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2005

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Articles 661 - 670 of 670

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Forging And Severing Connections Between Historical Injustices And Current Experience, Gregory Roy Gunn Jan 2005

Forging And Severing Connections Between Historical Injustices And Current Experience, Gregory Roy Gunn

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Past research on temporal self-appraisal theory has revealed that individuals are able to maintain a positive sense of self by subjectively moving favourable past events forward and unfavourable past events backward in time. The current study extends past work by examining whether individuals alter subjective distance from historical injustices to protect their collective identity. Men, as members of a perpetrator group, may perceive past injustices against women as a threat to their collective identity. As such, men may be motivated to subjectively move past injustices backward in time. On the other hand, women, as members of a victim group, may …

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'To The Streets Cuz We're On The Streets': Exploring The Controversy Of Homeless Youth Activism In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Nadia Hausfather Jan 2005

'To The Streets Cuz We're On The Streets': Exploring The Controversy Of Homeless Youth Activism In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Nadia Hausfather

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Throughout the past years, homeless youth have been involved in activism in Kitchener-Waterloo (K-W), a mid-size city located in southern Ontario. Such activism has caused a great deal of controversy in the K-W community. The main objective of this research was to explore that controversy. The three main research questions used to explore this controversy were: (1) Why do homeless youth become involved in activism? (2) What are the effects of homeless youth activism? (3) What factors limit or facilitate homeless youth activism? I used a participatory action research approach, consisting of a steering committee of homeless youth and two …

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Examining The Factors That Promote Sustained Engagement In Young People, Marla C. Pender Jan 2005

Examining The Factors That Promote Sustained Engagement In Young People, Marla C. Pender

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Little research to date has explored the kinds of factors that promote sustained engagement in young people. In order to address this gap in the literature, 20 individuals who attended national youth conferences (the goal of which being to promote engagement above and beyond the conferences themselves) between one and 14 years earlier were interviewed about their experiences before, during, and after the conferences. Specifically, participants were asked to discuss their levels of involvement in their schools and communities after attending the conferences, as well as the factors that sustained or hindered their participation. Four emerging themes---the nature of the …

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Prediction Of Childhood Externalizing Disorder Outcome: A Variable-Oriented And Person-Oriented Analysis Of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Data, Stephanie C. Cerutti Jan 2005

Prediction Of Childhood Externalizing Disorder Outcome: A Variable-Oriented And Person-Oriented Analysis Of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Data, Stephanie C. Cerutti

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The current study identified risk factors associated with childhood externalize disorders. Intervention outcomes of children that took part in a community-based, early childhood prevention project, Better Beginnings Better Futures, were studied longitudinally from Grade 3 to Grade 6. Three intervention sites in Ontario (Cornwall, n = 108; Sudbury, n = 134; Highfield, n = 131) and two matched comparison sites in Ontario (Ottawa-Vanier, n = 116; Etobicoke, n = 87) were examined. Risk factors examined at multiple levels of analysis, including the individual, family, and community levels of analysis, were considered. It was expected that higher risk children would respond …

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Seeing The Future: Does Visual Perspective Influence Motivation?, Noelia Vasquez Jan 2005

Seeing The Future: Does Visual Perspective Influence Motivation?, Noelia Vasquez

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research examined how people's thoughts about their future task performance influence their current motivational state. It was hypothesized that the effects of imagining a successful future performance would depend upon the visual perspective adopted. People were expected to feel more motivated when they imagined a highly successful performance from a third-person perspective rather than a first-person perspective. In two experiments, participants identified an important academic task that they would be completing in the near future and were asked to imagine it unfolding either very successfully (positive valence) or less successfully (negative or neutral valence). To manipulate visual perspective, participants …

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The Importance Of Retrieval Failures To Long-Term Retention: A Metacognitive Explanation Of The Spacing Effect, Harry P. Bahrick, Lynda K. Hall Jan 2005

The Importance Of Retrieval Failures To Long-Term Retention: A Metacognitive Explanation Of The Spacing Effect, Harry P. Bahrick, Lynda K. Hall

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Encoding strategies vary in their duration of effectiveness, and individuals can best identify and modify strategies that yield effects of short duration on the basis of retrieval failures. Multiple study sessions with long inter-session intervals are better than massed training at providing discriminative feedback that identifies encoding strategies of short duration. We report two investigations in which long intervals between study sessions yield substantial benefits to long-term retention, at a cost of only moderately longer individual study sessions. When individuals monitor and control encoding over an extended period, targets yielding the largest number of retrieval failures contribute substantially to the …

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The Influence Of Parenting Styles On The Development Of Moral Judgment In College Level Adolescents, Scott M. Hawkins Jan 2005

The Influence Of Parenting Styles On The Development Of Moral Judgment In College Level Adolescents, Scott M. Hawkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project addresses the relationship between parenting styles and the development of moral judgment in college students enrolled in a four year private University in Central Virginia. The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which parenting styles are one of the "building blocks" for the development of moral judgment in adolescents. The instruments used are the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1988) and the Defining Issues Test - II (Rest, 1999). The researcher hypothesized that the levels of moral judgment found in college students who perceive that they were parented by parents utilizing an Authoritative parenting …

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Home To Jesus (Chapter 9 On Finding Our Way Home), Mark R. Mcminn Jan 2005

Home To Jesus (Chapter 9 On Finding Our Way Home), Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Like so many, I was raised in a religious home- praying before meals, attending Sunday services, seeking to follow God's will for my life. I remember getting two Christmas presents in ninth grade-a new pair of skis and a new Bible. Honestly, I was more thrilled with the Bible than with the skis (though both gifts made me ecstatic about my generous parents for a few days). I remember wondering in those youthful years why anyone would choose a life apart from Jesus. As I grew toward adulthood I began to understand their reasons. The faith I had loved …

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'The Steps To Respect' Program Uses A Multilevel Approach To Reduce Playground Bullying And Destructive Bystander Behaviors, Karin Frey, Leihua Van Schoiack Edstrom, Miriam Hirschstein Jan 2005

'The Steps To Respect' Program Uses A Multilevel Approach To Reduce Playground Bullying And Destructive Bystander Behaviors, Karin Frey, Leihua Van Schoiack Edstrom, Miriam Hirschstein

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Bullying reduction efforts benefit from combining universal and selected interventions. All children are involved occasionally as aggressor, victim or encouraging bystander, and some children are frequently involved. Bullying behavior is amply rewarded in the school environment. The Steps to Respect program aims to reduce rewards by increasing adult intervention and support for socially responsible student behavior. Cognitive-behavioral classroom curricula address peer norms, assertiveness, and general social-emotional skills. A random control trial showed decreases in playground bullying and negative bystander behavior after one year. Longitudinal analyses showed declines in all five problem behaviors after two years. Results were strongest when teachers …

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Effects Of A School-Based Social-Emotional Competence Program: Linking Children's Goals, Attributions, And Behaviors, Karin S. Frey, Susan Bobbitt Nolen, Leihua Van Schoiack Edstrom, Miriam K. Hirschstein Jan 2005

Effects Of A School-Based Social-Emotional Competence Program: Linking Children's Goals, Attributions, And Behaviors, Karin S. Frey, Susan Bobbitt Nolen, Leihua Van Schoiack Edstrom, Miriam K. Hirschstein

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study examined the effects of the Second Step social–emotional learning program and addressed the relations between social cognitions and prosocial and antisocial behavior. Children (N = 1,253) in intervention and control groups were assessed by teacher ratings, self report, and observation in two conflict situations. Intervention children were more likely to prefer prosocial goals and give egalitarian reasons for satisfaction than control children. Intervention children also required less adult intervention, and behaved less aggressively and (among girls) more cooperatively. Teacher ratings of social behavior showed improvement over time. Individual and dyadic behavior varied as a function of goals, hostile …

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