Psychology Commons^™

Forging And Severing Connections Between Historical Injustices And Current Experience, Gregory Roy Gunn

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Past research on temporal self-appraisal theory has revealed that individuals are able to maintain a positive sense of self by subjectively moving favourable past events forward and unfavourable past events backward in time. The current study extends past work by examining whether individuals alter subjective distance from historical injustices to protect their collective identity. Men, as members of a perpetrator group, may perceive past injustices against women as a threat to their collective identity. As such, men may be motivated to subjectively move past injustices backward in time. On the other hand, women, as members of a victim group, may …

'To The Streets Cuz We're On The Streets': Exploring The Controversy Of Homeless Youth Activism In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Nadia Hausfather

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Throughout the past years, homeless youth have been involved in activism in Kitchener-Waterloo (K-W), a mid-size city located in southern Ontario. Such activism has caused a great deal of controversy in the K-W community. The main objective of this research was to explore that controversy. The three main research questions used to explore this controversy were: (1) Why do homeless youth become involved in activism? (2) What are the effects of homeless youth activism? (3) What factors limit or facilitate homeless youth activism? I used a participatory action research approach, consisting of a steering committee of homeless youth and two …

The Effect Of Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) And Cb1 Antagonists On Sucrose And Quinine Palatability: Direct Measurement With The Taste Reactivity Test, Maegan Jarrett

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Anecdotal reports suggest that cannabinoid agonists enhance palatability and that antagonists reduce palatability; however there has been little direct experimental evidence for these claims. The taste reactivity (TR) test is a direct measure of palatability in rats (Grill & Norgren, 1978). In Experiments 1 and 4, the taste reactivity (TR) test was used to evaluate the potential of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to modify both sucrose and quinine palatability. The TR test revealed that THC (0.5 mg/kg) increases the palatability of sucrose solutions at 120 min post-injection, regardless of the sucrose concentration. THC (0.5 mg/kg) also decreased the aversiveness of the quinine …

Resident Participation Across The Lifecycle Of A Primary Prevention Initiative, Alexandra Kissin

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Resident participation is a key aspect of primary prevention initiatives that follow a community-driven approach. This study examines the evolution of resident participation at three Ontario sites (Guelph, Cornwall, and Walpole Island) of the primary prevention initiative Better Beginnings, Better Futures. The main research questions were focused on discovering the nature, barriers, facilitators, and impacts of resident participation and the roles that residents played at each of the three phases of the sites' lifecycles (i.e., the early years, the middle years, and the later years). Data collection involved a review of archival documents for the early and middle years and …

Examining The Factors That Promote Sustained Engagement In Young People, Marla C. Pender

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Little research to date has explored the kinds of factors that promote sustained engagement in young people. In order to address this gap in the literature, 20 individuals who attended national youth conferences (the goal of which being to promote engagement above and beyond the conferences themselves) between one and 14 years earlier were interviewed about their experiences before, during, and after the conferences. Specifically, participants were asked to discuss their levels of involvement in their schools and communities after attending the conferences, as well as the factors that sustained or hindered their participation. Four emerging themes---the nature of the …

Seeing The Future: Does Visual Perspective Influence Motivation?, Noelia Vasquez

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research examined how people's thoughts about their future task performance influence their current motivational state. It was hypothesized that the effects of imagining a successful future performance would depend upon the visual perspective adopted. People were expected to feel more motivated when they imagined a highly successful performance from a third-person perspective rather than a first-person perspective. In two experiments, participants identified an important academic task that they would be completing in the near future and were asked to imagine it unfolding either very successfully (positive valence) or less successfully (negative or neutral valence). To manipulate visual perspective, participants …

Cultural Diversity At Family And Children's Services Of The Region Of Waterloo: An Evaluation Of A Cultural Competency Training Program, Jessica Leigh Vinograd

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Cultural competence among child welfare practitioners is imperative given rapidly changing Canadian demographics, current inadequacy in the delivery of social services due to ethnocentric bias, and the insufficiency of educational programs in providing multicultural training for future practitioners. This study investigated the extent to which a specific training program influences multicultural competencies. In Ontario, child welfare employees (N = 61) completed the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge and Skills Survey (MAKSS) (D'Andrea, Daniels, & Heck, 1991) on two separate occasions. A 2 (pre, post) x 2 (experimental, comparison) mixed-model design was used to test the hypothesis that experimental participants would score significantly …

Prediction Of Childhood Externalizing Disorder Outcome: A Variable-Oriented And Person-Oriented Analysis Of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Data, Stephanie C. Cerutti

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The current study identified risk factors associated with childhood externalize disorders. Intervention outcomes of children that took part in a community-based, early childhood prevention project, Better Beginnings Better Futures, were studied longitudinally from Grade 3 to Grade 6. Three intervention sites in Ontario (Cornwall, n = 108; Sudbury, n = 134; Highfield, n = 131) and two matched comparison sites in Ontario (Ottawa-Vanier, n = 116; Etobicoke, n = 87) were examined. Risk factors examined at multiple levels of analysis, including the individual, family, and community levels of analysis, were considered. It was expected that higher risk children would respond …

Speeded Retrieval Abolishes The False Memory Suppression Effect: Evidence For The Distinctiveness Heuristic, C. S. Dodson, Amanda C. Gingerich

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

We examined two different accounts of why studying distinctive information reduces false memories within the DRM paradigm. The impoverished relational encoding account predicts that less memorial information, such as overall famililarity, is elicited by the critical lure after distinctive encoding than after non-distinctive encoding. By contrast, the distinctiveness heuristic predicts that participants use a deliberate retrieval strategy to withhold responding to the critical lures. This retrieval strategy refers to a decision rule whereby the absence of memory for expected distinctive information is taken as evidence for an event’s nonoccurrence. We show that the typical false recognition suppression effect only occurs …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Variability Hypothesis On Margaret F. Washburn's And Mary W. Calkins' Parodoxical Relations With Faculty In Their Graduate Programs, Ginger Hudson, Ann N. Elliott

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper offers a possible explanation for the paradoxical relations for two of psychology's 19th century female pioneers with faculty members in their graduate programs: Margaret F Washburn and James M. Cattell at Columbia University; and Mary W. Calkins and Hugo Munsterberg at Harvard University. Cattell's and Munsterberg's strong support and advocacy for these female graduate students appear contradictory to their general beliefs regarding women's intellectual capacities and pursuit of higher education. However, it is suggested that their views were, in fact, consistent with the variability hypothesis, which drew a sharp distinction between "average" and "exceptional" women. It is further …

Physiological And Psychological Responses To Stress In Elite Swimmers, Josie M. Jedick

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different amounts of outside stress on a group of 13 male and 12 female swimmers from Arizona State University who were involved in the same amount of exercise stress. It was hypothesized that high levels of outside stress in addition to the imposed training stress should correlate with more negative mood and with more health problems. It was also expected that the combination of these effects would contribute to a decline in performance. Several questionnaires were utilized to evaluate the defined variables of life event stress (Life Events Survey …

The Relationship Between Hypergender Ideology And Rape Empathy Among Male And Female College Students, Erin E. Okun, Suzaime L. Osman

Modern Psychological Studies

The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between hypergender ideology and rape empathy. A sample of 157 college students completed a questionnaire packet containing demographic variables, the Hypergender Ideology Scale (HOS) and the Rape Empathy Scale (RES). It was predicted that those indicating stronger adherence to extreme stereotypic gender roles would report more empathy for the perpetrator rather than the victim of rape. It was also predicted that men would show stronger adherence to stereotypic gender roles and less victim empathy than women. Results show significant support for all predictions. Discussion involves implications that the …

Unskilled-Unaware And The Role Of Defensive High Self-Esteem, Kim Wilson, Christine Smith

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between defensive high self-esteem and inability to recognize one's own incompetence. It is hypothesized that individuals displaying defensive high self-esteem will be most likely to show a high correlation between lack of skill and lack of awareness. Participants were assessed for defensive high self-esteem using the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The unskilled-unaware construct was identified through comparison of prediction versus actual performance on a curriculum-scheduled exam. The null was rejected at p = .01, indicating the likelihood that defensive self-esteem can or does play a …

Age And Cohort Differences In Flashbulb Memory, Jenny Denver

Modern Psychological Studies

Current research in autobiographical memory gives evidence of both a retention effect and a "reminiscence bump," as well as evidence of an agerelated decline in older adults' ability to vividly recall certain memories. The present study investigated the existence of an age-related decline and the reminiscence bump in flashbulb memories, which Brown and Kutik (1977) describe as detailed, vivid, and persistent memories for unexpected, emotional events. Participants from three age groups (n=220) were questioned about three potential flashbulb memory events (9 / 11, JFK's assassination, and Pearl Harbor). Younger adults had lengthier free recall accounts for 9/11 than middle-aged and …

Color's Influence On Short-Term Memory In Each Gender, Ryan W. Schroeder

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study evaluated links between gender and short-term memory using coloration of three groups of 12 stimuli: numbers, non-emotion based words, and nonsense syllables. The participants were undergraduate students enrolled at South Dakota State University.The participants viewed these colored stimuli and recalled as many as possible.Using a between subjects design, each group of participants was assigned a specific color.When interpreted with an ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests, neither gender nor color significantly altered recall of stimuli.

The Effects Of Perceived Authority On Suggestibility In Interrogation-Like Situations: A Pilot Study, Renae Kotas, Derek Dehne

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The effect of perceived authority on suggestibility was assessed. Two groups of participants were used, one receiving perceived authority and one receiving none. A military student dressed in fatigues administered the procedure to the first group and a civilian student in street clothes administered to the second. The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale was used to assess the suggestibility of each group. No significant difference between the groups was found.

Delivery Of Smoke Toxicants From Cigarettes Made In Developed And Developing Countries: A Comparison Of U.S. Full Flavor And Ultra Light Brands With Syrian Cigarettes, Lynn M. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Clinical research is needed to understand how cigarette toxicant yield affects smoker toxicant exposure. While there is much clinical research on yield and exposure in developed countries, there is little in developing countries. Forty smokers completed one, 4-hour session to compare yield and exposure of different cigarettes. Participants smoked three cigarettes under controlled topography conditions: one U.S. 111 flavor, one U.S. ultra light, and one Syrian cigarette, with 90 minutes between cigarettes. Sessions differed by Syrian brand; 21 participants smoked Alhamraa while 19 smoked A1 Sham cigarettes. Blood nicotine and breath CO samples were obtained, HR was monitored and subjective …

Parental Memory Predictors Of Children's Daily Diabetes Management And Metabolic Control, Sheryl J. Kent

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined, for the first time, specific links between parents' memory and children's diabetes behaviors and metabolic control. Data revealed that parental memory and responsibility predicted children's percentage of calories from fat and carbohydrates, and metabolic control, accounting for 7.3% of the variance in calories from fat and 18.5% of the variance in metabolic control for the total sample. These effects were stronger when limited to dietary behaviors of younger youth; parental memory accounted for 30.3% and 33.6% of the variance in percentage of calories from fat and carbohydrates, respectively, for younger children. Level of parent responsibility, with memory, …

Identifying And Managing University Assets: A Campus Study Of Portland State University, John Rueter, Talya N. Bauer

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Between 1994 and 1996, Portland State University (PSU) expanded the definition of scholarship used to assess and reward faculty. Three conditions facilitated this change. The first related to PSU's urban history, culture and values. This context allowed faculty to approach their teaching, learning, and community engagement in scholarly ways. The second condition involved external forces, which challenged PSU faculty to identify and use their intangible assets in the scholarship of teaching, integration, and application. The third condition was, and continues to be, university leadership. Leadership at PSU encourages the faculty to engage in institutional reflection and strategic planning from a …

The Influence Of Parenting Styles On The Development Of Moral Judgment In College Level Adolescents, Scott M. Hawkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project addresses the relationship between parenting styles and the development of moral judgment in college students enrolled in a four year private University in Central Virginia. The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which parenting styles are one of the "building blocks" for the development of moral judgment in adolescents. The instruments used are the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1988) and the Defining Issues Test - II (Rest, 1999). The researcher hypothesized that the levels of moral judgment found in college students who perceive that they were parented by parents utilizing an Authoritative parenting …

Julian Cecil Stanley Papers, Zach S. Henderson Library, Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection consists of the research materials of Johns Hopkins professor of psychology, Julian C. Stanley. Materials range from 1950-2005 and include his published reprints, abstracts, reports, letters, and seminar papers. The collection also includes reviews of research materials and articles by prominent psychologists in similar fields.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Medial Temporal Lobe Activity For Recognition Of Recent And Remote Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, Kelli Douville, John L. Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Sarah K. Miller, Catherine L. Leveroni, Kristy A. Nielson, Malgorzata Franczak, Piero Antuono, Stephen M. Rao

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Previous neuroimaging studies examining recognition of famous faces have identified activation of an extensive bilateral neural network [Gorno Tempini, M. L., Price, C. J., Josephs, O., Vandenberghe, R., Cappa, S. F., Kapur, N. et al. (1998). The neural systems sustaining face and proper-name processing. Brain, 121, 2103–2118], including the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and specifically the hippocampal complex [Haist, F., Bowden, G. J., & Mao, H. (2001). Consolidation of human memory over decades revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1139–1145; Leveroni, C. L., Seidenberg, M., Mayer, A. R., Mead, L. A., Binder, J. R., & Rao, S. …