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2004

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Articles 421 - 450 of 654

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Women's Perceptions Of Safety : Cctv In An Inner City Setting, Kate Hancock Jan 2004

Women's Perceptions Of Safety : Cctv In An Inner City Setting, Kate Hancock

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

To date, most research on closed circuit television (CCTV) has come out of the United Kingdom (UK) where the growth of CCTV has reached immense proportions with wide support and funding from the Home Office. There are 33 systems operating in Australia, with the focus of this research on the first system installed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991. There is a dearth of information on CCTV in Australia, and little research looking at the link between CCTV, women’s safety and fear of crime. The literature on fear of crime shows that women are more fearful than men even though …

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Psychological And Neuropsychological Correlates Of Postconcussional Disorder, Joy Helena Wymer Jan 2004

Psychological And Neuropsychological Correlates Of Postconcussional Disorder, Joy Helena Wymer

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Chronic symptoms of Postconcussional Disorder (PCD) occur in a significant minority of mild brain injury patients. The latest research suggests an interactionistic perspective as the most logical and empirically supported pathogenesis for the development and maintenance of PCD. The interactionistic perspective implicates organic factors in the development of acute symptoms of PCD, and psychological factors in the maintenance of chronic symptoms. Possible psychological factors relevant in the maintenance of PCD symptoms include a grief response, a coping hypothesis, and the development of dysfunctional coping loops. Providing support for a psychological etiology of symptom maintenance is research indicating reduction of chronic …

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The Effect Of Testing Location And Task Complexity On Usability Testing Performance And User-Reported Stress Levels, Chris Andrzejczak Jan 2004

The Effect Of Testing Location And Task Complexity On Usability Testing Performance And User-Reported Stress Levels, Chris Andrzejczak

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

Usability testing is becoming a more important part of the software design process. New methods allow remote usability testing to occur. Remote testing can be less costly and allow more data to be collected in less time in many cases, provided the user can still provide meaningful data. However, little is known about differences in the user experience between the two testing methods. In an effort to find differences in user experience between remote and traditional website usability testing, this study randomly assigned participants into two groups, one completing a usability test in a traditional lab setting, while the other …

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Personality Characteristics Of Bulimic Behavior In College Women Analyzed With The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Lori Lyn Anderson Jan 2004

Personality Characteristics Of Bulimic Behavior In College Women Analyzed With The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Lori Lyn Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Eating disorders are a growing phenomenon in today's society, and adolescent women are prime candidates for this disorder. The present research study is designed to analyze bulimic behavior in college age women by administrating the Eating Disorder Inventory- 2 (Gamer, 1991), specifically focusing on the bulimia sub scale of this self-reported inventory. The purpose of the study is to measure specialized temperamental characteristics of persons demonstrating bulimic behavior as analyzed using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (Myers-Briggs & McCaulley, 1986). The researcher surveyed 221 women from psychology classes at a private Midwest university, and each woman completed both the Eating …

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The Effects Of Operator Trust, Complacency Potential, And Task Complexity On Monitoring A Highly Reliable Automated System, Nathan R. Bailey Jan 2004

The Effects Of Operator Trust, Complacency Potential, And Task Complexity On Monitoring A Highly Reliable Automated System, Nathan R. Bailey

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Technological advances have allowed for widespread implementation of automation in complex systems. However, the increase in quantity and complexity of advanced automated systems has raised a number of potential concerns including degraded monitoring skills. The present investigation consisted of two studies that assessed the impact of system reliability, complacency potential, monitoring complexity, operator trust, and system experience on monitoring performance. In both studies, participants monitored a simulated aviation display for failures while operating a manually controlled flight task. In addition, the second experiment assessed the ability of operators to detect a single automation failure over three experimental sessions. Results indicated …

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The Psychological Contract Of Multiple Agency Relationships: Understanding The Attitudes And Behaviors Of Contractors, Cynthia J. Maahs Jan 2004

The Psychological Contract Of Multiple Agency Relationships: Understanding The Attitudes And Behaviors Of Contractors, Cynthia J. Maahs

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Previous research offers inconsistent findings with respect to attitude and behavior differences for contingent and permanent workers. The current study proposes the psychological contract as an explanatory framework for understanding differences between contractors and regular employees. The hypotheses examined attitudinal and behavioral measures: organizational commitment, job satisfaction, intent to quit, job performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The two components of the psychological contract (relational vs. transactional) were thought to impact differentially the outcome measures. Approximately 650 employees in a technology contracting organization completed an on-line survey designed to test the hypotheses. The two-factor structure of psychological contract was confirmed and …

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Creating Individual Behavior Change Through 360-Degree Feedback: A Development Pipeline Perspective, Victoria Cole Stage Jan 2004

Creating Individual Behavior Change Through 360-Degree Feedback: A Development Pipeline Perspective, Victoria Cole Stage

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Ensuring that individuals develop new and more productive behaviors on the job is a challenge for many organizations and a focus of time, effort, and energy spent on programs to facilitate this change. This research was an effort to validate and utilize a framework for understanding how efforts toward individual development are restricted. To do this, I used a new 360-degree feedback instrument called “Time 2 Change” that measures self, manager, direct report, and peer/colleague perceptions of change in the individual. This instrument also measures the individual's perceptions of development enablers, in a framework called a Development Pipeline. As a …

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Comparisons Among Parent Reports And Self-Reports Of Sleep In Adhd And Normal School-Aged Children, Diana M. Turner-Eadie Jan 2004

Comparisons Among Parent Reports And Self-Reports Of Sleep In Adhd And Normal School-Aged Children, Diana M. Turner-Eadie

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The objective of the study was to investigate whether school-aged children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience greater sleep disturbance than do normally-developing children. Participants included 33 parents and their children with ADHD (mean age = 10.7 ± 1.7 years) and 33 parents and their children without ADHD (mean age = 10.7 ± 1.6 years). Both parents and their children completed sleep questionnaires developed to assess a number of sleep variables. Based on parental report, the Total Sleep Disturbance score was significantly greater for the ADHD group than for the comparison group. Parents indicated that children with ADHD had …

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The Relationship Among Disclosure, Internalized Homophobia, Religiosity, And Psychological Well-Being In A Lesbian Population, Sharon Lyn Clayman Jan 2004

The Relationship Among Disclosure, Internalized Homophobia, Religiosity, And Psychological Well-Being In A Lesbian Population, Sharon Lyn Clayman

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship among disclosure, internalized homophobia, and religiosity in a lesbian population and how these three variables are related to psychological well-being in order to build upon the scant amount of empirical research on these variables in the lesbian psychological literature. A total of 679 women, 18 to 70 years old, and from all across the country were recruited via the internet to participate in a web-based survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Lesbian Internalized Homophobia Scale (Szymanski & Chung, 2001), the Outness Inventory (Mohr & Fassinger, 2000), the Behavioral Self-Disclosure Questionnaire (Carroll & Gilroy, 2000), …

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Improving Functional Assessment With Computer-Based Data Collection And Analysis Software, Rebecca May Jan 2004

Improving Functional Assessment With Computer-Based Data Collection And Analysis Software, Rebecca May

Masters Theses

Many students exhibit behavior problems in the classroom that can negatively affect academic performance and social/emotional functioning if not identified and appropriately accommodated (Sugai, Lewis-Palmer, and Hagan, 1998; Scott, DeSimone, Fowler, and Webb, 2000). In order to combat the increasing number of students with behavior problems, an efficient means of assessing and treating problem behavior is warranted (Nelson and Johnson, 1996). Traditional observation methods are limited in the number of behaviors recordable and elaborateness of data analysis (Sharpe and Koperwas, 2001), and do not lend themselves to direct treatment development (Nelson, Roberts, Bullis, Albers, and Ohland, n.d.). Computer-based data collection …

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Low Stress Algorithms For Children With Difficulty In Mathematics, Amanda B. Boyer Jan 2004

Low Stress Algorithms For Children With Difficulty In Mathematics, Amanda B. Boyer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of low-stress algorithms with third and fourth grade students who struggle with mathematics. It is important to study mathematics interventions because math is a neglected area of research (Gersten & Chard, 1999). This research examined the effectiveness of low-stress addition and subtraction instruction for low-achieving students compared to a control group of students receiving traditional instruction in the regular classroom. Additionally, half of the students in the experimental group (low-stress) self-monitored the number of problems they correctly completed. Results indicate that low-stress addition did not result in an increased number …

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An Examination Of Explanatory Models, Coping Methods, And Help-Seeking Methods Among Individuals With Social Phobia, Brooke Jasmine Dibello Jan 2004

An Examination Of Explanatory Models, Coping Methods, And Help-Seeking Methods Among Individuals With Social Phobia, Brooke Jasmine Dibello

Masters Theses

In this pilot study, explanatory models, coping methods, and help seeking behaviors among individuals with social phobia were explored using in-depth interviews. Participants were ten female college students with probable social phobia. Researchers created a coding manual to investigate the qualitative data by organizing it into categories. Coders were trained to utilize the coding manual, which explored several factors such as name for social anxiety, explanatory models, perceived level of severity, coping methods, and appraisals of coping methods. Contributions of this study are a semi-structured help-seeking interview, coding manual, and rich data. Although the results were inconclusive, this study provides …

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Gender And Ethnic Biases In Personality Disorder Diagnostic Criteria, Danna Frantz Jan 2004

Gender And Ethnic Biases In Personality Disorder Diagnostic Criteria, Danna Frantz

Masters Theses

The present study examined gender biases, ethnic biases, and interaction effects within the DSM-IV-TR Clusters A and B Personality Disorder (PD) criteria. One of the principal controversies of the DSM-IV-TR involves the diagnosis of PDs. The diagnostic criteria have been considered to be subjective, making PDs hard to diagnose, yet easy to misdiagnose. In Phase I, examination of Cluster B PDs, there were 89 female and 31 male participants and in Phase II, examination of Cluster A PDs, there were 60 females and 60 males from introductory psychology courses. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and viewed a PowerPoint presentation depicting …

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The Relationship Between College Year And Depressive Symptoms For University Students, Erik Michael Levinson Jan 2004

The Relationship Between College Year And Depressive Symptoms For University Students, Erik Michael Levinson

Masters Theses

The goal of the present study was to examine how gender and grade level relate to depressive symptoms in a sample of university students. Based on previous research, it was expected that students in their first year of college would report more depressive symptoms than nonfreshmen, women would report more depression than men, and that female students in their first year of college would have the highest scores on a depression inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck, 1979) was completed by 131 freshmen and 114 nonfreshmen at a Midwestern university. The final sample included 188 women and 57 men, …

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Distinct Group Differences And Discriminant Validity Of The Adjustment Scales For Children And Adolescents: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Versus Conduct Disorder, James Richard White Jan 2004

Distinct Group Differences And Discriminant Validity Of The Adjustment Scales For Children And Adolescents: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Versus Conduct Disorder, James Richard White

Masters Theses

The present study examined the distinct group differences and discriminant validity of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA; McDermott, Marston, & Stott, 1993). Participants included 37 children in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Thirty children met DISC-IV/DSM-IV criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and 7 met DISC-IV/DSM-IV criteria for Conduct Disorder. Participants were classified based on the results of the DISC-IV parent interview administered by school psychology interns. The teacher completed the ASCA when the student was initially referred. Results of the present study provided further support for the discriminant validity of the ASCA. The results of the MANOVA …

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The Effects Of Hard Rock Music On Aggression In College Students, Jacqueline Goos Jan 2004

The Effects Of Hard Rock Music On Aggression In College Students, Jacqueline Goos

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The aggression levels of college students was measured after listening to either a hard rock song. The Used's (2002) Maybe Memories, or an upbeat jazz song, Scott Joplin's (1899) The Entertainer. Each song was edited into the background of a neutral video of the South Dakota State University campus. After viewing the short film clip, a modified version of the Buss and Durkee's (1981) Hostility Inventory was completed. The name of the inventory was changed to "Aspects of Personality" to reduce potential bias. The results of this study do not show that hard rock music increased college students' aggression level.

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The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 02 Jan 2004

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 02

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 2.

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The Effects Of Perceived Disability On The Helping Behavior Of Strangers, Alison E. Finstad Jan 2004

The Effects Of Perceived Disability On The Helping Behavior Of Strangers, Alison E. Finstad

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The study investigated the effects of perceived disability on the helping behavior of strangers. The investigators, one male and one female, appeared as either disabled or non-disabled, while unknowingly dropping their keys in front of a stranger. The investigators demonstrated three levels of need: no need/ no disability, in which the investigator did not appear in need or disabled; in need/ no disability, in which the investigator carried bags of groceries to appear "in need"; and disabled, in which the investigator used crutches and wore a leg cast. Eighteen randomly selected male and female participants were chosen based on convenience. …

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Program Contents Influence On Effectiveness Of Advertising, Sonja Bliss, Doug Boe Jan 2004

Program Contents Influence On Effectiveness Of Advertising, Sonja Bliss, Doug Boe

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The hypothesis for this study was that program content would have an effect on a person's ability to recall commercials contained in that program. One hundred and seventy-six college students viewed one of three types of programs: a neutral program, a sexually explicit program, or a program that contained vulgarity. All three programs contained the same commercials. Free recall of commercials and cued recall of commercials was assessed. Program content was shown to have a significant effect on the number of commercials freely recalled and the total number of commercials recalled, thus supporting the hypothesis. Today, advertising is a huge …

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Effect Of Instruction Type On Successful Completion Of A Task, Trevor A. Clements, Charles Norton Jan 2004

Effect Of Instruction Type On Successful Completion Of A Task, Trevor A. Clements, Charles Norton

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Instructions play a valuable part in modern society, but their effectiveness is often questioned. In this study, 33 undergraduate students completed a series of simple Lego® tasks using three forms of instructional methods. Step-by-step instructions consisting of written instructions, pictorial instructions, or a combination of the two were tested. The number of correctly completed steps and total time taken for each task was collected. Although there was no difference in accuracy with pictorial or combined instruction types, both written and combined instruction types resulted in greater accuracy. No difference between the pictorial and combined instructions could be found, however. The …

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Olfactory Recognition In Couples, Kristin R. Demars, Joshua M. Seezs Jan 2004

Olfactory Recognition In Couples, Kristin R. Demars, Joshua M. Seezs

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The present study is an attempt to examine if couples can recognize the body odor of their significant other in a t-shirt worn for two days. Nine couples were in the experimental group (couples who had been dating at least six months), while the control group consisted of eight women and seven men (strangers to each other at the beginning of the study). The hypothesis that previous experience improves correct olfactory identification was not supported. When compared to women in the control group, men in the control group were better at recognizing their own shirt. When compared to men in …

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Agree Or Not Agree? The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Processes In Group Disagreements, Matthew A. Cronin, Katerina Bezrukova, Laurie R. Weingart, Catherine Tinsley Jan 2004

Agree Or Not Agree? The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Processes In Group Disagreements, Matthew A. Cronin, Katerina Bezrukova, Laurie R. Weingart, Catherine Tinsley

Psychology

We develop and test a theoretical framework for understanding how cognitive and affective processes (cognitive and affective integration) influence the way in which disagreements (task and process) among group members affect their performance (individual and group level performance). We use this framework to explain how and why diversity may be either beneficial or detrimental to group process and outcomes. Specifically, we examine how group faultlines may hinder members' ability to create a shared understanding of the problem (cognitive integration) and a shared motivation to synthesize their knowledge (affective integration). If this happens, then groups will fail to share and process …

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A Cognitive Look At Sexual Inhibition: Are The Notions Of Cognitive Inhibition And Sexual Inhibition The Same?, Kimberly Claire Bell Jan 2004

A Cognitive Look At Sexual Inhibition: Are The Notions Of Cognitive Inhibition And Sexual Inhibition The Same?, Kimberly Claire Bell

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Resources For Forensic Psychology., Ellen A. Sexton Jan 2004

Resources For Forensic Psychology., Ellen A. Sexton

Publications and Research

Libraries supporting a forensic psychology undergraduate and/or graduate level college program need to collect materials from a range of disciplines – psychology, law, psychiatry and criminal justice. In this guide I identify the major reference works, journals, databases and other resources that should be in a good forensic psychology collection.

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Spatial Updating Of Virtual Displays During Self- And Display Rotation, Maryjane Wraga, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Dennis R. Proffitt Jan 2004

Spatial Updating Of Virtual Displays During Self- And Display Rotation, Maryjane Wraga, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Dennis R. Proffitt

Psychology: Faculty Publications

In four experiments, we examined observers' ability to locate objects in virtual displays while rotating to new perspectives. In Experiment 1, participants updated the locations of previously seen landmarks in a display while rotating themselves to new views (viewer task) or while rotating the display itself (display task). Updating was faster and more accurate in the viewer task than in the display task. In Experiment 2, we compared updating performance during active and passive self-rotation. Participants rotated themselves in a swivel chair (active task) or were rotated in the chair by the experimenter (passive task). A minimal advantage was found …

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Improving Implicit Beliefs And Expectations In Academic Achievement For Postsecondary Students With Disabilities, Kelly B.T. Chang Jan 2004

Improving Implicit Beliefs And Expectations In Academic Achievement For Postsecondary Students With Disabilities, Kelly B.T. Chang

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

In this article, the author introduces the sociocognitive theory of implicit theories of intelligence (developed by Carol S. Dweck and her colleagues) to the field of rehabilitation, and analyzes disability issues in postsecondary academic achievement within this framework. This sociocognitive theory highlights the utility of the social model of disability. People hold two types of implicit beliefs about intelligence. An entity belief can lead to helplessness and negative self-concepts in the face of failure, because it focuses on labels and stable traits. An incremental belief leads to greater resilience in the face of failure by focusing on strategy and effort …

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Development Of A New Measure Of Men's Objectification Of Women: Factor Structure Test Retest Validity, Paul Curran '04 Jan 2004

Development Of A New Measure Of Men's Objectification Of Women: Factor Structure Test Retest Validity, Paul Curran '04

Honors Projects

Objectification involves treating individuals on the basis of their external rather than internal features. This study focused on the continued construction and development of an individual difference measure of men's objectification of women. Our measure was meant to quantify and define the idea of objectification. The first part of this study (Zolot, 2003), completed last year, created the initial item pool of 66 items and a four-factor structure for our measure. In this study we refined our measure based on previous factor analysis and added new items in order to extend and clarify these factors and test ideas about sexual …

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Father Versus Stranger Face Discrimination By The Human Infant: A Case Study, Erin L. White '04 Jan 2004

Father Versus Stranger Face Discrimination By The Human Infant: A Case Study, Erin L. White '04

Honors Projects

The ability of infants to discriminate and recognize faces gained recent attention; however, much of the research focused on discrimination of the mother's face from a female stranger's face. This study examined father versus stranger face discrimination using an operant sucking procedure, in which images of fathers and strangers were presented on a computer monitor contingent upon the sucking responses of the infant. Discrimination was determined by computing the difference in the number of responses for each face. Results indicated that 3 infants under the age of 4 months discriminated the father's image from the image of a stranger, consistent …

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Behavioral Theory Of Timing Applied To A Drl-Limited Hold Procedure, Jill Skarvan '04 Jan 2004

Behavioral Theory Of Timing Applied To A Drl-Limited Hold Procedure, Jill Skarvan '04

Honors Projects

The behavioral theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988) holds that animals use behavioral tasks, called adjunctive behaviors, to aid them in timing intervals. Several studies have supported this theory, however the majority of these studies have been correlational. The present study used an experimental approach to manipulate the presence of adjunctive behavior. Rats responded on two DRL limited-hold procedures in which subjects must wait a certain time interval before responding; early responses were not reinforced and reset the clock. In addition, the animal had a specific interval of time in which to make a response; late responses were not …

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The Sibling Study: How Does Having A Sibling With A Mental Disorder Affect The Lives Of College Students, Anna Czipri '04 Jan 2004

The Sibling Study: How Does Having A Sibling With A Mental Disorder Affect The Lives Of College Students, Anna Czipri '04

Honors Projects

Although there are many positive outcomes of growing up with a sibling having a psychological or behavioral disorder, typical siblings can potentially experience harmful effects of managing and coping with the special demands and stresses of having a sibling with these kinds of difficulties. The college years are often a time to restructure sibling relationships. It is a time when young adults experience what it is like to be away from home for the first time, develop new groups of friends, and start new behavior patterns, attitudes, goals, and relationships that call for a more mature individual. The current study …

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