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Articles 781 - 810 of 1153
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Improving Oral Reading Performance: A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Two Reading Interventions, Allison Morris
Improving Oral Reading Performance: A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Two Reading Interventions, Allison Morris
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Reading can be considered as the most fundamental skill learned in a person's life. It lays the foundation for later success in academics, vocational pursuits, and life. Because of reading's importance in everyday life, the search for effective reading interventions for those experiencing reading difficulties is continual. A single-subjects design was used to examine the overall effect of two reading interventions, listening previewing and folding-in, on oral reading performance. Nine regular education third-grade students served as subjects in the present study. Results indicated that neither the listening previewing procedure nor the folding-in technique were particularly successful at improving oral reading …
The Effects Of Corporate Culture On The Value Of Performance Appaisals, Connie Pearson
The Effects Of Corporate Culture On The Value Of Performance Appaisals, Connie Pearson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This research project attempts to provide information that will determine the effects of corporate culture on the value of performance appraisals in an organization. To provide analysis for this theory, the researcher utilized information found in prior written literature that examined results of performance appraisals and conducted interviews in various manufacturing organizations on results not yet published. In particular, the researcher examined the development and practice of performance appraisals at Logan Aluminum Inc. and used this team management greenfield site as a basis for looking at results from other organizations. Results of the study found strong evidence to support the …
The Perception Of Ordinal Depth Relationship From Static And Deforming Boundary Contours, Shane Raines
The Perception Of Ordinal Depth Relationship From Static And Deforming Boundary Contours, Shane Raines
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Previous investigations of the perception of 3-D shape from deforming boundary contours have focused on judgments of global shape (Cortese & Anderson, 1991), judgments of rigid vs. nonrigid motion (Norman & Todd, 1994), and object recognition (Norman, Dawson, & Raines, 2000). Raines and Norman (1999) provided the first study demonstrating that deforming boundary contours could support the accurate perception of local 3-D surface structure. The present set of experiments extend the Raines and Norman study by further investigating whether the distance from the boundary contour or the amount of overall boundary deformation affect the human ability to make local judgments …
Investigating Emotional Intelligence In Children: Exploring Its Relationship To Cognitive Intelligence, Margaret Allen
Investigating Emotional Intelligence In Children: Exploring Its Relationship To Cognitive Intelligence, Margaret Allen
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The phrase emotional intelligence was made popular in the mainstream culture by Daniel Goleman's book Emotional Intelligence. Goleman's book focuses mainly on aspects of emotional intelligence in adults, as does most of the literature that exists concerning emotional intelligence. The little empirical research that exists in the field of emotional intelligence has been conducted primarily with adults. With the advent of the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version, it has become possible to measure this construct in children. In the current study, sixty children ages nine to twelve were administered the BarOn EQ-i:YV and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children …
A Comparison Of The Situational And Patterned Behavioral Description Interview In Predicting Job Performance, James Little
A Comparison Of The Situational And Patterned Behavioral Description Interview In Predicting Job Performance, James Little
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The preference for the use of employment interviews over other selection measures is evident in the wide usage, popularity and the vast amount of research on the utility and psychometric properties of interviews over the last 60 years. Although the vast majority of interview research has focused on the factors influencing the interviewer's rating and comparing unstructured to structured interviews formats, little in the way of comparing structured formats (i.e., the situational interview and patterned behavioral description interview) has been performed. This researcher addressed this specific concern in regard to soft-skills in a retail setting. After development of situational and …
The Upward Pygmalion Effect In The Organization, Lei Wang
The Upward Pygmalion Effect In The Organization, Lei Wang
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study examined the upward Pygmalion effect from the subordinate to the supervisor. One hundred and sixty-one undergraduate participants assumed the role of a supervisor and were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions representing different levels of expectations and performance feedback. Participants then completed questionnaires designed to measure self-efficacy and the performance effort level of the supervisor. The result of the study failed to support the hypotheses that positive subordinate expectations would improve supervisors' self-efficacy level and that negative subordinate expectations would have little impact on supervisors' self-efficacy level, but succeeded in supporting the hypothesis that supervisors' performance …
Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, And Behavior In Majority And Minority Groups, Suzanne Hillin
Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, And Behavior In Majority And Minority Groups, Suzanne Hillin
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The influence of authoritarianism, social dominance, and ingroup identification on ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in a minimal group paradigm were investigated in this study. Possible effects of majority and minority group size interactions with these constructs were also examined. It has been previously shown that right-wing authoritarianism (Altemeyer, 1981) and social dominance orientation (Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994) influence ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in Tajfel's (1978) minimal group paradigm (McFarland & Ageyev, 1992; Perrault & Bourhis, 1999; Sidanius, Pratto, & Mitchell, 1994). Majority and minority group status also influence behavior in minimal groups (Gerard & Hoyt, 1974; …
Are The Cognitive Processes Underlying Practical Intelligence Redundant With Those Underlying Traditional Intelligence, Shari Rauscher
Are The Cognitive Processes Underlying Practical Intelligence Redundant With Those Underlying Traditional Intelligence, Shari Rauscher
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
none
Impact Of Employee Performance And Job Status On Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Charla Arnold
Impact Of Employee Performance And Job Status On Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Charla Arnold
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Once unnoticed and unreported, sexual harassment claims have risen dramatically within the last two decades. Although guidelines published by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1980 provided a definition of sexual harassment, researchers continue to examine variables affecting individual perceptions of sexual harassment. Contextual factors impacting the labeling of sexual harassment include the type and severity of the harassment, the ambiguity of the sexually harassing behaviors, and gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment. The present researcher examined the impact of employee performance and employment status on perceptions of sexual harassment. Results indicated that female participants were more likely than …
Anxiety And Efficacy: Are They Related To Students' Choice Of Major?, Camille Johnson
Anxiety And Efficacy: Are They Related To Students' Choice Of Major?, Camille Johnson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research suggests that anxiety characteristics play a role in determining the courses students choose in college. Other research suggests that efficacy may play a similar role as well. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and efficacy and choice of major for English and mathematics majors. Ninety-nine undergraduate and graduate students from Western Kentucky University (49 males and 50 females) participated in the study. All participants were officially declared mathematics (or mathematics-related, i.e., computer science) or English majors. Instruments included a measure of mathematics anxiety, mathematics efficacy, writing efficacy, writing anxiety, facilitating anxiety, debilitating …
The Effects Of Interviewer Self-Monitoring On Male Appearance Discrimination In Employment Decisions, Charles Mcdowell
The Effects Of Interviewer Self-Monitoring On Male Appearance Discrimination In Employment Decisions, Charles Mcdowell
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This research examined the effects of appearance discrimination toward men as regards employment decisions and the extent to which the degree of interviewer selfmonitoring influences these decisions. Past research has indicated that discrimination does indeed occur for women, but no empirical research has been conducted on male discrimination in which hair length has been manipulated. Specifically, length of hair (shoulder length, approximately 1 inch, and balding) was manipulated for potential job applicants. These conditions were examined across different types of jobs (traditionally conservative, neutral, and traditionally liberal). Several hypotheses are offered, with most focused on the concept that those scoring …
Differences In Turnover Intentions Between Exempt And Nonexempt Employees, Robert Ball
Differences In Turnover Intentions Between Exempt And Nonexempt Employees, Robert Ball
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Three a priori models of turnover intentions were tested to investigate differences in turnover intentions for exempt and nonexempt employees. Results of measured variable path analysis failed to differentiate exempt and nonexempt employees in their turnover intentions. Because the a priori models failed to support a distinction between exempt and nonexempt employees, an exploratory analysis was conducted for each employee group to investigate possible differences in turnover intentions. The exempt exploratory model revealed that overall satisfaction, vision and mission, total compensation, job fulfillment, leadership, and culture were significant determinants of turnover intentions. For the nonexempt exploratory model, overall satisfaction, tenure, …
Impact Of Violence Prevention Programs On The Attitudes Towards Guns And Violence Among Third Through Sixth Grade And Seventh Grade Students In The Bowling Green Independent School District, Michelyn Bhandari
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of violence prevention programs on the attitudes toward guns and violence among students in grades three through seven. This study represents an attempt to prove that third through sixth grade students who receive anger control training and seventh grade students who receive conflict resolution training will show a significantly lower attraction towards guns and violence than students receiving no such training. By understanding interrelation between adolescents' attitudes towards guns and violence and their psychosocial functioning, the public can seek out ways of preventing violence. To measure the impact and to …
The Relationship Between Freshman College Student Satisfaction And College Adjustment, Jason Gregory
The Relationship Between Freshman College Student Satisfaction And College Adjustment, Jason Gregory
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In this study, I explored the relationship between freshman college student satisfaction and college adjustment. Using the College Student Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSSQ) and the College Adjustment Scale (CAS), the "Interpersonal Problems" subscale was found to be moderately predictive of college student satisfaction. No other subscales were predictive. Contrary to expectation, grade point average (GPA) was not a significant factor. Some gender differences were found. Suggestions for program implementation were suggested.
Rater Training To Improve Student Evaluations Of Teaching Effectiveness, Robert Beeler
Rater Training To Improve Student Evaluations Of Teaching Effectiveness, Robert Beeler
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The impact of rater training on students performing evaluations of teaching effectiveness was evaluated. Training was administered either via live lecture or video tape. Both trained groups were compared with a no training control group. It was hypothesized that the training would result in more accurate assessments of teaching evaluations and that there would be no significant differences between either of the trained groups. Results showed that students were able to distinguish between dimensions of performance. However, no effects of training were found. The trained groups did not differ significantly from the untrained control group on instructor ratings.
Aging And Attentional Control In The Stroop Priming Task, Jennifer Naylor
Aging And Attentional Control In The Stroop Priming Task, Jennifer Naylor
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This experiment was conducted to examine whether older adults are capable of developing attentional strategies to reduce interference from irrelevant information. Sixty young and 60 older adults were asked to name the ink color of a non-black neutral word, which was presented adjacent to a color word or a neutral word (Lowe & Mitterer, 1982). Twelve young and 12 older adults were assigned to 1 of 5 list compositions. The first list consisted of 100% congruent items (ink color of a neutral word compatible with the color word), and 0% incongruent items (ink color of a neutral word incompatible with …
Perceiving Organizational Conflict: The Effect Of Occupational Rank And Sex On Perceptions Of Conflict In The Workplace, Eric Hatcher
Perceiving Organizational Conflict: The Effect Of Occupational Rank And Sex On Perceptions Of Conflict In The Workplace, Eric Hatcher
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In this study, perceptions of conflict were examined with respect to sex and occupational rank. The model for this study was Tjosvold's cooperation theory. Yet, unlike much of Tjosvold's work, I examined cooperation as a dependent rather than an independent variable. A reward-level pre-test was used to account for the predisposition to cooperate, and a mixed motive scale (post-test) was used to measure any differences in cooperation between occupational ranks and the sexes. Two hypotheses in this study were tested. First, in a between-rank conflict, supervisors were expected to view the conflict as competitive, while subordinates were expected to view …
A Comparison Of The Transition Of Special Needs Students To Regular Education Students, Anita Burnette
A Comparison Of The Transition Of Special Needs Students To Regular Education Students, Anita Burnette
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study investigated the success of transition from school to community life of special needs students in comparison to a similar population served in regular education. Graduates of a western Kentucky high school over a three year period composed the population for the study- Variables observed were KIRIS test results, economic status, and successful transition as measured by the KIRIS Adult Report to Life. Results indicated special needs students were as successful in the transition process as the population to which they were compared. Results have implications that transition plans and teams are necessary for some regular education students as …
The Effect Of Ethnicity And Generation On Cultural Values, Launa Beck
The Effect Of Ethnicity And Generation On Cultural Values, Launa Beck
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Using an existential perspective, the researcher investigated the world views of 155 people divided first by ethnic group and then (n = 144) by generation. African Americans and White Americans, Baby Boomers and Generation Xers completed the Scale to Assess World Views (Ibrahim & Owen, 1994) at a grocery store in the Midwest. Results indicate significant differences between African Americans and White Americans on the Pessimistic, Traditional, and Here and Now world views but no difference in rank order. Coefficient alphas for the subscales ranged from (.42) to (.67) with an overall value of (.82) for the scale. A confirmatory …
Aging And Stereoscopic Shape Perception, Thomas Dawson
Aging And Stereoscopic Shape Perception, Thomas Dawson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Past research on stereoscopic depth perception among the elderly has led to inconsistent findings. Some research on stereopsis and aging has found that younger and older adults are essentially the same in terms of their stereoscopic ability, while other research has found evidence of large differences. This past research has largely been limited to investigations of stereoacuity. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to extend this earlier research to compare how older and younger observers perceive the magnitude of stereoscopically defined depth intervals. Random-dot stereograms depicting sinusoidal surfaces were shown to seven younger (i.e., ages 30 and below) and six …
The Relationship Between Loneliness And Social Skills In Learning Disabled And Regular Education Populations, Roberta Miller
The Relationship Between Loneliness And Social Skills In Learning Disabled And Regular Education Populations, Roberta Miller
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Loneliness in children has been associated with internalizing symptoms such as shyness, depression, and low self-esteem (Brage, Meredith, & Woodward, 1993; Renshaw & Brown, 1993; Rubin, LeMare, & Lollis, 1990) and externalizing symptoms such as aggression (Coie, Dodge, & Coppotelli, 1982; Cassidy & Asher, 1992; Dobson, Campbell, & Dobson, 1987). The later outcomes of both of these kinds of internalizing and externalizing symptoms include school withdrawal, criminality, and victimization (Rubin, 1985; Parker & Asher, 1987). We know that children who rate themselves lonely tend to be rejected by peer groups. We also know that children who are rejected by peer …
An In-Depth Analysis Of Students' Academic Retention Abilities In Traditional And Alternative Calendar Schools, Jennifer Reece
An In-Depth Analysis Of Students' Academic Retention Abilities In Traditional And Alternative Calendar Schools, Jennifer Reece
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The adoption of an alternative school calendar is a widely discussed topic in education reform today. The need to help students retain more academic skills after summer vacation is one reason school districts are considering alternative calendars. A recent study by Nofsinger (1999) of elementary students used Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) probes to measure academic skills in the Spring and the Fall in both traditional and alternative calendar schools. This present study further analyzed data collected during Nofsinger's (1999) study to determine whether certain groups of students (i.e., high, middle, and low achievers) gained more benefit from traditional or alternative calendars. …
Peer Relations In The Ungraded Primary: An Examination Of Friendship And Its Benefits, Donna Gregory
Peer Relations In The Ungraded Primary: An Examination Of Friendship And Its Benefits, Donna Gregory
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Mixed-age peer contexts have been considered important in the peer relations literature, but there has been relatively little research on children's peer relations in these settings. Ungraded primary programs mandated by recent school reform efforts in Kentucky provide a unique opportunity to study peer relations in a mixed-age context. The present study examined patterns of reciprocated friendship in ungraded primary classrooms and their relation to peer- and teacher-rated social competence. Both level of overall peer acceptance and age relative to ungraded primary classmates influenced the number and pattern of reciprocated friendships. Children who had friends were seen as more socially …
Anger And Alcohol Use: A Model Of Coping Styles, Alcohol Expectancies And The Experience And Expression Of Anger, Shauna Willard
Anger And Alcohol Use: A Model Of Coping Styles, Alcohol Expectancies And The Experience And Expression Of Anger, Shauna Willard
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The researcher investigated the relationship between anger experience and expression, coping styles, and expectancies regarding the effects of alcohol in a young male population. Anger experience and expression was measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, coping styles were assessed using the Coping Response Inventory, alcohol expectancies were determined using the Alcohol Effects Questionnaire-2, and alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Inventory. The results indicated that young males who abuse alcohol utilize less effective coping styles, such as cognitive avoidance. Alcohol abusing males also believe alcohol will increase their power and aggression. A linear regression demonstrated that males …
Attitudes Toward Diversity: Determining Differences By Social Locators, Stacey Sympson
Attitudes Toward Diversity: Determining Differences By Social Locators, Stacey Sympson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Diversity training in workplaces is occurring across the U.S. at a growing rate. These programs attempt to make work environments more pluralistic for everyone. Conflict and feminist theory both agree that those with less power will see issues in a different way than will those with more power. This research involved a questionnaire administered to employees at a governmental agency in a small city in the Southeastern United States. Indices were used to measure attitudes toward diversity and sexual orientation. T-tests and multiple regressions were employed to determine the differences in employees' attitudes toward the two dependent variables. Results from …
Retention Of Academic Skills Over The Summer Months In Alternative And Traditional Calendar Schools, Christy Nofsinger
Retention Of Academic Skills Over The Summer Months In Alternative And Traditional Calendar Schools, Christy Nofsinger
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Alternative calendar schools are increasingly popular alternatives to the traditional nine-month school year and a three-month summer vacation. One purported advantage of a shorter summer vacation is the greater retention of academic material because there is less time to "forget" what was learned. While alternative calendar schools appear to be increasing in number, little research has been conducted to actually measure academic differences in these schools. The purpose of this research was to systematically compare the retention of academic skills of students in traditional and alternative calendar schools over the summer months. Three county-wide school districts participated in this study. …
The Emotional Consequences Of Victimization, Kim Van Zee
The Emotional Consequences Of Victimization, Kim Van Zee
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
A sample ofl 04 boys and girls from three grade levels (second, fourth, and sixth) were read stories depicting acts of victimization and questioned about how both the victim and victimizer in the story would be feeling. In one interview, children were asked to pretend that they were the victimizer and in another interview 3-4 weeks later, a hypothetical victimizer was used. Order of interviews (self as victimizer first or second) was assigned randomly. Acts of both physical and psychological harm were portrayed in which the victimizer either obtained a tangible gain or no gain was received. Participants of all …
Modern Sexist Attitudes Toward Female Supervisors, Eric Dulaney
Modern Sexist Attitudes Toward Female Supervisors, Eric Dulaney
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Despite the passage of The Civil Rights Act of 1964, women employed by an organization generally remain in the entry level positions, while their male counterparts are promoted throughout the organization's hierarchy. Although there are many theories that attempt to explain the reasons for this disparity between men and women in the workforce, one of the popular attributions is sexism. In this study, the investigator applied the theoretical framework of Modern Sexism to examine modern sexist attitudes toward female supervisors. Three hundred and twenty-two undergraduate students were asked to fill out several sexism measures and to evaluate vignettes of male …
Examining The Training And Practice Of School Psychologists: A Survey Of Intern Supervisors, Christopher Matthews
Examining The Training And Practice Of School Psychologists: A Survey Of Intern Supervisors, Christopher Matthews
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
A survey was conducted to examine internship supervisors' perceptions of the level of preparation being provided to school psychology interns in the areas of Traditional Assessment, Non-Traditional Assessment, Consultation, Interventions, and Other skill areas. Twenty-five training institutions from 16 states were rated by the supervisors. The responding supervisors' job roles primarily consisted of practicing school psychologists. It was reported that interns spent about half of the total time in internship activities performing Traditional Assessment. Time spent in performing activities in the areas of Consultation, Interventions, and Nontraditional Assessment made up the majority of the other half with close to the …
A Meta-Analytic Investigation Of The Effect Of Freshman Seminars On Student Attrition At Four Year Colleges And Universities, Raymond Brown
A Meta-Analytic Investigation Of The Effect Of Freshman Seminars On Student Attrition At Four Year Colleges And Universities, Raymond Brown
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Tinto (1975) theorized that for a student to complete his/her education, he/she must integrate socially as well as academically at the institution. Freshman seminars are designed to ease students into college life and provide them with skills to cope socially and academically, thereby paving the way for institutional integration and, ultimately, degree completion. Researchers at a number of institutions have evaluated the effectiveness of the freshman seminar at reducing freshman to sophomore year attrition. They have reported mixed results. Here, the literature addressing the efficacy of freshman seminars for reducing attrition is reviewed using meta-analysis. The number of weekly contact …