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2007

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Articles 421 - 450 of 855

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Strategies To Avoid The Loss Of Developmental Potential In More Than 200 Million Children In The Developing World, Patrice L. Engle, Maureen M. Black, Jere R. Behrman, Meena Cabral De Mello, Paul Gertler, Lydia Kapiriri, Reynaldo Martorell, Mary Eming Young, International Child Development Steering Group Jan 2007

Strategies To Avoid The Loss Of Developmental Potential In More Than 200 Million Children In The Developing World, Patrice L. Engle, Maureen M. Black, Jere R. Behrman, Meena Cabral De Mello, Paul Gertler, Lydia Kapiriri, Reynaldo Martorell, Mary Eming Young, International Child Development Steering Group

Psychology and Child Development

This paper is the third in the Child Development Series. The first paper showed that more than 200 million children under 5 years of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential. The second paper identified four well-documented risks: stunting, iodine deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia, and inadequate cognitive stimulation, plus four potential risks based on epidemiological evidence: maternal depression, violence exposure, environmental contamination, and malaria. This paper assesses strategies to promote child development and to prevent or ameliorate the loss of developmental potential. The most effective early child development programmes provide direct learning experiences to children and families, …

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An Analysis Of The Subjective Socioeconomic Scale Among Hispanic Immigrants And Caucasians, Mathew Glen Bowden Jan 2007

An Analysis Of The Subjective Socioeconomic Scale Among Hispanic Immigrants And Caucasians, Mathew Glen Bowden

Theses and Dissertations

Subjective socioeconomic status (SES) has previously been shown to be correlated with a large number of health measures. In this study, the subjective SES measure is modified and translated to measure childhood SES. The subjective SES scale is examined in a participant's hometown, community, and nation. Both an immigrant Hispanic and a Caucasian sample were studied (31 Hispanic males; 42 Hispanic females; 38 Caucasian males, 40 Caucasians females). Childhood SES was the most significant predictor of self-reported health in both sample groups.

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Response To Intervention And Effects On Retention, Jason D. Haught Jan 2007

Response To Intervention And Effects On Retention, Jason D. Haught

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Little research exists pertaining to the affect of the Response to lntervention model on student grade retention. This study was designed to determine a relationship between the frequency of students retained in grades kindergarten through third prior to and following the implementation of the Response to lntervention model. A five member cohort group conducted a longitudinal study of grades kindergarten through third grade in eleven pilot schools in the state of West Virginia. A Chi-Square test was chosen to examine the variables in an attempt to identify whether the implementation of the Response to lntervention model had an affect upon …

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The Moderating Effects Of Rituals On Commitment In Premarital Involvements, Kelly Campbell, James J. Ponzetti Jan 2007

The Moderating Effects Of Rituals On Commitment In Premarital Involvements, Kelly Campbell, James J. Ponzetti

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study examined how rituals were associated with commitment, and to what extent rituals moderated the investment model variables (i.e., satisfaction level, investment size, and alternatives) on commitment. Although rituals promote commitment in marital and family relationships, the salience of rituals to commitment in premarital involvements has not been investigated. University students (N=100) who agreed to participate were in a couple relationship but not married. Findings indicated that rituals were significant predictors of commitment; however, no unique variance was accounted for once investment model variables were taken into consideration. Rituals significantly moderated the relationship between alternatives and investments, and commitment. …

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Second Language Acquisition From A Mcneillian Perspective, Gale Stam Jan 2007

Second Language Acquisition From A Mcneillian Perspective, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

Most second language acquisition research has concentrated on learners’ speech. This paper argues that it is necessary to look at both learners’ speech and gesture in order to better understand second language acquisition. It provides a summary of the second language acquisition process and the types of studies that have been conducted in the field. It discusses how gesture can be used to investigate learners’ thinking for speaking.

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Ciis Today, Spring 2007 Issue, Ciis Jan 2007

Ciis Today, Spring 2007 Issue, Ciis

CIIS Today

This volume is the Spring 2007 issue of CIIS Today, the Magazine of the California Institute of Integral Studies.

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When Should You Hesitate To Mediate?, Elizabeth K. Englander Jan 2007

When Should You Hesitate To Mediate?, Elizabeth K. Englander

MARC Publications

No abstract provided.

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Contrasting Roles Of Neural Firing Rate And Local Field Potentials In Human Memory, A. Ekstrom, Indre Viskontas, M. Kahana, J. Jacobs, K. Upchurch, S. Bookheimer, I. Fried Jan 2007

Contrasting Roles Of Neural Firing Rate And Local Field Potentials In Human Memory, A. Ekstrom, Indre Viskontas, M. Kahana, J. Jacobs, K. Upchurch, S. Bookheimer, I. Fried

Psychology

Recording the activity of neurons is a mainstay of animal memory research, while human recordings are generally limited to the activity of large ensembles of cells. The relationship between ensemble activity and neural firing rate during declarative memory processes, however, remains unclear. We recorded neurons and local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from the same sites in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (ERC) in patients with implanted intracranial electrodes during a virtual taxi-driver task that also included a memory retrieval component. Neurons increased their firing rate in response to specific passengers or landmarks both during navigation and retrieval. Although we …

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Cell Phone Usage And Autonomy In College Students, Jonathon Lassiter, Jessica Hill, Kelli Fain, Kevin Lamb Jan 2007

Cell Phone Usage And Autonomy In College Students, Jonathon Lassiter, Jessica Hill, Kelli Fain, Kevin Lamb

The Corinthian

This study aimed to determine cell phone usage differences in dependency upon family and friends between upper division (3rd & 4th year undergraduates) and lower division (1st & 2nd year undergraduates) males and females. Subjects consisted of 270 students at a public liberal arts university in the southeastern United States. Participants in the study were administered an online survey that consisted of 31 questions assessing their cell phone usage. Cell phone usage in this study was defined as engaging in verbal communication on a cellular phone. Dependency was measured by the number of calls and length of calls one reportedly …

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The Effect Of Marshall University's Summer Enrichment Program On Reading Gains Program Evaluation, Ii, Kelli A. Potoczny Jan 2007

The Effect Of Marshall University's Summer Enrichment Program On Reading Gains Program Evaluation, Ii, Kelli A. Potoczny

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Marshall University Summer Enrichment Program on students’ reading success in grades Kindergarten through eighth. From June 26, 2006 through July 27, 2006, a 5 week chronological period, 105 students attended the summer program and were evaluated for reading achievement. The study measured students' reading performance during the 5 consecutive weeks. Students were divided into three groups, primary, intermediate and middle school to evaluate the different age groups for changes in reading ability. This study compared student's pre and post running records to determine any gains in reading skills. …

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The Influence Of College Students’ Perception Of Parental (Or Primary Caregiver) Expectations On Coping Behavior And Adjustment In Early Adulthood, Jessica Smith Jan 2007

The Influence Of College Students’ Perception Of Parental (Or Primary Caregiver) Expectations On Coping Behavior And Adjustment In Early Adulthood, Jessica Smith

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

While some research has examined how parental expectations affect educational achievement, there is very little known about how parental expectations affect the development of coping skills and adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functions. Participants were asked to complete a measure of their abilities in academics, sports, leadership, honesty, responsibilities, among other things. Then, they completed a measure of what they perceived their parents’ expectations of those areas were. Lastly, they completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-College Self Report of Personality form as a measure of adaptive and maladaptive functioning. The goals of this study are to investigate 1) if participants' …

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Comparative Study Of The Working Memory Scales Of The Wisc-Iv And Sb5 In Referred Students, Erica N. Abbott Jan 2007

Comparative Study Of The Working Memory Scales Of The Wisc-Iv And Sb5 In Referred Students, Erica N. Abbott

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The present study compared the working memory scales of the WISC-IV and the SB5 as both tests are used, in part, to develop academic interventions for students. There is a moderate correlation (.6) between the two tests with 33 percent of shared variance and a SEest of 9.1 [plus or minus]. The findings indicate that the two tests do not measure a similar ability and scores obtained on them should not be interpreted in the same manner. More research is needed to investigate the specific constructs measured and which test is most appropriate to assess working memory problems.

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Effective Reading Instruction In A Response To Intervention Program Evaluation, Sabrina L. Graham Jan 2007

Effective Reading Instruction In A Response To Intervention Program Evaluation, Sabrina L. Graham

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In response to the reauthorization of IDEA, in the spring of 2005, the West Virginia Department of Education (WVDOE) initiated a project to implement a Response-to- Intervention (RtI) approach to the identification of students with specific learning disabilities. The present study evaluated to what extent the Tier 1 approach provides effective instruction to reach mastery in Phonemic Awareness and Phonics in Kindergarten through 3 rd grade. The research design for this study was a program evaluation. The participants in the West Virginia RtI pilot project included approximately 150 teachers from Kindergarten through 3 rd grade, 11 principals, 11 project coordinators, …

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Conceptualizing Depression: The Role Of Attachment And Related Issues, Megan Green Jan 2007

Conceptualizing Depression: The Role Of Attachment And Related Issues, Megan Green

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and attachment and related issues as measured by the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ). Individuals who had been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder in outpatient therapy and who indicated the presence of depressive symptoms on the BDI-II were compared to a control group comprised of individuals who had never engaged in therapy and who demonstrated minimal levels of depression as measured by the BDI-II. Therapy clients were assessed during the first two weeks of therapy. The experimental group demonstrated higher …

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Un Proyecto De Educacion Ambiental En Torno A La Sequia En Chihuahua: Proceso, Resultados Y Aplicaciones Ulteriores (An Environmental Education Project In The Context Of Drought In Chihuahua: Process, Results And Ulterior Applications), Sara Soledad Garcia, V. Reyes, P. Ocha Tovar Jan 2007

Un Proyecto De Educacion Ambiental En Torno A La Sequia En Chihuahua: Proceso, Resultados Y Aplicaciones Ulteriores (An Environmental Education Project In The Context Of Drought In Chihuahua: Process, Results And Ulterior Applications), Sara Soledad Garcia, V. Reyes, P. Ocha Tovar

Teacher Education

No abstract provided.

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Exercise : Nature's Defense Against Depression And Anxiety, Holly A. Dorenkamp Jan 2007

Exercise : Nature's Defense Against Depression And Anxiety, Holly A. Dorenkamp

Graduate Research Papers

Exercise and mental health is a relatively new area of study within health care and mental health disciplines. Whereas many mental health professionals focus on the mental status of clients, research suggests that physical health, exercise in particular, has a positive impact on mental health and well-being. Currently, typical treatment approaches lean toward psychotropic medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. However, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are becoming so widespread that other effective and affordable treatment approaches and options are greatly needed and vital to the overall mental health of society. Utilizing exercise in the treatment …

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Performance In Non-Face-To-Face Collaborative Information Environments, Brooke Schaab, J. Douglas Dressel, Mark A. Sabol, Andrea L. Lassiter Jan 2007

Performance In Non-Face-To-Face Collaborative Information Environments, Brooke Schaab, J. Douglas Dressel, Mark A. Sabol, Andrea L. Lassiter

Psychology Department Publications

Using technology to obtain and process information requires training not only in human-computer interaction but also in human-human-computer (collaborative) interaction. Warfighters must not only develop their own situational awareness (SA), they must understand each others’ SA (Pew, 1995). This common ground is what each collaboration participant assumes about the others to ensure effective interactions (Ross, 2003; Wellons, 1993). Communication is key. Collaborators must coordinate and share information. Collaboration influences military operations at all levels. Technical interoperability is not enough to produce the synchronization required.

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Oxytocin Increases Generosity In Humans, Paul J. Zak, Angela Stanton, Sheila Ahmadi Jan 2007

Oxytocin Increases Generosity In Humans, Paul J. Zak, Angela Stanton, Sheila Ahmadi

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Human beings routinely help strangers at costs to themselves. Sometimes the help offered is generous-offering more than the other expects. The proximate mechanisms supporting generosity are not well-understood, but several lines of research suggest a role for empathy. In this study, participants were infused with 40 IU oxytocin (OT) or placebo and engaged in a blinded, one-shot decision on how to split a sum of money with a stranger that could be rejected. Those on OT were 80% more generous than those given a placebo. OT had no effect on a unilateral monetary transfer task dissociating generosity from altruism. OT …

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Gender Bias In Peer Grading Among Undergraduate Students, Elizabeth Dalton Jan 2007

Gender Bias In Peer Grading Among Undergraduate Students, Elizabeth Dalton

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Using the observation that people refer to their own genders when talking about an unknown author, one might infer that people might relate to authors of their same sex. If this is true, this could be a gender bias as people could attribute good qualities of an unknown author to their gender. This led to an investigation of gender bias in peer grading where students were thought to attribute better grades on a paper if the author is their same sex. Participants were separated into three groups separated by the knowledge of the author’s gender then asked to grade a …

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Factors Influencing Track And Swimming Coaches’ Intentions To Use Sport Psychology Services, Rebecca Zakrajsek, Sam Zizzi Jan 2007

Factors Influencing Track And Swimming Coaches’ Intentions To Use Sport Psychology Services, Rebecca Zakrajsek, Sam Zizzi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This study is the first attempt at developing an instrument measuring coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology modified from Martin, Kellmann, Lavallee, and Page’s (2002) Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised (SPA-R) form. The Sport Psychology Attitude-Revised Coaches (SPA-RC) form was developed and examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) procedures. In addition, an exploratory model of service use was fashioned through regression analyses to help understand coaches’ intended use of sport psychology services. Coaches (n = 374) were surveyed regarding attitude, previous exposure, expectations of the consultation process, and intentions to use sport psychology services. EFA with the SPA-RC revealed a 3-factor solution (stigma …

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Detecting Denial Of Severe Psychiatric Disorder: An Mmpi-2 Investigation Of Criminal Defendants, L. Thomas Kucharski, Paul Tang, Barry Rosenfeld Jan 2007

Detecting Denial Of Severe Psychiatric Disorder: An Mmpi-2 Investigation Of Criminal Defendants, L. Thomas Kucharski, Paul Tang, Barry Rosenfeld

Psychology Faculty Publications

The ability of the MMPI-2 validity scales to differentiate mentally ill defendants who denied being mentally ill from mentally ill defendants who acknowledged their illness and those without mental illness was investigated. A stepwise logistic regression analysis (LGA) was utilized to identify the most parsimonious set of predictors among the MMPI-2 validity measures. The F and K scales and the Es-K index significantly differentiated the denying mental illness group from those acknowledging their psychiatric difficulties with a high degree of accuracy. An ROC curve utilizing the prediction scores from the LGA yielded an area under the curve of .89. An …

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Dialectical Behavior Therapy For The Treatment Of Stalking Offenders, Barry Rosenfeld, Michele Galietta, Andre Ivanoff, Alexandra Garcia-Mansilla, Ricardo Martinez, Joanna Fava, Virginia Fineran, Debbie Green Jan 2007

Dialectical Behavior Therapy For The Treatment Of Stalking Offenders, Barry Rosenfeld, Michele Galietta, Andre Ivanoff, Alexandra Garcia-Mansilla, Ricardo Martinez, Joanna Fava, Virginia Fineran, Debbie Green

Psychology Faculty Publications

The need for effective mental health interventions for specific offender populations has become clear in recent decades. In particular, individuals who engage in stalking and harassment have increasingly attracted the attention of the public and mental health and criminal justice professionals, however no evidence-based treatment currently exists for this population. We adapted Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for the treatment of this offender group, in part because of the high prevalence of personality disorders. This study describes the application of a 6-month treatment program to a sample of 29 individuals, 14 of whom completed treatment. Treated offenders were significantly less likely …

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Can I Trust You To Trust Me? A Theory Of Trust, Monitoring, And Cooperation In Interpersonal And Intergroup Relationships, Donald L. Ferrin, Michelle C. Bligh, Jeffrey C. Kohles Jan 2007

Can I Trust You To Trust Me? A Theory Of Trust, Monitoring, And Cooperation In Interpersonal And Intergroup Relationships, Donald L. Ferrin, Michelle C. Bligh, Jeffrey C. Kohles

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Drawing on the diverse literatures of game theory, negotiation, interpersonal trust, and interorganizational relationships, the authors develop a theoretical model of the relationships among trust, monitoring, and cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup interactions. They use the concept of isomorphism as a basis for developing this theory, observing that although the constructs may differ in structure across levels, they may still have similar functions. They also argue that a more explicit distinction between own and other's trust, own and other's monitoring, and own and other's cooperation is critical for better understanding the relationships among trust, monitoring, and cooperation. By making this …

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Math Magician: A Study On Distraction And Testing Ability, Brad Fincher, Kate Nelson, Carter Bray Jan 2007

Math Magician: A Study On Distraction And Testing Ability, Brad Fincher, Kate Nelson, Carter Bray

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The problem with distraction in schools today could be affecting student’s learning. Our hypothesis is that students who are confronted with a distraction do not do as well as students who are not confronted with distractions while doing homework. There was a total of thirty five participants. The procedure was for participants in the experimental group would begin doing a math worksheet and a distraction (cell phone ring tone) would be introduced. For participants in the control group they would do the math worksheet in silence with out distraction. The results showed that the distraction did not affect the participant’s …

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Homophones With Dual Interpretations As Affected By Temperature, Jamie Fritz Jan 2007

Homophones With Dual Interpretations As Affected By Temperature, Jamie Fritz

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study investigated the effect of temperature on selection of neutral and negative connotations. Homophones, words with two meanings with the same pronunciations, with a neutral and negative connotation were used to detect differences in temperature environments (75 or 85 F). Homophones were selected based on their use in a study by J. B.Halberstadt, P.M. Niedenthal, and J. Kushner (1995) where homophone-meaning selection was affected by “happy” and “sad” music played during the experiment. The current study did not find statistical significance between the two temperatures to reject the null hypothesis, but demonstrated the need for further study in this …

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I Changed My Mind, Jodi Curtis, Adam Saito Jan 2007

I Changed My Mind, Jodi Curtis, Adam Saito

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Some might say that college is a time for people to find out what they want to do with the rest of their lives. Students select fields based on their interest, to study and further turn into a career. Some students become unsatisfied with their choice, or even find interest in another field. This leads to students making the decision to change their major and pursue another major. In this paper, it is hypothesized that due to exposure to different, required, general education classes of different fields, students change their majors. Data was collected from students enrolled in capstone classes, …

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Why Do You Come To Lu?, Sara Hawkins, Amanda Schmidt Jan 2007

Why Do You Come To Lu?, Sara Hawkins, Amanda Schmidt

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons that people attend and continue to attend Lindenwood University. We examined 129 surveys completed by current Lindenwood University students. The survey asked a variety of questions, including demographic data, resident/commuter status, and what the student likes/dislikes about Lindenwood. There were two hypotheses for this study. Our first hypothesis was that commuter students would attend class more often than resident students. Our second hypothesis was that scholarships/funding was the top reason that students chose to come to Lindenwood. While our second hypothesis did yield statistical significance, our first one did not. …

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Influence Of Teamwork Aptitude And Personal Characteristics Of Team Members On Team Effectiveness: How Should We Form Effective Teams?, Shinko Kimura Jan 2007

Influence Of Teamwork Aptitude And Personal Characteristics Of Team Members On Team Effectiveness: How Should We Form Effective Teams?, Shinko Kimura

Theses Digitization Project

This study examines the factors that are important for team success by exploring the best possible criteria for selecting members for teamwork. Two models of team composition were proposed, productivty and synergy. The findings are discussed for their implications for team satisfaction and productivity.

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Organizational Policies, Organizational Social Support, And Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role Of Motivation Orientation, Christie Lynn Crimaldi Jan 2007

Organizational Policies, Organizational Social Support, And Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role Of Motivation Orientation, Christie Lynn Crimaldi

Theses Digitization Project

The current study examines the relationship between organizational support and work-family/family-work conflict. This study hopes to add to the literature by looking at individual differences as a possible mediator in the relationship between various sources of support and conflict between work and family.

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Early Familial Misogyny: Its Impact On Attachment Security And Later Caregiving Behaviors, Debra Dee Kirtland Jan 2007

Early Familial Misogyny: Its Impact On Attachment Security And Later Caregiving Behaviors, Debra Dee Kirtland

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of early misogynistic treatment of females on subsequent attachment security and the quality of the later caregiving of their own children. A Misogyny Scale was created for use in this study.

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