's attention, thereby enhancing social relationships. In this way, the traditional views of such stories are turned on their head, and an implication is that there is no essential feature of …

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Cognitive Empathy And Emotional Empathy In Human Behavior And Evolution, Adam Smith Sep 2010

Cognitive Empathy And Emotional Empathy In Human Behavior And Evolution, Adam Smith

The Psychological Record

This article presents 7 simple models of the relationship between cognitive empathy (mental perspective taking) and emotional empathy (the vicarious sharing of emotion). I consider behavioral outcomes of the models, arguing that, during human evolution, natural selection may have acted on variation in the relationship between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy resulting in two separable, complementary systems. I predict the existence of 4 empathy disorders using a concept of empathic imbalance. I propose hypotheses about the psychology of autism, antisocial personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and Williams syndrome. This approach generates new predictions and integrates some previous theoretical work by …

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How To Save The Binary Class Variable And Predicted Probability Of Group Membership From Logistic Regression Analysis To An Ascii Space-Delimited Data File In Spss 17 For Windows, Fred B. Bryant Sep 2010

How To Save The Binary Class Variable And Predicted Probability Of Group Membership From Logistic Regression Analysis To An Ascii Space-Delimited Data File In Spss 17 For Windows, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This note explains the steps involved and provides the SPSS syntax needed to run two-group logistic regression analysis using SPSS 17 for Windows, and output to an ASCII space-delimited data file the binary class variable and predicted probability of group membership (i.e., “Y-hat”) from an SPSS logistic regression analysis.

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Junk Science, Test Validity, And The Uniform Guidelines For Personnel Selection Procedures: The Case Of Melendez V. Illinois Bell, Fred B. Bryant, Elaine K.B Siegel Sep 2010

Junk Science, Test Validity, And The Uniform Guidelines For Personnel Selection Procedures: The Case Of Melendez V. Illinois Bell, Fred B. Bryant, Elaine K.B Siegel

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper stems from a recent federal court case in which a standardized test of cognitive ability developed by AT&T, the Basic Scholastic Aptitude Test (BSAT), was ruled invalid and discriminatory for use in hiring Latinos. Within the context of the BSAT, we discuss spurious statistical arguments advanced by the defense, exploiting certain language in the current Uniform Guidelines for evaluating the fairness and validity of personnel selection tests. These issues include: (a) how to avoid capitalizing on chance; (b) what constitutes “a measure” of job performance; (c) how to judge the meaningfulness of group differences in performance measures; and …

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Manual Vs. Automated Cta: Psychosocial Adaptation In Young Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Fred B. Bryant, Rachael Millstein Coakley, Grayson Holmbeck, Paul R. Yarnold Sep 2010

Manual Vs. Automated Cta: Psychosocial Adaptation In Young Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Fred B. Bryant, Rachael Millstein Coakley, Grayson Holmbeck, Paul R. Yarnold

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Compared to the manually-derived model, the enumerated CTA model was 20% more parsimonious, 3.6% more accurate and 30% more efficient, and was more consistent with a priori hypotheses.

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Tracing Prospective Profiles Of Juvenile Delinquency And Non-Delinquency: An Optimal Classification Tree Analysis, Fred B. Bryant, Hideo Suzuki, John D. Edwards Sep 2010

Tracing Prospective Profiles Of Juvenile Delinquency And Non-Delinquency: An Optimal Classification Tree Analysis, Fred B. Bryant, Hideo Suzuki, John D. Edwards

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This study explored multiple variables that influence the development of juvenile delinquency. Two datasets of the National Youth Survey, a longitudinal study of delinquency and drug use among youths from 1976 and 1978, were used: 166 predictors were selected from the 1976 dataset, and later self-reported delinquency was selected from the 1978 dataset. Optimal data analysis was then used to construct a hierarchical classification tree model tracing the causal roots of juvenile delinquency and non-delinquency. Five attributes entered the final model and provided 70.37% overall classification accuracy: prior self-reported delinquency, exposure to peer delinquency, exposure to peer alcohol use, attitudes …

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The Loyola Experience (1993-2009): Optimal Data Analysis In The Department Of Psychology, Fred B. Bryant Sep 2010

The Loyola Experience (1993-2009): Optimal Data Analysis In The Department Of Psychology, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article traces the origins and development of the use of optimal data analysis (ODA) within the Department of Psychology at Loyola University Chicago over the past 17 years. An initial set of ODA-based articles by Loyola faculty laid the groundwork for a sustained upsurge in the use of ODA among graduate students which has lasted for more than a decade and a half. These student projects subsequently fueled an increase in ODA-based publications by other Loyola Psychology faculty, who directly supervised the various student projects. Thus, ODA initially trickled down from faculty to students, but later grew up in …

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Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Understanding Freshman Attrition Using Person-Environment Fit Theory, Jennifer Howard Smith, Fred B. Bryant, David Njus, Emil J. Posavac Sep 2010

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Understanding Freshman Attrition Using Person-Environment Fit Theory, Jennifer Howard Smith, Fred B. Bryant, David Njus, Emil J. Posavac

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Person-Environment (PE) fit theory was used to explore the relationship between student involvement and freshman retention. Incoming freshmen (N=382) were followed longitudinally in a twowave panel study, the summer before beginning college, and again during the spring of their freshman year. Involvement levels, a variety of summer and spring preferences (Ps), and spring perceptions (Es) regarding specific aspects of their college environment were assessed. Twelve PE fit indicators were derived and compared with respect to their relationship with student involvement and retention. Results indicated that involvement was linked to some PE fit indicators. Traditional parametric statistical analyses were compared with …

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The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks and the larger psychological narrative and context of the attacks. Stoicism is considered as a viable response.

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Rural Community Characteristics, Economic Hardship, And Peer And Parental Influences In Early Adolescent Alcohol Use, Laura De Haan, Tina Boljevac, Kurt Schaefer Sep 2010

Rural Community Characteristics, Economic Hardship, And Peer And Parental Influences In Early Adolescent Alcohol Use, Laura De Haan, Tina Boljevac, Kurt Schaefer

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The study explores how differences in rural community contexts relate to early adolescent alcohol use. Data were gathered from 1,424 adolescents in the sixth through eighth grades in 22 rural Northern Plains communities, as well as 790 adults, parents, teachers, and community leaders. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that community supportiveness, as perceived by adolescents, but not adults, was associated with less lifetime and past month alcohol use, and for past month use, this relationship was stronger than perceived peer drinking or parental closeness. Perceived peer drinking and parental closeness were not associated with past month use. Adolescents experiencing family economic …

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Psychometric Properties Of The Revissed Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, Mustafa Baloglu, Paul F. Zelhart Sep 2010

Psychometric Properties Of The Revissed Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, Mustafa Baloglu, Paul F. Zelhart

The Psychological Record

An exploratory factor analysis and several confirmatory analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial structure of the Revised Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (RMARS) through the responses of 805 college students. On 559 students’ scores, the instrument’s construct validity was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and was found to be inadequate. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a modification by dropping five items. After the modification, a second CFA showed that the modified model fit the theoretical model well. Cross-validation of the modified model was tested on a different sample of 246 students and was found to be satisfactory. In …

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Geropsychiatric Nursing Staff: The Role Of Empowerment, Geriatric Caregiving Self-Efficacy, And Emotional Labor At Work, Ann Smolen-Hetzel Sep 2010

Geropsychiatric Nursing Staff: The Role Of Empowerment, Geriatric Caregiving Self-Efficacy, And Emotional Labor At Work, Ann Smolen-Hetzel

Theses and Dissertations

The current research examined the influence of the emotional labor strategies of faking emotion and suppression of emotion, empowerment, and geriatric caregiving self-efficacy on the relationship between work stress and emotional exhaustion—one dimension of burnout—for a sample of nursing staff members employed in a state-level geriatric psychiatric hospital. The total sample included 79 participants, which included registered nurses (n = 15), licensed practical nurses (n = 23) , and human service care workers (n = 41) who completed the Stress in General scale (Stanton, Balzer, Smith, Parra, & Ironson, 2001), Maslach Burnout Inventory (Human Services Survey; Maslach, Jackson & Leiter, …

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American Graffiti: Musings On The Ground Zero Mosque, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

American Graffiti: Musings On The Ground Zero Mosque, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses reactions and parallels to a mosque proposed near the site of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in public discourse.

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The Group Selection Questionnaire: Discriminant Outcomes And Effectiveness, Jeffrey Lee Elder Sep 2010

The Group Selection Questionnaire: Discriminant Outcomes And Effectiveness, Jeffrey Lee Elder

Theses and Dissertations

The Group Selection Questionnaire (GSQ; Cox et al., 2004) is a measure that has been developed to facilitate clinical decisions about a client's readiness for group psychotherapy. The GSQ has demonstrated an ability to predict which clients will experience a reduction in distress through the use of group psychotherapy. This dissertation examines the Group Selection Questionnaire's ability to measure client characteristics that predict the client's ability to benefit from receiving group psychotherapy compared to the ability to benefit from receiving another form of treatment, such as individual or a combination of individual and group psychotherapy, as measured by improved scores …

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Alternation Rate In Perceptual Bistability Is Maximal At And Symmetric Around Equi-Dominance, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Asya Shpiro, John Rinzel, Nava Rubin Sep 2010

Alternation Rate In Perceptual Bistability Is Maximal At And Symmetric Around Equi-Dominance, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Asya Shpiro, John Rinzel, Nava Rubin

Publications and Research

When an ambiguous stimulus is viewed for a prolonged time, perception alternates between the different possible interpretations of the stimulus. The alternations seem haphazard, but closer inspection of their dynamics reveals systematic properties in many bistable phenomena. Parametric manipulations result in gradual changes in the fraction of time a given interpretation dominates perception, often over the entire possible range of zero to one. The mean dominance durations of the competing interpretations can also vary over wide ranges (from less than a second to dozens of seconds or more), but finding systematic relations in how they vary has proven difficult. Following …

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Aiding Young Children In Taiwan's Typhoon Disaster: How An Naeyc Interest Forum Takes Action, S. C. Yen, S. Baba, Ellen N. Junn Sep 2010

Aiding Young Children In Taiwan's Typhoon Disaster: How An Naeyc Interest Forum Takes Action, S. C. Yen, S. Baba, Ellen N. Junn

Office of the Provost Scholarship

The article describes the strategies learned by members of the Asian Interest Forum (AIF) who collaborated with parents and early childhood teachers on how to help young children cope with natural disasters in Taiwan. Shu-Chen Jenny Yen and Yafen Lo, AIF leaders, have translated information on how to cope with natural disasters into Chinese and sent it to their colleagues in Taiwan. Yen also visited the country where she trained early childhood teachers and volunteers to help children and their families deal with the effects of the natural disaster.

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