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Articles 721 - 750 of 1153
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Comparison Of Symptom Severity Between University Counseling Center And Community Mental Health Center Clients, Joshua Gunn
A Comparison Of Symptom Severity Between University Counseling Center And Community Mental Health Center Clients, Joshua Gunn
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study compares presenting levels of psychological distress at a university counseling center and a community mental health center. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was completed by clients at intake, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. A significant difference was found between the two service units on the Global Symptom Index and all nine scales of the BSI. There were no gender differences in overall levels of psychological distress; however, a difference was found on the interpersonal hostility scale. Implications of the study, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
The Negative Effects Of Media Advertisements On Men's Body Satisfaction, Lisa Lorenzen
The Negative Effects Of Media Advertisements On Men's Body Satisfaction, Lisa Lorenzen
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study examined the effect of exposure to muscular ideal bodies on body satisfaction in men to see if the effects are similar to what women experience when they are exposed to thin bodies. Participants were 104 college men attending Western Kentucky University. Age of the participants ranged from 18 to 32 years, with a mean of 20.15 years (SD = 2.64). All participants were assessed on the Body Assessment (BA), which measures degree of satisfaction with 25 various aspects of the body. Participants were assessed on this measure before and after exposure to either muscular or non-muscular advertisements. Responses …
Predictive Validity Of Kindergarten Phonemic Awareness Measures On Second Grade Reading Skills, Sarah Midden
Predictive Validity Of Kindergarten Phonemic Awareness Measures On Second Grade Reading Skills, Sarah Midden
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In order to succeed and progress in the academic domain, a student must possess basic reading skills. One characteristic of poor readers is their lack of understanding of phonological structure and lack of awareness of phonemes. Phonemic awareness tasks are divided into two broad categories: synthetic or analytic. Both have been shown to be accurate indicators of later reading ability. Little research has been conducted on the predictive nature of some of the recently published measures of phonemic awareness. The purpose of the current study is to examine four published measures to determine which measures are the best predictors of …
Consultation Trends In School Psychology Literature, Janelle Zaciewski
Consultation Trends In School Psychology Literature, Janelle Zaciewski
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Consultation is a prominent indirect service delivery method in school psychology today. Several publications endorsed by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) have traditionally suggested the mental health, organizational, and behavioral models of consultation as the three prominent consultation models in the field of school psychology. However, no supporting data are cited and it is unclear if these three models are still prominent in school psychology today. The present research examined the consultation literature over the last 22 years in two prominent school psychology journals, Journal of School Psychology and School Psychology Quarterly (originally called Professional School Psychology). This …
Consultation Trends In School Psychology Review Over The Last Twenty-Two Years, Jill Lawson
Consultation Trends In School Psychology Review Over The Last Twenty-Two Years, Jill Lawson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Among the multiple roles of a school psychologist is consultation. The Mental Health, Organizational, and Behavioral models of consultation are reported in publications by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) to be the prominent models in the field of school psychology. However, no supporting data are cited; thus it is unclear whether these three consultation models are the most prominent in school psychology today. The current study evaluated the consultation literature over the past twenty-two years in the professional journal School Psychology Review. Consultation articles were analyzed to obtain information regarding the frequency of consultation articles published, the most …
Influences On Juror's Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Shawn Rainey
Influences On Juror's Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Shawn Rainey
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Participants role-played jurors evaluating the facts of a potential sexual harassment incident, including information on victim and perpetrator intoxication levels. They first made an individual determination of sexual harassment, followed by a group determination. Generally, sober perpetrators were more likely to be perceived as guilty of sexual harassment than either intoxicated perpetrators or when no information on perpetrator intoxication was available. However, victim intoxication interacted with gender to impact decisions of sexual harassment. Men were less likely than women to find the perpetrator guilty when the victim was sober. Women were less likely than men to find the perpetrator guilty …
Content Validation And Modification Of The Aauw Survey On Sexual Harassment In The Schools For Use With Juvenile Sexual Offenders, Daniel Belding
Content Validation And Modification Of The Aauw Survey On Sexual Harassment In The Schools For Use With Juvenile Sexual Offenders, Daniel Belding
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This project was conducted to validate the survey used by the American Association of University Women in the study of sexual harassment in the schools, for use in studying the behaviors of juvenile sexual offenders in schools. The original survey was modified to decrease bias in the questions and eliminate questions that did not pertain to information that may be significant for juvenile sexual offenders. The project solicited information from juvenile sexual offenders (n=9) and experts (n=6) in the field of juvenile sexual offending to validate and modify the survey to better look at juvenile sexual offender behaviors in schools. …
The Influence Of Job Satisfaction And Life Satisfaction On Immediate Mood States, Withdrawal Intentions, And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Lynne Battista
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Affective states influence an individual's level of job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Affective states also influence behavior (e.g., withdrawal intentions and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors). The present study investigated the inverse relationship—that is, whether job and life satisfaction influence immediate mood state, and consequently withdrawal intentions and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Participants, who role played a restaurant server, were given a scenario that induced either positive job or life satisfaction, negative job or life satisfaction, or no information was given regarding their level of job or life satisfaction. Participants then responded to instruments measuring immediate mood state and behavioral consequences. Results indicated …
Distributive Justice: Perceptions Of Star Player Treatment In Work Team Settings, Nadim Zaidy
Distributive Justice: Perceptions Of Star Player Treatment In Work Team Settings, Nadim Zaidy
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study examined the effects of punishment given to the most valued team member who has committed a company rule violation. The team is working on an important project where the contribution by that valued member is critical to project completion. The study assessed the effects of the severity of rule violation, the severity of the punishment, the consistency of the punishment, and who is impacted by the punishment. The results indicated that when a valued employee has committed a rule violation, applying consistent punishment is perceived as more fair and appropriate by the teammates. However, when that valued …
The Effects Of Goal Orientation And Type Of Feedback On Perceived Competence And Performance, Adam Leezer
The Effects Of Goal Orientation And Type Of Feedback On Perceived Competence And Performance, Adam Leezer
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The theory of goal orientation holds that persons will generally be motivated by one of three goal orientations in an achievement setting: a learning orientation, a performance-prove orientation, or a performance-avoid orientation. These goal orientations create the mental frameworks that an individual uses to interpret and respond to achievement settings, and are associated with different cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses to feedback, task-difficulty, and task success/failure. In addition, different types of feedback can orient individuals to different aspects of a task, and result in differing feedback effects. The present study examined how different types of feedback affect the perceived competence …
The Implicit Association Test As A Measure Of Attitudinal Biases Towards Individuals With Disabilities: Assessing The Convergent Validity With The Interaction With Disabled Persons Scale And Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale, Julie Nicholas
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study addressed attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Barriers that individuals with disabilities have faced and continue to face were discussed. Drawbacks (e.g., fakeability and unidimensionality) of traditional paper-and-pencil tests were presented. The Implicit Association Test (IAT), Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP), Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale (DSDS), and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) were administered to 74 college students. Participants completed IAT tests for four disability conditions (i.e., paraplegic, alcoholism, cancer, and mental illness) in an effort to replicate Tringo's Hierarchy of Preference. The Hierarchy of Preference was not replicated in the current study. However, the replication …
Using Appropriateness Measurement To Detect Realistic Faking Of Personality Tests, Brian Holt
Using Appropriateness Measurement To Detect Realistic Faking Of Personality Tests, Brian Holt
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research has shown that personality tests are susceptible to faking and that test takers do indeed take advantage of this vulnerability. This faking creates a problem when organizations use personality tests as screening tools for candidates for employment. Among the methods available to detect faking, appropriateness measurement (i.e., examining how well a pattern of responses fit item characteristics) has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examines whether the two most popular appropriateness indices, Z3 and F2, are capable of detecting response distortion among test takers instructed to answer honestly versus fake. The groups demonstrated differences between overall mean scores, …
Three Factors That Contribute To College Students' Acceptance And Tolerance Of Diversity: Religiosity, Moral Reasoning And Attributional Complexity, Tara Clemons
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The responsibilities of teachers today include not only teaching academics but often include teaching about acceptance, diversity, and societal values as well. This study proposes that several factors, which may be involved in this teacher role of acceptance and tolerance of diversity, are connected—including the teacher's level of moral reasoning, attributional complexity, and religiosity. Subjects included 181 teacher education majors at Western Kentucky University. The subjects completed the Defining Issues Test, Attributional Complexity Scale, general diversity survey, and a measure of religiosity. Findings include a significant correlation between the level of attributional complexity and moral reasoning and attributional complexity as …
Social Intelligence: Social Skills Competence And Emotional Intelligence In Gifted Adolescents, Lisa Corso
Social Intelligence: Social Skills Competence And Emotional Intelligence In Gifted Adolescents, Lisa Corso
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Two schools of thought diverge into an ongoing debate as regards to the social intelligence of gifted youth. One view holds that the gifted are often maladjusted (Chronbach, 1960; Hollingworth, 1942). The contrary view is that they are more likely to be well adjusted, with overall above average social and emotional intelligence (Allen, 2000; Chesser, 2001; Kihlstrom & Cantor, 2000; Neihart, 1999). The current research is consistent with views supporting enhanced overall social and emotional intelligence of gifted youth. Some researchers have argued that emotional intelligence and social skills competence are subsets of social intelligence (Chesser, 2000; Greenspan, 1979; Kihlstrom …
The Viability Of The Implicit Association Test Applied To Attitudes Toward Individuals With Disabilities And Measurement Of Coworker Attitudes Toward Individuals With A Disability, Andrea Doyle
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities were examined using two different methods: (a) the Implicit Association Test assessing general implicit attitudes and (b) a vignette study assessing coworker attitudes. The Implicit Association Test was used in an attempt to replicate Tringo's Hierarchy of Preference using five exemplar disabilities: (a) Cancer, (b) Paraplegic, (c) Mental Illness, (d) Alcoholic, and (e) HIV Positive. The results did not support a replication of the Hierarchy of Preference. Three dimensions of disabilities were manipulated for the vignette study. These dimensions were the overtness of the disability, the level of risk associated with the disability, and response …
Children's Understanding Of Racial Classifications As A Function Of Their Knowledge Of Inheritance, Jason Glerum
Children's Understanding Of Racial Classifications As A Function Of Their Knowledge Of Inheritance, Jason Glerum
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Many studies have examined how children categorize various objects but few studies have looked at how children categorize race. Research shows that adults tend to essentialize race; that is, they treat race as a natural kind (Madole, Keleman, Glerum & Webb, 1999). Do children treat race in the same manner? This study examines how preschool children, second grade children, and fourth grade children treat race. Children were presented with stories and pictures describing a transformation to a person's racial characteristics (that is, a change in external appearance from white to black or black to white features) and asked to what …
Emotional Intelligence, Social Competence, And Success In High School Students, Amanda Crick
Emotional Intelligence, Social Competence, And Success In High School Students, Amanda Crick
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The relationship between emotional intelligence, social competence, and success was investigated. Success was operationally defined as elected leadership within a school group, club, or organization. The study sample consisted of 31 males and 89 females ages fourteen to seventeen years (grades 9 through 11) from three counties in south-central Kentucky. Student participants were characterized as Leaders, Joiners, or Non-Joiners of school groups and were asked to complete the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (BarOn EQi:YV) (BarOn & Parker, 2000), which assessed emotional intelligence, and the Social Skills Rating System - Secondary Student Form (SSRS) (Gresham & Elliott, 1990), which …
Behaviorally Disruptive Children's Reasoning About The Emotional Consequences Of Victimization, Kim Van Zee
Behaviorally Disruptive Children's Reasoning About The Emotional Consequences Of Victimization, Kim Van Zee
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
A sample of 58, 6 to 12 year-old children drawn from admissions to a local psychiatric hospital were read stories depicting acts of victimization and questioned about how both victims and victimizers would be feeling. Participants were randomly assigned to either imagine themselves as victimizers in the stories, or victimizers were presented as hypothetical characters. Acts of both physical and psychological harm were portrayed in which the victimizer either obtained a tangible gain or no gain was received. Children in the self-as-victimizer condition attributed fewer positive emotions and gave more moral rationales than did children in the hypothetical condition who …
Analysis Of Zebrafish Optic Tectum Visual Processing Before And After Optic Nerve Crush, Angela Mcdowell
Analysis Of Zebrafish Optic Tectum Visual Processing Before And After Optic Nerve Crush, Angela Mcdowell
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The visual system processes information at various levels. Initial processing takes place in the retina, which then sends information to the optic tectum, the first visual brain center in lower vertebrates, for further processing. There were two main goals of this study. The first goal was to obtain tectal evoked responses (TER) from adult zebrafish and to compare them to previous electroretinogram (ERG) spectral sensitivity data (Bilotta & Harrison, 1999). The second purpose of this study was to examine neural regeneration in the adult zebrafish at various times post-crush and to compare visual processing of these subjects to the normal …
The Role Of Implicit Racial Attitudes And Universal Orientation In Cross-Racial Face Recognition, Gordon Campbell
The Role Of Implicit Racial Attitudes And Universal Orientation In Cross-Racial Face Recognition, Gordon Campbell
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The "other-race" effect refers to the common observation that individuals are better at remembering faces of their own race than faces of another race. The relevance of the "other-race" effect to social interaction between people of different races and eyewitness identification of criminal suspects has spurred much research into uncovering the nature of the asymmetry between recognition of own- and otherrace faces. So far, however, many attempts to consistently demonstrate factors that contribute to the "other-race" effect have failed. One of the factors that may play a role in the "other-race" effect, but has yet to be shown to do …
Reading Mastery Versus Word Study Instruction As It Pertains To Third Graders' Reading Achievement Scores, Mia Sullivan
Reading Mastery Versus Word Study Instruction As It Pertains To Third Graders' Reading Achievement Scores, Mia Sullivan
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study was conducted in order to compare two phonics-based approaches to teaching reading. The two approaches were Reading Mastery (SRA Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, 1995) and Word Study (Bear et al. 1996). While Reading Mastery has been compared to other reading methods to examine the effectiveness of instruction with reading achievement measures, there are no studies that compare Word Study to other methods of reading instruction. The purpose of the present study was to compare Reading Mastery and Word Study instruction groups in terms of reading achievement scores. This study included 36 third grade students, 18 in each group. All students were …
The Role Of Situational And Dispositional Factors On Sub-Optimal Performance, Shannon Walker
The Role Of Situational And Dispositional Factors On Sub-Optimal Performance, Shannon Walker
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Pressure is known to decrease performance for well-practiced tasks. Research has found that pressure decreases performance for those with high self-consciousness when distracted, but the effects of pressure and distraction are not known for those with low self-consciousness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether a distraction would improve the performance of those with low self-consciousness. A 2 (self-consciousness) x 2 (distraction) analysis of covariance (covariates emotional control, performance distance) factorial design was used to assess putting performance for 125 undergraduate participants. Results revealed that distraction negatively affected performance for both self-consciousness groups, but results indicated that …
The Effectiveness Of Listening Previewing On Oral Reading Performance, Latisha Smith
The Effectiveness Of Listening Previewing On Oral Reading Performance, Latisha Smith
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
To successfully function in today's society, a skill that is arguably necessary is that of reading. Educators are constantly in search of effective reading interventions to use with students. This study examined the effects of listening previewing on the oral reading fluency of third grade students from regular education classrooms. Twelve participants were assigned to one of two groups: Experimental Group or Control Group. Results indicated that the listening previewing procedure was superior to reading practice only when the progress monitoring data was collected on previewed probes. The findings imply that improvements in oral reading fluency due to the listening …
Effects Of Restricted Spectral Rearing On The Development Of Zebrafish Retinal Physiology, Lee Dixon
Effects Of Restricted Spectral Rearing On The Development Of Zebrafish Retinal Physiology, Lee Dixon
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research has shown that rearing in abnormal lighting environments affects both visual behavior and retinal physiology in zebrafish larvae. These studies, however, used only darkness and constant white light as the experimental rearing conditions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects on the development of zebrafish retinal physiology of rearing larvae in restricted spectral lighting environments. Larvae were reared in one of seven different lighting environments: cyclic white light (the control group), constant blue light, constant green light, constant orange light, cyclic blue light, cyclic green light, and cyclic orange light. Assessment of retinal physiology was …
Perceptions Of Fairness Of Discipline Events In The Work Place, Debra Phillips
Perceptions Of Fairness Of Discipline Events In The Work Place, Debra Phillips
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Employees are concerned with the fairness of organizational outcomes they receive and the fairness of the decision-making processes used to determine how these outcomes are allocated in accordance with organizational policies. The present study focused on the distributive justice and procedural justice outcomes of disciplinary actions in work place settings. This study assessed the effects of three levels of the severity of rule violation, severity of punishment, and decision-making processes utilized. The results indicated that conditions allowing participation in the decision-making process resulted in perceptions of greater procedural fairness to employees, but did not influence perceptions of distributive fairness. The …
The Influence Of Victim And Perpetrator Intoxication On Juror Perceptions Of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment, Jewel Mack
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Once unnoticed and unreported, sexual harassment claims have risen within the last two decades. Although guidelines published by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission provide a definition of sexual harassment, researchers continue to examine variables affecting individual perceptions of sexual harassment. In addition to gender differences in perception, the present researcher examined the impact of perpetrator and victim intoxication on perceptions of sexual harassment. Results indicated that female participants were no more likely than male participants to label behaviors as sexual harassment when provided information on intoxication. However, when no information regarding the intoxication status of the perpetrator or victim was …
Test-Relief Reliability Of The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test With Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Julia Pendley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (Bracken & McCallum, 1998 [UNIT]) is a relatively new intelligence test that is administered in an entirely nonverbal way. Research supports the use of this test with special populations such as those with learning disabilities, those who are intellectually gifted, as well as with those who have speech/language impairments (Bracken & McCallum, 1998). One population not accounted for in the test's standardization sample are children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study investigates the test-retest reliability of the UNIT with children diagnosed with ADHD. Another main focus of this study involves determining the …
Training Practices In School Consultation: Twenty Years Later, Terri Owens
Training Practices In School Consultation: Twenty Years Later, Terri Owens
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Consultation has long been noted in the literature as a preferred role of school psychologists (Curtis & Zins, 1980; Gutkin & Curtis, 1982). Yet, few studies have examined University training practices in the area of consultation. This study, in part, replicated a study conducted by Meyers, Wurtz, and Flanagan (1981) that examined training practices 20 years ago. Currently, Program Directors from school psychology training programs in the United States were asked to describe how their training program addressed consultation. The number of courses offered in consultation, the methods used to teach consultation, and the models of consultation taught to school …
Lucky Pennies And Four Leaf Clovers: Young Children's Understanding Of Superstitions, Christy Bryce
Lucky Pennies And Four Leaf Clovers: Young Children's Understanding Of Superstitions, Christy Bryce
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The development of organized, explanatory systems of knowledge is an integral part of human nature; it allows us to categorize objects and events and to make predictions based on our experiences. In our society, the quest for answers to the questions "How?" and "Why?" begins early in life. By the preschool years, children are actively seeking and providing explanations for an abundance of physical and social events, and they are developing knowledge of causal forces at work in the environment (Bullock, Gelman, & Baillargeon, 1982; Rosengren & Hickling, 1999). Paradoxically, at about the same age at which children demonstrate they …
Distributive Justice And Punishment In Team Sports, David Bucur
Distributive Justice And Punishment In Team Sports, David Bucur
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Distributive justice outcomes of punishment in an intercollegiate team sport setting were investigated. Male intercollegiate athletes (#=148) participating in the NAIA National Soccer Championship Tournament responded to one of eight scenarios and reported perceived fairness to player, fairness to teammates, deterrence to future player misconduct, and deterrence to future teammate misconduct. The results indicated that athletes perceive consistent distribution of punishment as more fair than conditional distribution of punishment; consistently distributed punishment is perceived to be more likely to deter future misconduct than conditional punishment; punishment, in general, is perceived as more fair when the violation committed is severe as …