Psychology Commons^™

Impact Of Attachment Style On Disclosure Of Traumatic Events, Jo-Anne Leslie Mcdonald

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Researchers have suggested that differences occur among attachment styles in willingness to self-disclose to a relationship partner. The present study investigated relationships between a four-category model of attachment, the actual disclosure of a traumatic event, and the reasons for and against disclosure. Participants in the survey were 268 female college student volunteers. In this self-report study, attachment group members were compared on 15 subscales, focusing on categories of reasons for and against disclosure. Differences in actual disclosure among attachment groups were not found. However, significant differences were observed between groups in reasons for and against disclosure on the following subscales: …

A Comparison Of Self-Generated Task Strategies And Explicitly-Provided Task Strategies In The Context Of Goal Setting, Jonathan Edward Turner

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

By using a complex, managerial, decision-making simulation, the longitudinal effects of self-generated task strategies as compared to explicitly-provided strategies and no strategies were investigated in the context of goal setting. The simulation placed participants in the role of a hypothetical manager for a furniture manufacturing organization. The task of the participants was to assign several employees to different jobs dealing with weekly work orders for the manufacturing of specific pieces of furniture. Participants were also asked to make decisions regarding the setting of performance goals for these employees, providing feedback, and allocating rewards. A sample of 120 college students was …

Emotional And Sexual Dating Infidelity As A Function Of Gender Relationship Quality And Parental Influence, Melinda Jeanene Swager

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study addressed dating infidelity attitudes and behaviors among college students involved in romantic relationships. Both emotional and sexual components of infidelity were analyzed. A gender difference emerged, with men being more accepting of dating infidelity and engaging in dating infidelity more often than women. Among both genders, however, attitudes were positively associated with behaviors. It was hypothesized that the following variables would predict dating infidelity: relationship satisfaction, relationship commitment, family structure, interparental conflict, parent-child relationship quality, and a young adult's knowledge of his or her parent's infidelity. Attitudes were found to predict behaviors. Relationship satisfaction and commitment were also …

Information-Seeking Behavior Of Multicultural Students: A Case Study At San Jose State University, Mengxiong Liu, Bernice Redfern

Faculty and Staff Publications

In 1995 a survey was conducted on the campus of San Jose State University where, for the first time, so-called minorities made up 50.7 percent of the total student population. Asian students compose the largest group among other ethnic groups. The study shows that students who use English as their primary language are usually more successful in using the library than those who use English as a second language. Length of stay in the United States also affects how often students use the library, as well as their behavior in asking reference questions. The survey found that Asian students are …

Acculturation In Relation To Somatization And Mental Health Attitudes Among Asian Americans, Natasha A. E. Wong

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

A total of 98 Asian Americans completed surveys which consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA), the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Pearson correlations were conducted between acculturation and the four subscales of the ATSPPHS, acculturation and somatization as indicated by the somatic items on the SCL-90-R, and somatization and the four subscales of the ATSPPHS. Significant negative correlations were found between acculturation and somatization, and somatization and the interpersonal openness subscale of the ATSPPHS. A significant positive correlation was also found between acculturation and the interpersonal …

Groundcrew Coordination Training: An Application Of Team Training To Aviation Ramp Activities, I. Benjamin Sian

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Crew Resource Management (CRM) training has been used effectively in civilian and military aviation to improve flight safety and reduce mishaps. Aircrew Coordination Training (ACT), the Navy's version of CRM, has had similar effects. An examination of aviation ground mishaps by the Naval Safety Center revealed that the same team coordination breakdowns affecting aircrews were impacting groundcrews. In order to explore the viability of team training for aviation ground personnel, two studies were conducted to test the generalizability of the existing ACT program in a maintenance context. Specifically, "Groundcrew Coordination" Training (GCT) was tailored for training flight line personnel who …

A Comparison Of Coping Styles And Body Image Of Abused And Non-Abused Women, Laura Elizabeth Brown

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study compared body image, patterns of coping, and the relationship between these factors in subjects with and without a reported background of childhood incest. Self-report measures of personal experience (Relevant Variable Questionnaire and the Assessment of Coping Interview), body image (the Human Figure Drawing Test (HFDT) and the Body Image Assessment (BIA)), and coping (the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM) Coping Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)) were administered individually to twenty-two women with reported incest histories and an equal number of women with no reported history of sexual or physical abuse. Significant …

Relational And Overt Aggression In Preschool, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, Monique Mosher

Psychology Faculty Publications

This research was designed as an initial attempt to assess relational aggression in preschool-age children. Our goal was to develop reliable measures of relational aggression for young children and to use these instruments to address several important issues (e.g., the relation between this form of aggression and social–psychological adjustment). Results provide evidence that relationally aggressive behaviors appear in children's behavioral repertoires at relatively young ages, and that these behaviors can be reliably distinguished from overtly aggressive behaviors in preschool-age children. Further, findings indicate that preschool girls are significantly more relationally aggressive and less overtly aggressive than preschool boys. Finally, results …

A Test Of The Self-Regulatory Model Of Prejudice Reduction, Sonja Williams

Student Work

Two assumptions derived from Devine and Monteith’s (1993) self-regulatory model of prejudice reduction were tested utilizing a stereotype-activating stimulus believed to be similar to one which is more likely to occur in everyday-life than those used in previous research. Black and white actors making ambiguously hostile statements were evaluated by 92 low and high-prejudiced participants. Rating-scale data provided partial support for the assumption that low-prejudiced participants inhibit stereotype-consistent responses and replace them with personal, more egalitarian beliefs. Specifically, low-prejudiced participants provided significantly more favorable ratings than their high-prejudiced counterparts (p = .030). Reaction-time data provided support for the model’s assumption …

The Political Psychology Of Deception Research, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some substantive and ethical complexities in research on the psychology of deception.

A Straight Word On Sex For The United States Armed Forces, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents aspects of a policy on sexuality that will support "good order and discipline," "character," and other hypothetical constructs allegedly associated with a military's contribution to the security of its sponsors. (For a related article see "Sex as a Military Weapon" in IBPP Vol. 1, No. 14, February 28,1997.)

Engineering Management And Industrial Engineering: Six One Way, A Half Dozen The Other, Susan L. Murray, Stephen A. Raper

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To some people engineering management (EM) is a specialty within Industrial Engineering (IE), to others EM is broader than IE. Comparing the histories of the two disciplines shows a clear distinction. Both disciplines have their roots in the work of engineering pioneers at the turn of the century. Work in motion and time study, along with other efficiency driven techniques, was the beginning of IE. Both IE and EM can trace their roots to the era of scientific management and the work of the early pioneers. A noted change for IE occurred after World War II when many programs shifted …

Integrating Core Industrial Engineering Courses Through A Manufacturing Case Study, Susan L. Murray

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a summary of research conducted by a team of students from the University of Missouri-Rolla. The manufacturing processes at a local firm were evaluated. The case study illustrates the benefits of applying ergonomic, safety, work measurement, and quality assessment tools together. Additionally this team approach illustrates the importance of educating engineering students to think across course and discipline lines. The paper concludes with generalized recommendations for other educational applications.

The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Styles And Masterson's Delineation Of Personality Disorders, Kristina K. Roberts

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The present study addresses the degree of relationship between adult attachment styles, as assigned by attachment theory, and personality disorders, as delineated by Masterson's developmental self and object relations theory. Relationships between the avoidant-dismissive attachment style and characteristics of the exhibiting narcissistic personality disorder, between the preoccupied attachment style and the borderline personality disorder, and between the avoidantfearful attachment style and the schizoid and avoidant personality disorders were anticipated. Eighty-six individuals involved in the Access Program in Spokane, Washington participated in the study. Thirty-four psychology students at George Fox University also participated in the study as a control group. Participants …

Expected And Existing Competencies Of External Industry Trainers In The Human Resource Development Field, Julia M. Zachmann

Dissertations and Theses

In the field of Human Resource Development, high standards of professionalism are needed to increase the commitment to training, especially from the side of management. This study focused on external training deliverers, and investigated different perspectives concerning their competencies. The expectations (E) of core competencies of excellent external trainers had been identified and were compared to the actual performance (P) of external trainers in a specific company. Ratings were gathered from four different perspectives, the trainees and clients (supervisors of trainees) of recent training events (consumers) and HRD managers and external trainers (marketers).

The rationale for the study was a …

Political Oracles, Issues, And Candidates: It's In The Stars, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some parameters in employing media stars to support campaigns for political initiatives.

Korean-American Elders In Independent Living Arrangements, Shinok Lee

Dissertations and Theses

Many Korean-American elders in America are new immigrants who are faced with cultural change and adjustment problems. In recent years, these Korean-American elders have been undergoing a change in their living situation by moving away from their adult children into independent living arrangements. This study draws on a sample of 50 Korean-American elders in subsidized housing who are over the age of sixty and live in the Portland, Oregon Metropolitan area to investigate factors involved in their choice of and their well-being in independent living arrangements. Through interviews, the study specifically gives attention to why the elders moved, whether they …

Predictions Of Intentions Of College Students To Take An Hiv Antibody Test And Their Preferences For A Testing Procedure, Hitoshi Ishimaru

Dissertations and Theses

Intentions to prevent HIV infections are an essential part of HIV prevention. Social science researchers and HIV educators have investigated the roles of intentions to prevent HIV infections mainly in the context of safer sex behaviors. Surprisingly, however, HIV testing intentions have not been extensively studied in light of various forms of HIV tests that are likely soon to be approved for widespread use . The present study evaluated the utility of Ajzen and Fishbein' s (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action in predicting college students' intentions to take an HIV test. Attitudes toward HIV testing and their perceptions of social …

Legal Socialization Effects On Democratization, Ellen S. Cohn, Susan O. White

Psychology

As is the case with all our joint publications, this article represents a genuine research collaboration between the authors, with equal contributions. Therefore, neither is first or second author. This article uses data from a collaborative project that grew out of the Law and Society Associations Working Group on Orientations toward Law and Normative Ordering‘. Ellen S. Cohn, lames L. Gibson, Susan O. White, Joseph Sanders, Joan McCord, and Felice Levine were responsible for the development and implementation of the research design. Funding for the project was provided by the (US) National Science Foundation (SE 13237 and SIR 11403). Our …

Book Review Of David Lester, Making Sense Of Suicide: An In-Depth Look At Why People Kill Themselves (The Charles Press 1997), Paula J. Reinhard

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book David Lester, Making Sense of Suicide: An In-depth Look at Why People Kill Themselves (The Charles Press 1997). Preface, bibliographical references, index. ISBN 0-914783-82-3. [208 pp. Paper $22.95. P.O. Box 15715, Philadelphia, PA 19103.]

The Role Of Men In Families: Achieving Gender Equity And Supporting Children, Patrice L. Engle

Psychology and Child Development

Fathers and men in families represent one of the most important resources for children’s well-being. Social services, including development interventions in the South, have hitherto failed to take into consideration the major role of men in families, and its effects on women, on children, and on the men themselves.

The Efficacy Of Pediatric Pain Management Techniques For Infants During Inoculation Procedures, Kimberly K. Wisdorf-Houtkooper

Dissertations

In this study four different pre-immunization interventions were compared with respect to their effects on modifying arousal level before an immunization and their effects on the level and duration of distress after the immunization. In addition, the study evaluated whether the infants’ pre-inoculation behavioral state affected their response to a painful stimulus. Data consisting of facial expression, presence or absence of cry, cry duration, and behavioral state were collected prior to, during, and after the inoculation. Forty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of four soothing conditions. These included: rocking, swaddling, sucking on a pacifier, and a control group.

An …

Do Reinforcer Surveys Enhance A Brief Parenting Skills Program For Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disordered Children?, Maria A. Channell

Dissertations

Several clinical researchers have documented the benefits of evaluating reinforcer preference prior to the implementation of behavioral parent training programs. However, this has not been specifically tested with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disordered (ADHD) population in relation to parent training. This between groups study investigated whether systematically altering parent delivered reinforcers to match children’s preferred reinforcers would result in an even greater increased compliance and decreased noncompliance.

One group received a brief (4-6 session) parenting program based on Patterson’s (1974) model. A second group received the same program with an added component wherein the child completed a reinforcer survey prior to the …

Effects Of Alternative Activities On Productivity Under Different Percentages Of Incentive Pay, Grainne A. Matthews

Dissertations

This study examined whether low percentages of incentive pay would be as effective as high percentages in maintaining work performance in the presence of competitive alternative activities. Incentives may increase performance primarily by decreasing time spent performing alternative activities. Although the link between performance and pay is tighter when the percentage of incentive pay is higher, laboratory studies have not found the expected difference. It is possible that previous simulations of work settings have not offered realistic competing contingencies. This study used a computer simulation of a quality inspection task and provided computer games as alternative activities to participants who …

Coming To Terms With Heritability, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The complex mechanisms of heredity are little appreciated by nonspecialists, in some measure, because of misunderstandings that are perpetuated when words used for technical terms have other, more widely understood, folk meanings. When a word has both technical and folk meanings, it is the responsibility of the specialist to avoid promoting confusion by either using extremely cautious and precise language when using the term or, in cases when confusion is inevitable, abandoning the term in favor of one without a widely understood folk meaning. The study of heredity is beset by such confusion, and the term heritability appears to be …

The Effect Of Control Strategies On Sixth Graders' Metacognitive Awareness, Pamela Haag Clower

Student Work

This experimental action research study provided sixth grade students five lessons about metacognitive control skills, with pre- and post-instruction measurements of the students’ observable behaviors and notation of the students’ think-alouds regarding their metacognitive activity. The purpose of the study was twofold: 1. To test whether students’ metacognitive awareness can be increased, and 2. To compare the performance of students who initially demonstrate higher metacognitive awareness by scoring above the median on a Metacognitive Awareness Inventory with student who students scored below the median on the inventory. Because research has shown metacognitive ability to operate independently of academic ability and …

Caregiver And Clinician Assessment Of Behavioral Disturbances: The California Dementia Behavior Questionnaire, Jeff Victoroff, Kristy A. Nielson, Dan Mungas

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

As part of a multicenter project to study noncognitive behavioral disturbances in dementia, the authors developed a comprehensive caregiver-rated questionnaire for these behaviors. The authors determined the reliability of caregiver ratings and compared caregiver ratings with clinician ratings using standard instruments. Caregivers showed good test/retest reliability for ratings of all types of patient behavioral disturbance. Caregiver interrater reliability was highest for depression and lowest for psychosis. The correlation between caregiver reports and professional assessments was highest for agitation, intermediate for psychosis, and lowest for depression. The match between caregiver and clinician assessments of patient behaviors appears to vary significantly by …

Predicting Estrangement From God Among Christians: Preliminary Findings And Practice Implications, Rodger K. Bufford, Kathryn Wurtz

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Persons who come to counseling, especially Christians, often present with concerns about their relationships with God. Many clinicians have noted that alienation or estrangement from God is a common concern even among persons with conservative theological beliefs. They may say things like “I know God loves me, but I don’t feel like it.” Little is currently known about factors which may cause or predict such feelings. The present study explored factors which predict estrangement from God. Results indicated that estrangement from God is more likely among clients than among students. Estrangement from God can be strongly predicted by the absence …

Getting Good Help These Days, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological factors mitigating against competent advice to political leaders.

Touchable Untouchables, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

With Mexican antidrug efforts as the context, this article describes some psychological impediments to developing and maintaining a trustworthy law enforcement cadre.