Psychology Commons^™

Distinguishing Among Recollection, Familiarity, And Uncertainty: Categorizing The Subjective Basis For Memory Retrieval, Leigh Grace Rougeou

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Narcissism, Over-Optimism, Fear, Anger, And Depression: The Interior Lives Of Corporate Leaders, Jayne W. Barnard

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nothing But The Truth? Experiments On Adversarial Competition, Expert Testimony, And Decision Making, Cheryl Boudreau, Mathew D. Mccubbins

Faculty Scholarship

Many scholars debate whether a competition between experts in legal, political, or economic contexts elicits truthful information and, in turn, enables people to make informed decisions. Thus, we analyze experimentally the conditions under which competition between experts induces the experts to make truthful statements and enables jurors listening to these statements to improve their decisions. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to game theoretic predictions and contrary to critics of our adversarial legal system, competition induces enough truth telling to allow jurors to improve their decisions. Then, when we impose additional institutions (such as penalties for lying or the threat of …

The Role Of Life Events, Coping Style, College Adjustment, And Parent And Peer Relationship Quality In Predicting Relational Aggression In First-Year College Students, Annelise Nelson, Jennifer Ruh Linder

Modern Psychological Studies

The role of positive and negative life events, coping style, and adjustment in predicting relational aggression in college students was investigated using a sample of fifty-one 17-19 year old male (n = 16) and female (n = 35) first year college students. The role of parental psychological control and perceived parent-child and peer relationship quality in predicting relational aggression was also assessed. Students who were less well-adjusted to college academically and socially, and who were less satisfied with and committed to their choice of college, used more relational aggression. Students using the coping strategies of positive reinterpretation, acceptance, and planning …

Ageism And The Contact Hypothesis: The Effects Of Work-Related And Non Work-Related Contact On Age-Related Stereotypes, Katherine Elizabeth Sullivan

Psychology Theses - Archive

Ageism can be defined as positive or negative attitudes toward a group based solely on their age. The present study examined the effect of the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1958) on ageism. Specifically, work-related and non work-related contact effects on both general ageism and ageism in the workplace were assessed. Study 1 examined the effect of the quantity of contact on ageism, while Study 2 examined the Quality X Quantity interaction of situation-specific contact on ageism. Ageism was measured using the previously developed Comprehensive Scale of Ageism (Tipton, 2005), while ageism in the workplace was measured by Ringenbach's (1994) Age Stereotypes …

Reactions To Depictions Of Intergroup Distinctiveness And Similarity Among Liberals And Conservatives, Jason R. Popan

Psychology Theses - Archive

Reactions to an intergroup distinctiveness manipulation and a potential mechanism of intergroup boundary maintenance between liberals and conservatives were investigated. In Study 1, self-identified liberals and conservatives (N = 121) read an ostensible newspaper article depicting either high or low levels of distinctiveness between their groups on political issues and responded to items assessing the consistency of the encountered article with held views and attitudes towards the article's content. Participants' level of identification with their political orientation category moderated the relationship between distinctiveness and reported consistency. Study 2 (N = 152) tested whether threatened intergroup distinctiveness by way of the …

The Effect Of Awareness Of Moraic Structure On Native English Speakers' Listening Comprehension Of Japanese-English Speakers, Yasushi Kyutoku

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

The main aim of the series of three experiments presented here was to find interventions to reduce miscommunication between native and non-native English speakers. Thirty four Standard English (SE) speakers in Experiment 1, twelve SE speakers in Experiment 2, and one hundred and thirty one SE speakers in Experiment 3 were recruited from the Psychology Participant Pool at the University of Texas, Arlington. Experiments 1 and 3 served (1) to analyze the effect of differences in phonetic rhythm between Japanese and SE language on SE speakers' listening comprehension of Japanese-accented English; (2) to analyze the effect of training types on …

What Individual Difference And Social Context Veriables Predict University-Level Academic Performance?, Wen Cheng

Psychology Theses - Archive

The present study was an on-line correlational survey study of 377 UT-Arlington undergraduates. It examined what personality variables predicted university-level academic performance over and above conscientiousness, after also controlling for gender and previous academic ability (that is, high school rank and SAT scores). I found that conscientiousness predicted university GPA after controlling for gender and previous academic ability (high school rank and SAT score). However, some of predictive validity of conscientiousness proved to be attributable to more specific predictors such as academic locus of control and self-expectancy (H1). Moreover, conscientiousness and self-motivation compensated for each other in predicting university GPA …

Minimum Clinical Important Differences Of Health Outcomes In A Chronic Pain Population: Are They Predictive Of Poor Outcomes?, Hilary D. Wilson

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Psychometric validation of health outcomes measures ensures that the methods utilized to evaluate treatment effects, and aid in individual patient diagnosis are reliable, valid, and meaningful. A relatively new concept within the psychometric process of validation is the assessment of responsiveness, or the ability of an instrument to detect clinically meaningful change. Clinically meaningful change may be defined through subjective, self-reports of change, physician-based assessment, or through objective outcome criteria. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate clinically meaningful changes in chronic pain health outcome measures, as defined by objective outcome criteria. The average percent change in the …

Preventing Depression In Early Adolescence: The Penn Resiliency Program, Jane Gillham, S. M. Brunwasser, D. R. Freres

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Some Rudimentary Problems Pertaining To The Construction Of An Ontology And Epistemology Of Shamanic Journeying Imagery, Adam J. Rock, Stanley Krippner

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

Attempts to elucidate the kinds of “thing” or “things” to which the term shamanic journeying

image is referentially linked must grapple with two related questions: what is the fundamental

nature of shamanic journeying images, and how might the origin of a shamanic

journeying image be found? The first question is ontological, concerned with the nature

and essence of shamanic journeying images. In contrast, the second is epistemological and

methodolgical, concerned with how to acquire knowledge of shamanic journeying images.

We demonstrate how inductive and deductive reasoning, the private language argument,

and reification render problematic the resolution of both. Finally, we …

Integral Approach To Mental Suffering, Laura B. Gilot

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

Th is article further develops one section by the same name in another article published in

the International Journal of Transpersonal Studies entitled Integral Approach in Transpersonal

Psychotherapy (Boggio Gilot, 2003) by proposing a model of mental suff ering based on

uniting scientifi c psychology with meditative wisdom (e.g., derived from Yoga Vedanta). Th e

role of spiritual vision underlines a wider understanding of the origins of mental suff ering,

including damage from ontological unawareness and egoism, non-ethical factors usually

ignored in psychology. Th ese give rise to destructive poisons of the mind such as pride,

greed, fear, resentment, envy, …

Fostering A Healthy Body Image: Prevention And Intervention With Adolescent Eating Disorders, Michelle Giles, Michael Hass

Education Faculty Articles and Research

Eating disorders are among the most frequently seen chronic illnesses found in adolescent females. In this paper, we discuss school-based prevention and intervention efforts that seek to reduce the impact of this serious illness. School counselors play a key role in the prevention of eating disorders and can provide support even when not directly involved in psychological or medical treatment. Because of their ability to play a leadership role in school-based prevention of eating disorders, school counselors are essential in facilitating a collaborative approach to the prevention of and intervention in eating disorders and their associated risk factors.

'Pudding-Like' Identity Of Our Times. Yage Ritual, Andrzej Pankalla

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

The Discursive Construction Of Selfhood In Chinese And Euro-American Mother-Infant Interactions, Heidi Keller, Carolin Demuth

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

Morality From A Cultural Psychology Perspective, Lutz H. Eckensberger

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

Fighting For Success: Lessons From The Cage Applied To Life, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Father Absence On Adolescent Depression, Sexual Attitudes, And Substance Use, Nicole M. Hurtack

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between father absence and depression, sexual attitudes, and substance use on adolescents. Data were collected from forty-nine high school students (28 males, 21 females) from ninth to twelfth grade from a private high school in Pennsylvania. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to measure levels of depression. A sexual attitudes and substance use, and family demographic survey were also administered. The results of this study provided no support for the hypothesized relationship between adolescent adjustment and father absence. Father absence did not significantly predicted sexual attitudes, depression or substance …

Learning African-American History In A Synthetic Learning Environment, Adams Greenwood-Ericksen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic Learning Environments (SLEs) represent a hybrid of simulations and games, and in addition to their pedagogical content, rely on elements of story and interactivity to drive engagement with the learning material. The present work examined the differential impact of varying levels of story and interactivity on learning. The 2x2 between subjects design tested learning and retention among 4 different groups of participants, each receiving one of the 4 possible combinations of low and high levels of story and interactivity. Objective assessments of participant performance yielded the unexpected finding that learners using the SLE performed more poorly than any other …

The Relationships Between Leader Behavior, Follower Motivation, And Performance, Melissa Harrell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The primary goal of this study was to examine ways in which leaders can influence followers motivation. Motivation is a key construct in industrial and organizational psychology due to its impact on employee performance. Modern motivation theories adapt a more sophisticated view of motivation in terms of definition, relationships, and operationalization. In particular, one new theory of motivation is the Pritchard and Ashwood Theory (2008). This theory proposes that motivation is comprised of four perceived relationships that, in combination, reflect the extent to which employees believe that their actions on the job will lead to need satisfaction. These four relationships …

Prospective Associations From Family-Of-Origin Interactions To Adult Marital Interactions And Relationship Adjustment, Sarah W. Whitton, Robert J. Waldinger, Marc S. Schulz, Joseph P. Allen, Judith A. Crowell, Stuart T. Hauser

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

To test the social learning-based hypothesis that marital conflict resolution patterns are learned in the family-of-origin, we used longitudinal, observational data to assess prospective associations between family conflict interaction patterns during adolescence and offspring’s later marital conflict interaction patterns. Forty-seven participants completed an observed family conflict resolution task with their parents at age 14. Seventeen years later, they completed an observed marital conflict interaction task with their spouse, as well as a measure of marital adjustment. As predicted, levels of hostility and positive engagement expressed by parents and adolescents during family interactions were prospectively linked with levels of hostility and …

Sexual Harassment And Assault Experienced By Reservists During Military Service: Prevalence And Health Correlates, Amy E. Street, Jane Stafford, Clare M. Mahan, Ann Hendricks

Faculty Publications

The current investigation identified the gender-specific prevalence of sexual harassment and assault experienced during U.S. military service and the negative mental and physical health correlates of these experiences in a sample of former reservists. We surveyed a stratified random sample of 3,946 former reservists about their experiences during military service and their current health, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic symptoms, and medical conditions. Prevalence estimates and confidence intervals of sexual harassment and assault were calculated. A series of logistic regressions identified associations with health symptoms and conditions. Both men and women had a substantial prevalence of military sexual harassment …

Medicating Children: The Enduring Controversy Over Adhd And Pediatric Stimulant Pharmacotherapy, Rick Mayes, Jennifer L. Erkulwater, Catherine Bagwell

Political Science Faculty Publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) holds the distinction of being both the most extensively studied pediatric mental disorder and one of the most controversial. This is partly due to the fact that it is also the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among minors. On average, one in every ten to 15 children in the U.S. has been diagnosed with the disorder and one in every 20 to 25 uses a stimulant medication—often Ritalin, Adderall, or Concerta—as treatment. The biggest increase in youth diagnosed with ADHD and prescribed a stimulant drug occurred during the 1990s, when the prevalence of physician visits …

Social-Cognitive Biases In Simulated Airline Luggage Screening, Jeremy R. Brown

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The study examined the role that social-cognitive biases play in decision making processes during airline luggage screening, Participants (n = 96) performed a computer simulated task where they tried to detect hidden weapons in 200 x-ray images of passenger luggage. Participants saw each luggage image for either two seconds (high time pressure) or six seconds (low time pressure). In addition, on each trial, participants observed the pictures of the "passenger" to whom the luggage purportedly belongs. The "pre-anchor group" answered questions about the passenger before the luggage image appears, the "post-anchor" group answered questions after the luggage appears, and the …

High School Students' Academic Achievement And Their Mothers' Attitudes And Level Of Education, Nicole M. Classen

Masters Theses

What is life like for a teenager growing up with a sibling who has a disability? Using their own words, five high school students explored, through an interview format, how their experiences, family systems, and identity have been shaped in direct and indirect ways by having a brother or sister with a disability. Several common themes emerged and included how sibling-care responsibilities influenced their ability to participate in social activities outside of the home, reported perceptions of having more household responsibilities than their peers and/or siblings, recognition that the sibling with a disability influenced family members and family life, an …

High School Siblings Of Children With Disabilities: Five Case Studies, Casey Cuttill

Masters Theses

How mothers' level of education and attitudes toward education related to their children's academic achievement was investigated in the present study. One hundred fifteen mothers of high school students participated in this study by completing a questio1maire that evaluated their level of education and their attitudes regarding the importance of education. Their children's grade point averages were also collected. Results indicated that when the mothers had less positive attitudes toward education, mothers' level of education was not related to their children's academic achievement. When mothers reported more positive attitudes toward education and had a high level of education themselves, however, …

The Power Of Prayer: Examining The Relationship Between Prayer And Subjective Well-Being, Abby A. Grove

Masters Theses

The present study examined the relationship between types of prayer ( adoration, contemplation, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception) and well-being, self-esteem, satisfaction in life, and spiritual support. For this study, there were several hypotheses. First, it was hypothesized that the more a person reported praying and feeling spiritually supported, the higher the level of self-esteem would be. Second, adoration and thanksgiving prayers would be more closely related to higher levels of subjective wellbeing than would confession, supplication, or reception prayers. Third, piarried people would report higher levels of satisfaction with life and spiritual support. Also expected were the following outcomes: (1) …

The Virtues Of Prosocialness, Wisdom, And Hope As Predictors Of Academic Achievement In Adolescents, Michael P. Maier

Masters Theses

Currently, there is a strong emphasis on children scoring well on academic achievement tests. While the skills needed to do well on these tests are important, positive character is another factor that may be related to academic achievement. The purpose of the present study was to examine if positive character is relevant to academic achievement. Can prosocialness, hope, and wisdom predict academic achievement? Which of these virtues is most predictive? Can these virtues predict academic achievement above and beyond academic skill levels?

Illinois Standards Achievement Test scores and GP A were collected for 105 students who also completed self-report measures …

Teachers' Perceptions Of Multicultural Education, Brandie M. Goodman

Masters Theses

The current study investigated teachers' perceptions of multicultural education. Teachers' perception of the importance of culture in the learning and teaching process is expected to impact students' learning and social development. For the culturally competent teacher, the child's culture is central to the teaching and learning process. However, even though the student population of ethnic minorities is increasing at a rapid rate, schools may not be fully prepared to provide meaningful education to these students. Based on the exposure theory, the current study attempted to answer the following question: Does a teacher's present and past teaching experience (urban, suburban, or …

Family Structure And Psychological Factors: The Effects Of Family-Of-Origin Variables On Young Adults' Psychological Well-Being, Catherine E. Morgan

Masters Theses

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family structure and life satisfaction in young adults. Additionally, the study examined explanatory style, parenting style, family cohesion, family satisfaction, and the presence of siblings as potential moderating factors between divergent family structures and levels of life satisfaction in young adults. Ninety male and 121 female university students completed a demographic survey, the Parental Authority Questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV, the Attribution Style Questionnaire, the Family Satisfaction Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. As anticipated, results indicated that participants who grew up in single parent and step-family …