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1997

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Articles 421 - 450 of 490

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

A Comparison Between Afro-American And White College Student's Attitudes Toward Suicide, Christina M. Mentes Jan 1997

A Comparison Between Afro-American And White College Student's Attitudes Toward Suicide, Christina M. Mentes

Masters Theses

The rate of suicide in the United States has increased considerably in recent years making research of suicidal behaviors an important avenue of study. Yet the rate of increase has been inconsistent across demographic variables such as gender, age, and ethnicity, making it difficult to determine risk factors and predictors of suicidal behavior. Previous studies have conflicting results as to whether or not it is possible to determine risk factors by measuring attitudes towards suicide, and whether or not certain demographic variables correlate with attitudes toward suicidal behavior. This study investigates attitudes toward suicidal behavior and demographic variables in order …


The Relationship Between Social Skills, Social Phobia And Behavior Disorders In Adolescents, Kristin A. Lavery Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Social Skills, Social Phobia And Behavior Disorders In Adolescents, Kristin A. Lavery

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Among Family Environment Attributes, Personological Factors, Low Self-Esteem And Late Adolescent Problem Drinking, Kenneth L. Dalla Costa Jan 1997

The Relationship Among Family Environment Attributes, Personological Factors, Low Self-Esteem And Late Adolescent Problem Drinking, Kenneth L. Dalla Costa

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.


Referral Biases In The Schools, Camela P. Hayes Jan 1997

Referral Biases In The Schools, Camela P. Hayes

Masters Theses

Biases influencing teachers' referral decisions for special education services were examined. Specific biases identified and addressed pertained to students' type of problem behavior, gender and socio-economic status (SES). Subjects included 120 regular elementary school teachers from the western Chicagoland area. A total of 8 vignettes describing a child with varying behavior difficulties, gender and SES, along with 2 questionnaires were utilized. An Analysis of Variance revealed that teachers are less tolerant of students who are disruptive and are more apt to refer them than students with emotional difficulties less overt in their manifestation. The effects of SES on referral decisions …


An Exploratory Study Of High School And College Students Attitudes Toward Suicide, Kathy Jo Carroccio Jan 1997

An Exploratory Study Of High School And College Students Attitudes Toward Suicide, Kathy Jo Carroccio

Masters Theses

The present study examined whether demographics such as education level, age, gender, religious background, and experience with suicide affected individuals attitudes toward suicide with 93 college students. The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was used to assess attitudes including: acceptability-normality; mental & moral illness; suicide as semi-serious; religion; risk; and normality. The Suicide Attitude Vignette Experience (SAVE) was used to measure attitudes toward a number of different problem areas. Church attendance was the best predictor of an individual's attitude toward suicide. Females scored higher, but not significantly so, on the sympathy, empathy, and agree scales of the SAVE. College students viewed …


The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva Jan 1997

The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex guilt and communication were related to condom use. Past research has examined variables that affect condom use and has found that individuals who communicate more about sexual matters, and individuals who have low sex guilt, have been found to use condoms/contraceptives more consistently. This study examined sex guilt and communication and how they predict condom use. The participants were 80 female undergraduates recruited from psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University. Mosher's revised Sex Guilt Inventory and Catania's Health Protective Communication Scale were administered along with a question that assessed condom …


The Effects Of Timing And Type Of Judge's Instructions And Jurors' Beliefs On Verdicts And Sentence In A Child Sexual Assault Trial, Dawn R. (Campbell) Goldstein Jan 1997

The Effects Of Timing And Type Of Judge's Instructions And Jurors' Beliefs On Verdicts And Sentence In A Child Sexual Assault Trial, Dawn R. (Campbell) Goldstein

Masters Theses

In order to investigate the effect of judge's instructions and juror beliefs, eighty-three undergraduate males enrolled in psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University participated in a simulated sexual abuse trial. Participants either heard standard instructions in which the judge instructed jurors to decide guilt or innocence based on evidence alone or standard instructions plus information regarding children's limitations as witnesses. Instructions occurred either after testimony or before and after testimony. Certainty of guilt was unrelated to either the timing or type of instructions. However with regard to sentence, there was a significant interaction between timing of instructions and type of …


The Comparison Of The Academic And Behavioral Characteristics Of Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Children With Learning Disabilities, Leah R. Pace Jan 1997

The Comparison Of The Academic And Behavioral Characteristics Of Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Children With Learning Disabilities, Leah R. Pace

Masters Theses

This study investigated the differences of academic and behavioral characteristics of children with a suggested history of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and children with learning disabilities (LD). Parents were given a survey which asked about their child's history of any blow or hit to the head. Teachers were also given a survey which included a rating scale for specific academic and behavioral characteristics. Results indicated that the MTBI group was not different from the LD group. However, there was a significant difference between those children who had a blow or hit to the head that resulted in a loss …


Relations Of Burnout To Elementary School Teachers, Special Education Beliefs, And Referral Expectations, Nichole A. Ledermann Jan 1997

Relations Of Burnout To Elementary School Teachers, Special Education Beliefs, And Referral Expectations, Nichole A. Ledermann

Masters Theses

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach, Jackson, & Schwab, 1996), a teacher survey of expectations and preferences concerning case study evaluation referral, and demographic questions were completed by regular education elementary school teachers (n=88) in a midwestern city suburb. Results suggested that symptoms of burnout were not evident among this sample of professionals according to Maslach et al. (1996) criteria. Spearman Rho correlations between the MBI subscales and expectations or preferences to have students referred, tested and placed into special education services were not significant. Significant correlations were replicated among the subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results suggested that …


Young Children's Talk At Play: Orientation To Self And Orientation To The Joint Exigencies Of Conversation, Paige K. Parker Jan 1997

Young Children's Talk At Play: Orientation To Self And Orientation To The Joint Exigencies Of Conversation, Paige K. Parker

Masters Theses

This study employed a conversation analytic approach to determine how children in naturally constructed play episodes use language as an object of play and how children in their naturally occurring talk display orientation to their own individual activities and others' social actions. The participants were thirty-nine kindergarten and first grade students at South Elementary School in Marshall, Illinois. The study is based upon fifteen hours of conversation collected during recess periods. Relevant segments from the corpus were transcribed according to an adapted version of Jefferson's Transcript Notation System (1984). The findings suggested that (1) the groups of children used language …


Sociotropy And Autonomy As Moderators Of The Effect Of Negative Life Events On Depression: A Test Of The Congruency Hypothesis, My Hanh T. Nguyen Jan 1997

Sociotropy And Autonomy As Moderators Of The Effect Of Negative Life Events On Depression: A Test Of The Congruency Hypothesis, My Hanh T. Nguyen

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Reducing Negative Social Stereotypes: An Examination Of Predictive Empathy, Jennifer Rose Sheagren Jan 1997

Reducing Negative Social Stereotypes: An Examination Of Predictive Empathy, Jennifer Rose Sheagren

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Perceived Barriers To Career Choice: Relations To Socioeconomic Status And Career Aspirations, Brian A. Altman Jan 1997

Perceived Barriers To Career Choice: Relations To Socioeconomic Status And Career Aspirations, Brian A. Altman

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Family Rituals 1960s & 1990s, Angeline Becker Jan 1997

Family Rituals 1960s & 1990s, Angeline Becker

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Between Control-Based Personality Variables And Transportation Attitudes And Behavior, Cynthia F. Britton Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Control-Based Personality Variables And Transportation Attitudes And Behavior, Cynthia F. Britton

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Parental Overprotection And Autonomy In Pre-Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Sharon Z. Johnson Jan 1997

Parental Overprotection And Autonomy In Pre-Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Sharon Z. Johnson

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Prejudice Toward Fat People: The Development And Validation Of The Antifat Attitudes Test, Robin J. Lewis, Thomas F. Cash, Lora Jacobi, Cristina Bubb-Lewis Jan 1997

Prejudice Toward Fat People: The Development And Validation Of The Antifat Attitudes Test, Robin J. Lewis, Thomas F. Cash, Lora Jacobi, Cristina Bubb-Lewis

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although the stigma of obesity in our society is well documented, the measurement of antifat attitudes has been a difficult undertaking, Two studies were conducted to construct and validate the Antifat Attitudes Test (AFAT), In study 1, college students (110 men and 175 women) completed the preliminary 54-item AFAT and specific indices of body image and weight-related concerns, Psychometric and factor analysis revealed a 47-item composite scale and three internally consistent factors that were uncorrelated with social desirability: Social/Character Disparagement, Physical/Romantic Unattractiveness, and Weight Control/Blame. Several body image correlates of antifat prejudice were identified, and men expressed more negative attitudes …


The Effects Of Parental Involvement, Structure, And Autonomy Support On Children’S Help-Seeking And Problem-Solving Coping In School, Ronald Wayne Yoder Jan 1997

The Effects Of Parental Involvement, Structure, And Autonomy Support On Children’S Help-Seeking And Problem-Solving Coping In School, Ronald Wayne Yoder

Dissertations and Theses

The effect of parenting on children's coping in school was investigated. Sixhundred and twelve children in grades three to five provided self-reports on four ways of coping, including help-seeking, concealment, strategizing and confusion, and the parenting dimensions of involvement, structure, and autonomy support. Psychometric analyses conducted on each dimension of parenting, resulted in reducing the number of parenting variables to two: involvement and structure/autonomy support. Correlational analyses found the predicted relations between children's experiences of parenting and their ways of coping in school. Multiple regressions indicated that only unique (positive) predictor of the two positive ways of coping (help-seeking and …


What Does The Client See? A Review Of Psychotherapists' Nonverbal Behavior, Iris Taber Jan 1997

What Does The Client See? A Review Of Psychotherapists' Nonverbal Behavior, Iris Taber

Modern Psychological Studies

Nonverbal communication between a psychotherapist and a mental health consumer is an extremely powerful tool in the course of psychotherapy. Clients generally assume therapists attend to their nonverbals but therapists may be unaware of the extent to which their nonverbals influence therapy. This paper examines the influence of the therapist's nonverbals on the therapeutic relationship. In research conducted by Davis & Hadiks (1994) using the Nonverbal Interaction and States Analysis (NISA), client and therapist movements were compared and rated on the same scale. These data indicated that body position patterns facilitated the development of rapport and self-disclosure in a therapy …


Predictions Of Urban, Ethnically Diverse, Early School-Age Children's Academic Achievement Using A Neuropsychological Screening Battery, Stephen R. Clingerman Jan 1997

Predictions Of Urban, Ethnically Diverse, Early School-Age Children's Academic Achievement Using A Neuropsychological Screening Battery, Stephen R. Clingerman

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Patterns Of Attachment And Caregiving Among Low-Income African American Families, Belinda E. Sims-Stanford Jan 1997

Patterns Of Attachment And Caregiving Among Low-Income African American Families, Belinda E. Sims-Stanford

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Women's Self-Defense Training: An Applied Analysis Of Self-Efficacy Theory, Margit Cox Henderson Jan 1997

Women's Self-Defense Training: An Applied Analysis Of Self-Efficacy Theory, Margit Cox Henderson

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


The Effects Of Personality Factors On Value Change In An Inpatient Psychiatric Setting, Paul Yavornitzky Jan 1997

The Effects Of Personality Factors On Value Change In An Inpatient Psychiatric Setting, Paul Yavornitzky

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Testing A Model Of Degree Progress Among African-American Graduate Students, Mary F. Toliver Jan 1997

Testing A Model Of Degree Progress Among African-American Graduate Students, Mary F. Toliver

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Of Supervision To Trainee Self Efficacy And Patient Involvement In Therapy, Jessica A. Golub Jan 1997

The Relationship Of Supervision To Trainee Self Efficacy And Patient Involvement In Therapy, Jessica A. Golub

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Control, Competence, Action, And Outcome: A Model Of Perceived Control, David Michael Njus Jan 1997

Control, Competence, Action, And Outcome: A Model Of Perceived Control, David Michael Njus

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Understanding The Career Aspirations Of African American Male Adolescents: An Investigation Of The Achievement Motivation, Parenting And Peer Support Components, Malcolm E. Anderson Jan 1997

Understanding The Career Aspirations Of African American Male Adolescents: An Investigation Of The Achievement Motivation, Parenting And Peer Support Components, Malcolm E. Anderson

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Understanding Freshman Attrition Using Person-Environment Fit Theory, Jennifer Howard Brockway Jan 1997

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Understanding Freshman Attrition Using Person-Environment Fit Theory, Jennifer Howard Brockway

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Woman Abuse: Psychologists' Attributions, Expectations, And Treatment Recommendations, Mary L. Wandrei Jan 1997

Woman Abuse: Psychologists' Attributions, Expectations, And Treatment Recommendations, Mary L. Wandrei

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Early Heterosexual Risk Among Urban African American Preadolescents: A Developmental Perspective, Gregory Louis Greenwood Jan 1997

Early Heterosexual Risk Among Urban African American Preadolescents: A Developmental Perspective, Gregory Louis Greenwood

Dissertations

No abstract provided.