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Articles 721 - 744 of 744

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith Jan 2000

Caregivers Locus Of Control For Child Improvement, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A potentially important variable that has received little attention in the disabilities literature is the caregiver's locus of control beliefs for child improvement as they relate to treatment compliance and actual child improvement. To evaluate the construct's utility in a practice setting, 131 caregiver-child dyads were assessed twice, twelve months apart. Children were an average of approximately four years old at the first assessment, and all of them had mild to severe developmental disabilities. Aspects of caregiver compliance to treatment were rated, and measures of child development status, family functioning, and caregiver locus of control were administered. Results indicated that …

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Ethnic Representation In A Sample Of The Literature Of Applied Psychology, Leslie Case, Timothy B. Smith Jan 2000

Ethnic Representation In A Sample Of The Literature Of Applied Psychology, Leslie Case, Timothy B. Smith

Faculty Publications

A number of authors have raised concerns over the external validity of psychological research. This study examined the extent to which empirical articles include human participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Articles published over a 5-year period in 14 selected journals representing 3 applied subdisciplines of psychology were examined. Of the 2,536 articles coded, only 61% indicated the ethnicity of the participants. For those articles, the ethnic compositions approximated U.S. Census estimates, with the exception of an over representation of African Americans and an under representation of Hispanic Americans. The results imply that although the field is apparently adequately recruiting English …

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Strategies For Preventing Disruptive Behaviors Among Students With Autism, Tina Taylor Jan 2000

Strategies For Preventing Disruptive Behaviors Among Students With Autism, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

Help! What should I do with Michael? I can't control him! I often hear pleas of help similar to this one. What can a teacher do to help a student with autism learn and demonstrate appropriate behavior? The purpose of this article is provide a framework by which we can view behavior, and a description of a few strategies to help prevent challenging behaviors among students with autism. When I was a fresh out of college working under a provisional certificate, I was educated in the "current" methods of "behavior management." That is, I learned how to observe, count, graph …

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The Effects Of Music On Mood And Perception Of A Visual Stimulus, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Michael D. Irvin, Jason Solle, Scott Berendt, Erin E. Ramirez Oct 1999

The Effects Of Music On Mood And Perception Of A Visual Stimulus, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Michael D. Irvin, Jason Solle, Scott Berendt, Erin E. Ramirez

Faculty Publications

We examined the influence of music on mood by instructing 81 undergraduate students to complete the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List–Revised (MAACLR) both before and after watching a 15-min video that was or was not paired with a piece of music. The 2 music categories were pleasant or depressing. Participants from the depressing group experienced a drop in positive affect, whereas participants from the pleasant group showed an increase on this measure. Men from the pleasant group had the highest pretreatment and lowest post treatment anxiety scores, whereas the women displayed no change in anxiety. The results indicate that music …

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The False Litigant Syndrome: "Nobody Would Say That Unless It Was The Truth", Alan Scheflin, Daniel Brown Jan 1999

The False Litigant Syndrome: "Nobody Would Say That Unless It Was The Truth", Alan Scheflin, Daniel Brown

Faculty Publications

In this article we intend to focus on the narrow but increasingly more signif icant issue of retractors in malpractice actions against therapists. It is generally believed that people do not make confessions unless they are actually guilty. It is also generally believed that retractors who recant their earlier statements must now be telling the truth. Courts have allowed expert testimony to be admitted on the issue of why people will falsely confess. In this paper we argue that expert testimony on why people falsely recant should also be admissible.

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Ubiquitous Molecular Substrates For Associative Learning And Activity-Dependent Neuronal Facilitation., Louis D. Matzel, Andrew C. Talk, Isabel A. Muzzio, Ronald F. Rogers Nov 1998

Ubiquitous Molecular Substrates For Associative Learning And Activity-Dependent Neuronal Facilitation., Louis D. Matzel, Andrew C. Talk, Isabel A. Muzzio, Ronald F. Rogers

Faculty Publications

Recent evidence suggests that many of the molecular cascades and substrates that contribute to learning-related forms of neuronal plasticity may be conserved across ostensibly disparate model systems. Notably, the facilitation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission that contribute to associative learning in Aplysia and Hermissenda, as well as associative LTP in hippocampal CA1 cells, all require (or are enhanced by) the convergence of a transient elevation in intracellular Ca2+ with transmitter binding to metabotropic cell-surface receptors. This temporal convergence of Ca2+ and G-protein-stimulated second-messenger cascades synergistically stimulates several classes of serine/threonine protein kinases, which in turn modulate receptor function or …

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Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam Jan 1998

Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly Jan 1998

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Citation Analysis As An Unobtrusive Method For Journal Collection Evaluation Using Psychology Student Research Bibliographies, Margaret Sylvia Jan 1998

Citation Analysis As An Unobtrusive Method For Journal Collection Evaluation Using Psychology Student Research Bibliographies, Margaret Sylvia

Faculty Publications

Bibliographic citation analysis of student research papers is one method of evaluation the use of a journal collection. Journal selection and cancellation may be done on the basis of use and cost-effectiveness to maximize the usefulness of materials purchased with the library budget. An analysis of the bibliographic citations of research papers by undergraduate and graduate students in the psychology department of St. Mary's University was used as one basis for psychology journal selection and deselection in the academic library. Findings confirmed that the most cost-effective and the most used materials were usually held by the library. Titles that met …

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Justifying Racial Reform, Davison M. Douglas Jan 1998

Justifying Racial Reform, Davison M. Douglas

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Interactive Effects Of Disability, Race, And Gender On Job Placement Decisions, Dianna Stone, Erik Eddy, Megumi Hosoda, Scott Behson Jan 1996

The Interactive Effects Of Disability, Race, And Gender On Job Placement Decisions, Dianna Stone, Erik Eddy, Megumi Hosoda, Scott Behson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel Jan 1996

Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel

Faculty Publications

Two important features of modern accounts of associative learning are (1) the capacity for contextual stimuli to serve as a signal for an unconditioned stimulus (US) and (2) the capacity for a previously conditioned (excitatory) stimulus to "block" learning about a redundant stimulus when both stimuli serve as a signal for the same US. Here, we examined the process of blocking, thought by some to reflect a cognitive aspect of classical conditioning, and its underlying mechanisms in the marine mollusc Hermissenda. In two behavioral experiments, a context defined by chemosensory stimuli was made excitatory by presenting unsignalled USs (rotation) in …

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Psychology And Counseling Library Research Guide, Margaret Sylvia Jan 1996

Psychology And Counseling Library Research Guide, Margaret Sylvia

Faculty Publications

This document is a guide for library research in psychology or counseling. The first section discusses how to do research in the library, including choosing a topic, beginning with books, updating the information with journals, checking out books, interlibrary loan, visiting other libraries, and writing the paper. The second section provides sources of general information on psychology. The third section provides an annotated bibliography of additional research resources. The fourth section contains guide to the writing of psychology research papers and the fifth section contains miscellaneous resources such as those on professional training and careers, statistics, dictionaries, and biographical resources.

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Visual Attention And Saccadic Eye Movements In Complex Visual Tasks, John M. Henderson Jan 1993

Visual Attention And Saccadic Eye Movements In Complex Visual Tasks, John M. Henderson

Faculty Publications

An open peer commentary of Fischer and Weber's article "Express Saccades and Visual Attention" published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993), 16, 553-610.

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Postsynaptic Ca2+, But Not Cumulative Depolarization, Is Necessary For The Induction Of Associative Plasticity In Hermissenda, Ronald F. Rogers, R. F. Matzel Jan 1993

Postsynaptic Ca2+, But Not Cumulative Depolarization, Is Necessary For The Induction Of Associative Plasticity In Hermissenda, Ronald F. Rogers, R. F. Matzel

Faculty Publications

The neuronal modifications that underlie associative memory in Hermissenda have their origins in a synaptic interaction between the visual and vestibular systems, and can be mimicked by contiguous in vitro stimulation of these converging pathways. At the offset of vestibular stimulation (i.e., hair cell activity), the B photoreceptors are briefly released from synaptic inhibition resulting in a slight depolarization (2–4 mV). If contiguous pairings of light-induced depolarization and presynaptic vestibular activity occur in close temporal succession, this depolarization “accumulates” and has been hypothesized to culminate in a sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ and a resultant Ca(2+)-mediated phosphorylation of K+ channels …

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Psychology Among The Saints: The Development Of Behavioral Science At Brigham Young University, Bruce L. Brown, Mark K. Allen Jan 1988

Psychology Among The Saints: The Development Of Behavioral Science At Brigham Young University, Bruce L. Brown, Mark K. Allen

Faculty Publications

There was a strong interest in psychology at Brigham Young University at the turn of the century; the third president was a psychologist and a number of distinguished psychologists regularly visited the campus. An outstanding young scholar who was destined to become the only Mormon president of the American Psychological Association started a vigorous academic psychology program in those early years, but he left the university because of a controversy over his teachings. Psychology at Brigham Young University developed little from that time until the 1940s. The 1950s were a time of rapid growth and development, expansion of the faculty, …

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The Costs Of Exclusionary Practices In Women's Studies, Maxine Baca Zinn, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higginbotham, Bonnie Thornton Dill Jan 1986

The Costs Of Exclusionary Practices In Women's Studies, Maxine Baca Zinn, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higginbotham, Bonnie Thornton Dill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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All In The Family: Interpersonal Communication In Kin Relationships, Mary Anne T. Fitzpatrick, Diane M. Badzinski Jan 1985

All In The Family: Interpersonal Communication In Kin Relationships, Mary Anne T. Fitzpatrick, Diane M. Badzinski

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Who Volunteers For Adult Development Research? Research Findings And Practical Steps To Reach Low Volunteering Groups, Michael Todd, Keith E. Davis, Thomas P. Cafferty Jan 1984

Who Volunteers For Adult Development Research? Research Findings And Practical Steps To Reach Low Volunteering Groups, Michael Todd, Keith E. Davis, Thomas P. Cafferty

Faculty Publications

The present study is an attempt to determine volunteering bias in racial, gender, and age groups in an adult development study. Samples were drawn from three different types of organizations in the Columbia, South Carolina SMSA. Volunteering rates were calculated as a function of the number eligible to participate in three age groups: 1) young adult (aged 20-25); 2) middle adult (aged 40-45); and 3) old (aged 60-80). The middle group volunteered at a higher rate than the other two age groups, but this effect was restricted to the white sample. Women volunteered more readily than men, but not among …

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A Review Of Communication On Psychological Gender: Actors, Behaviors And Context, J. Indvik, Mary A. Fitzpatrick Dec 1983

A Review Of Communication On Psychological Gender: Actors, Behaviors And Context, J. Indvik, Mary A. Fitzpatrick

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Wind; Flight, Gale Stam Apr 1982

The Wind; Flight, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Locus Of Control, Knowledge Of Ethics, And Perceived Ethicality As Influenced By An Authority Figure, F. Matthew Mihelic, William G. Connolly May 1978

Locus Of Control, Knowledge Of Ethics, And Perceived Ethicality As Influenced By An Authority Figure, F. Matthew Mihelic, William G. Connolly

Faculty Publications

The present study investigated the relationship between a subject's locus of control, knowledge of psychological ethical research principles, and perceived ethicality of a psychological research proposal as influenced by an authority figure. Subjects were asked to judge the ethicality of a research proposal, which half were led to believe had been previously deemed unethical by an authority figure. No mention was made of the authority figure's viewpoint to the other subjects. The major finding was that the variability in ratings in ethicality of the research proposal tended to diminished from the no mention to the rejection manipulation in those of …

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Fifty‐Four Voices From Two: The Effects Of Simultaneous Manipulations Of Rate, Mean Fundamental Frequency, And Variance Of Fundamental Frequency On Ratings Of Personality From Speech, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher Jan 1973

Fifty‐Four Voices From Two: The Effects Of Simultaneous Manipulations Of Rate, Mean Fundamental Frequency, And Variance Of Fundamental Frequency On Ratings Of Personality From Speech, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher

Faculty Publications

Utterances of two adults males were analyzed and synthesized by a fast Fourier Transforms method. Each of the two voices was synthesized in each of the twenty‐seven combinations of three levels each of rate, mean FØ, and variance of FØ (a total of fifty‐four “voices” generated from two). The effects of the rate, mean FØ, and variance of FØ manipulations, the interactive effects of rate and variance of FØ, and the effects due to speaker were all statistically significant predictors of personality ratings given the voices. They accounted for 86%, 4%, 3%, 2%, and I% of the …

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Perceptions Of Personality From Speech: Effects Of Manipulations Of Acoustical Parameters, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher Jan 1973

Perceptions Of Personality From Speech: Effects Of Manipulations Of Acoustical Parameters, Bruce L. Brown, William J. Strong, Alvin C. Rencher

Faculty Publications

A speech analysis-synthesis system was used to manipulate variance of fundamental frequency and a mechanical rate changer was used to manipulate speech rate. The synthesized and altered voices were tested for realism. Synthesized voices were mistaken for normal 50% to 58% of the time and rate-changed voices were mistaken for normal 78% of the time. Additional studies were conducted to test the effects of these acoustical manipulations on the adjective ratings judges made of speakers. Variance of intonation was increased and decreased by 50% for eight speakers. There was a significantrend for increased intonation to cause voices to be rated …

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