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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 1963

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Mexican-Origin Youths’ Trajectories Of Depressive Symptoms: The Role Of Familism Values, Katharine H. Zeiders, Kimberly A. Updegraff, Adriana J. Umana-Taylor, Lorey A. Wheeler, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Sue A. Rodriguez Jan 2013

Mexican-Origin Youths’ Trajectories Of Depressive Symptoms: The Role Of Familism Values, Katharine H. Zeiders, Kimberly A. Updegraff, Adriana J. Umana-Taylor, Lorey A. Wheeler, Norma J. Perez-Brena, Sue A. Rodriguez

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Purpose—To describe Mexican-origin youths’ trajectories of depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence and examine the role of three aspects of familism values: supportive, obligation, and referent familism. Methods—Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 492) participated in home interviews and provided self-reports of depressive symptoms and cultural values at four assessments across an 8-year span. Using a cohort sequential design and accounting for the nesting within the 246 families (2 youth per family), we examined depressive symptoms from ages 12 to 22 years and the within-person, between-sibling, and between-family effects of familism values. Results—Mexican-origin males’ depressive symptoms decreased across …

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Longitudinal Relationships Between Neurocognition, Theory Of Mind, And Community Functioning In Outpatients With Serious Mental Illness (Smi), Elizabeth A. Cook, Nancy H. Liu, Melissa Tarasenko, Charlie A. Davidson, William D. Spaulding Jan 2013

Longitudinal Relationships Between Neurocognition, Theory Of Mind, And Community Functioning In Outpatients With Serious Mental Illness (Smi), Elizabeth A. Cook, Nancy H. Liu, Melissa Tarasenko, Charlie A. Davidson, William D. Spaulding

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between neurocognition, theory of mind, and community functioning in a sample of 43 outpatients with serious mental illness (SMI). Relationships between baseline values and changes over time were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that: 1. Neurocognition and theory of mind were each associated with community functioning at baseline. 2. Community functioning improved over approximately 12 months of treatment. 3. Greater improvement in neurocognition over time predicted higher rates of improvement in community functioning. 4. Theory of mind did not predict change in community functioning after controlling for neurocognition. 5. The …

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Gone Fishing: I–O Psychologists’ Missed Opportunities To Understand Marginalized Employees’ Experiences With Discrimination, Enrica N. Ruggs, Michelle R. Hebl, Cody B. Cox, Mark V. Roehling, Richard L. Weiner, Laura Barron Jan 2013

Gone Fishing: I–O Psychologists’ Missed Opportunities To Understand Marginalized Employees’ Experiences With Discrimination, Enrica N. Ruggs, Michelle R. Hebl, Cody B. Cox, Mark V. Roehling, Richard L. Weiner, Laura Barron

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article focuses attention on research examining workplace discrimination against employees from marginalized groups.We particularly consider the experiences of seven different groups of marginalized individuals, some of which have legal protection and some of which do not but all of whom we feel have been overlooked by the field of industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. We briefly describe the importance of studying each group and then delineate the brief amount of research that has been conducted. Finally, we make recommendations for I–O psychologists in terms of research and advocacy. Overall, we argue that I–O psychologists are missing an opportunity to be at …

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A Two-Factor Theory For Concussion Assessment Using Impact: Memory And Speed, Philip Schatz, Arthur C. Maerlender Jan 2013

A Two-Factor Theory For Concussion Assessment Using Impact: Memory And Speed, Philip Schatz, Arthur C. Maerlender

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We present the initial validation of a two-factor structure of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) using ImPACT composite scores and document the reliability and validity of this factor structure. Factor analyses were conducted for baseline (N = 21,537) and post-concussion (N = 560) data, yielding “Memory” (Verbal and Visual) and “Speed” (Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time) Factors; inclusion of Total Symptom Scores resulted in a third discrete factor. Speed and Memory z-scores were calculated, and test–retest reliability (using intra-class correlation coefficients) at 1 month (0.88/0.81), 1 year (0.85/0.75), and 2 years (0.76/0.74) were higher than published data …

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The Role Of Pubertal Timing And Temperamental Vulnerability In Adolescents’ Internalizing Symptoms, Lisa J. Crockett, Gustavo Carlo, Jennifer M. Wolff, Meredith O. Hope Jan 2013

The Role Of Pubertal Timing And Temperamental Vulnerability In Adolescents’ Internalizing Symptoms, Lisa J. Crockett, Gustavo Carlo, Jennifer M. Wolff, Meredith O. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This longitudinal study examined the joint role of pubertal timing and temperament variables (emotional reactivity and self-regulation) in predicting adolescents’ internalizing symptoms. The multiethnic sample included 1,025 adolescent girls and boys followed fromage 11 to age 15 (Mage¼11.03 years at Time 1). In structural equation models, age 11 measures of pubertal timing, emotional reactivity, and self-regulation and their interactions were used to predict adolescents’ internalizing behavior concurrently and at age 15. Results indicated that, among girls, early pubertal timing, higher emotional reactivity, and lower self-regulation predicted increased internalizing behavior. In addition, self-regulation moderated the effect of pubertal timing such that …

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Fostering Climate Change Education In The Central Great Plains: A Public Engagement Approach, Lisa M. Pytlikzillig, Timothy Steffensmeier, Amber Campbell Hibbs, Ben Champion, Eric Hunt, John A. Harrington, Jr., Jacqueline D. Spears, Natalie Umphlett, Tarik Abdel-Monem, Roger Bruning, Daniel Kahl Jan 2013

Fostering Climate Change Education In The Central Great Plains: A Public Engagement Approach, Lisa M. Pytlikzillig, Timothy Steffensmeier, Amber Campbell Hibbs, Ben Champion, Eric Hunt, John A. Harrington, Jr., Jacqueline D. Spears, Natalie Umphlett, Tarik Abdel-Monem, Roger Bruning, Daniel Kahl

Lisa PytlikZillig Publications

Despite its increasing importance for sustainability, building widespread competency in the basic principles of climate literacy among the United States general public is a great challenge. This article describes the methods and results of a public engagement approach to planning climate change education in the Central Great Plains of the United States. Our approach incorporated contextual and lay expertise approaches to public engagement with a focus on supporting the self-determination of the specific stakeholder groups–rural producers, educators, and community members. An integration of results from the focus groups reveal that our approach was received positively and elicited a number of …

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Sex Differences In Adult Cognitive Deficits After Adolescent Nicotine Exposure In Rats, Laura R.G. Pickens, James D. Rowan, Rick A. Bevins, Stephen B. Fountain Jan 2013

Sex Differences In Adult Cognitive Deficits After Adolescent Nicotine Exposure In Rats, Laura R.G. Pickens, James D. Rowan, Rick A. Bevins, Stephen B. Fountain

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study was designed to determine whether deficits in adult serial pattern learning caused by adolescent nicotine exposure persist as impairments in asymptotic performance, whether adolescent nicotine exposure differentially retards learning about pattern elements that are inconsistent with “perfect” pattern structure, and whether there are sex differences in rats’ response to adolescent nicotine exposure as assessed by a serial multiple choice task. The current study replicated the results of our initial report (Fountain, Rowan, Kelley, Willey, & Nolley, 2008) using this task by showing that adolescent nicotine exposure (1.0 mg/kg/day nicotine for 35 days) produced a specific cognitive impairment in …

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The Relationship Between Victimization And Substance Use Among Homeless And Runaway Female Adolescents, Kimberly A. Tyler, Sarah Gervais, Meghan Davidson Jan 2013

The Relationship Between Victimization And Substance Use Among Homeless And Runaway Female Adolescents, Kimberly A. Tyler, Sarah Gervais, Meghan Davidson

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Each year, thousands of female adolescents run away from home due to sexual abuse yet they continue to be victims of sexual assault once on the street. To date, few studies have examined how various forms of victimization are related to different types of substance use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between street exposure, childhood abuse, and different forms of street victimization with alcohol and marijuana use among 137 homeless and runaway female adolescents. Results from path analysis revealed that child sexual abuse was positively linked to trading sex and sexual and physical victimization. Additionally, …

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Olanzapine Sensitization And Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence To Adulthood In The Conditioned Avoidance Response Model, Jing Qiao, Hong Li, Ming Li Jan 2013

Olanzapine Sensitization And Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence To Adulthood In The Conditioned Avoidance Response Model, Jing Qiao, Hong Li, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Disruption of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rodents is one trademark feature of many antipsychotic drugs. In adult rats, repeated olanzapine (OLZ) treatment causes an enhanced disruption of avoidance response (sensitization), whereas repeated clozapine (CLZ) treatment causes a decreased disruption (tolerance). The present study addressed (1) whether OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance can be induced in adolescent rats, and (2) the extent to which OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance induced in adolescence persists into adulthood. Male adolescent Sprague–Dawley rats (approximate postnatal days (BP) 43–47) were first treated with OLZ (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)) or CLZ (10 or 20 …

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Avoidance Disruptive Effect Of Clozapine And Olanzapine Is Potentiated By Increasing The Test Trials: Further Test Of The Motivational Salience Hypothesis, Min Feng, Nan Sui, Ming Li Jan 2013

Avoidance Disruptive Effect Of Clozapine And Olanzapine Is Potentiated By Increasing The Test Trials: Further Test Of The Motivational Salience Hypothesis, Min Feng, Nan Sui, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Antipsychotic drugs suppress animals’ ability to avoid an aversive stimulus in the conditioned avoidance response model (CAR). This behavioral effect is thought to reflect antipsychotic activity and is suggested to be mediated by a drug’s action in attenuating the motivational salience of a conditioned stimulus (CS). In the present study, we tested whether atypical antipsychotic drugs clozapine and olanzapine act through this behavioral mechanism by manipulating the number of avoidance test trials. We reasoned that more CS trials in the present of clozapine or olanzapine would afford the drug more opportunities to decrease the motivational salience of the CS, thus …

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Achieving Integration In Mixed Methods Designs—Principles And Practices, Michael D. Fetters, Leslie A. Curry, John W. Creswell Jan 2013

Achieving Integration In Mixed Methods Designs—Principles And Practices, Michael D. Fetters, Leslie A. Curry, John W. Creswell

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems in health and health care. This article describes integration principles and practices at three levels in mixed methods research and provides illustrative examples. Integration at the study design level occurs through three basic mixed method designs—exploratory sequential, explanatory sequential, and convergent—and through four advanced frameworks—multistage, intervention, case study, and participatory. Integration at the methods level occurs through four approaches. In connecting, one database links to the other through sampling. With building, one database informs the data collection approach of the other. When merging, the two databases are brought …

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Assessing Connections Between Young Children’S Affinity For Nature And Their Experiences In Natural Outdoor Settings In Preschools, Camilla S. Rice, Julia C. Torquati Jan 2013

Assessing Connections Between Young Children’S Affinity For Nature And Their Experiences In Natural Outdoor Settings In Preschools, Camilla S. Rice, Julia C. Torquati

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

The purposes of this research were to: develop a reliable measure of children’s affinity for nature or “biophilia”; determine whether young children’s biophilia was related to the “green-ness” of the outdoor play area of the preschool they attend; examine whether demographic variables are associated with children’s biophilia; and determine whether demographic variables predict children’s enrollment in nature-oriented programs. We recruited children from ten early childhood education programs—six that had outdoor play spaces with many natural elements and four that had few or none of these elements. One hundred fourteen preschool-aged children completed an 11-item measure of biophilia that included preferences …

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Beyond The Walls: Conceptualizing Natural Environments As “Third Educators”, Julia C. Torquati, Julie A. Ernst Jan 2013

Beyond The Walls: Conceptualizing Natural Environments As “Third Educators”, Julia C. Torquati, Julie A. Ernst

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

This research examined preservice early childhood educators’ perceptions of outdoor settings and their intentions to use outdoor settings in their teaching practice. Students enrolled in an early childhood education program (n = 110) at a university in the Great Lakes region completed surveys that assessed perceptions of natural settings, intentions to use natural settings in future teaching, knowledge of the benefits of nature for children, and personal nature relatedness. Participants reported relatively high intentions to use natural settings in future teaching, as well as knowledge of the benefits of nature for children, but moderate levels of personal nature relatedness. Participants …

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Spiritual Well-Being And Its Relationship To Resilience In Young People: A Mixed Methods Case Study, Lindsay Smith, Ruth Webber, Erica Defrain Jan 2013

Spiritual Well-Being And Its Relationship To Resilience In Young People: A Mixed Methods Case Study, Lindsay Smith, Ruth Webber, Erica Defrain

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Questions have arisen recently about the role of spiritual well-being in strengthening resilience of youth. To explore this association, this case study focused on the relationships and connectedness of young people who attend one religious organization as a means of enhancing their spiritual well-being. In line with the purposes of an instrumental case study, different sources of data (quantitative and qualitative) were collected on the phenomenon of interest—spiritual well-being. A theoretical purposive sample of 65 people participated in the study. A mixed methods research approach guided this case study, which incorporated both single- and multicase study techniques. Through an abductive …

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The Lives Of Others: Social Rationality In Animals, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Andrew J. King Jan 2013

The Lives Of Others: Social Rationality In Animals, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Andrew J. King

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

Darwin (1871) boldly claimed that humans and other animals differ very little in their cognition; a statement that has raised the ire of many scientists (Bolhuis & Wynne, 2009; Penn, Holyoak, & Povinelli, 2008). Rather than stating this continuity as a fact, we will explore the similarities and differences between humans and animals in the social rationality of their decision making. We find this a fruitful exercise because it can profit researchers of both humans and animals. Our purpose here is to provide an evolutionary background of social rationality: Why do animals attend to the lives of others? To this …

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Changing Room Cues Reduces The Effects Of Proactive Interference In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Jody L. Lewis, Alan C. Kamil, Kate E. Webbink Jan 2013

Changing Room Cues Reduces The Effects Of Proactive Interference In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Jody L. Lewis, Alan C. Kamil, Kate E. Webbink

Avian Cognition Papers

To determine what factors are important for minimizing interference effects in spatial memory, Clark’s Nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana were tested for their spatial memory for two serial lists of locations per day. In this experiment two unique landmark sets were either different between List 1 and List 2 or the same. We found that Nutcrackers were most susceptible to interference when the landmark sets were the same. This study suggests that repeatedly testing animal memory in the same room, with the same cues, can hamper recall due to interference.

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Differences In Relative Hippocampus Volume And Number Of Hippocampus Neurons Among Five Corvid Species, Kristy L. Gould, Karl E. Gilbertson, Andrew J. Hrvol, Joseph C. Nelson, Abigail L. Seyfer, Rose M. Brantner, Alan C. Kamil Jan 2013

Differences In Relative Hippocampus Volume And Number Of Hippocampus Neurons Among Five Corvid Species, Kristy L. Gould, Karl E. Gilbertson, Andrew J. Hrvol, Joseph C. Nelson, Abigail L. Seyfer, Rose M. Brantner, Alan C. Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

The relative size of the avian hippocampus (Hp) has been shown to be related to spatial memory and food storing in two avian families, the parids and corvids. Basil et al. [Brain Behav Evol 1996;47: 156-164] examined North American food-storing birds in the corvid family and found that Clark’s nutcrackers had a larger relative Hp than pinyon jays and Western scrub jays. These results correlated with the nutcracker’s better performance on most spatial memory tasks and their strong reliance on stored food in the wild. However, Pravosudov and de Kort [Brain Behav Evol 67 (2006), 1-9] raised questions …

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Relations Of Parenting Quality, Interparental Conflict, And Overnights With Mental Health Problems Of Children In Divorcing Families With High Legal Conflict, Irwin N. Sandler, Lorey A. Wheeler, Sanford L. Braver Jan 2013

Relations Of Parenting Quality, Interparental Conflict, And Overnights With Mental Health Problems Of Children In Divorcing Families With High Legal Conflict, Irwin N. Sandler, Lorey A. Wheeler, Sanford L. Braver

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

The current study examined the associations between child mental health problems and the quality of maternal and paternal parenting, and how these associations were moderated by three contextual factors, quality of parenting by the other parent, interparental conflict, and the number of overnights parents had with the child. Data for the current study come from a sample of divorcing families who are in high legal conflict over developing or maintaining a parenting plan following divorce. Analyses revealed that the associations between child mental health problems and positive maternal and paternal parenting were moderated by the quality of parenting provided by …

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Adolescents Occupational And Educational Goals: A Test Of Reciprocal Relations, Sarah J. Beal, Lisa J. Crockett Jan 2013

Adolescents Occupational And Educational Goals: A Test Of Reciprocal Relations, Sarah J. Beal, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

During adolescence, young people’s future aspirations and expectations begin to crystallize, especially in the domains of education and occupation. Much of the research in this area has emphasized development within a particular domain (e.g., education) and relations between aspirations and expectations across domains remain largely unexplored, resulting in a lack of information on how goals develop in tandem and affect each other. It is also unclear whether these developmental processes differ by gender and socioeconomic status. We tested reciprocal effects between occupational and educational goals using a longitudinal sample of 636 adolescents (52% boys). Results from dynamic systems models indicated …

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On Consistency Of Self- And Proxy-Reported Regular Smoking Initiation Age, Julia N. Soulakova, Brianna C. Bright, Lisa J. Crockett Jan 2013

On Consistency Of Self- And Proxy-Reported Regular Smoking Initiation Age, Julia N. Soulakova, Brianna C. Bright, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Early onset of smoking is associated with heavier tobacco consumption and longer smoking careers. Consequently, obtaining accurate estimates of early smoking is a priority. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of proxy reports of the age of smoking initiation, and specifically to explore whether there are differences in the consistency of proxy-reported and self-reported smoking behaviors. Data came from the 2002–2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, where the current smoking behaviors and smoking history of participants were reported by self-and proxy-respondents on two occasions, one year apart. Sequential multiple-testing methods were used to …

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Reducing Courts’ Failure-To-Appear Rate By Written Reminders, Brian H. Bornstein, Alan Tomkins, Elizabeth Neeley, Mitchel Herian, Joseph A. Hamm Jan 2013

Reducing Courts’ Failure-To-Appear Rate By Written Reminders, Brian H. Bornstein, Alan Tomkins, Elizabeth Neeley, Mitchel Herian, Joseph A. Hamm

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article examines the effectiveness of using different kinds of written reminders to reduce misdemeanor defendants’ failure- to-appear (FTA) rates. A subset of defendants was surveyed after their scheduled court date to assess their perceptions of procedural justice and trust and confidence in the courts. Reminders reduced FTA overall, and more substantive reminders (e.g., with information on the negative consequences of FTA) were more effective than a simple reminder. FTA varied depending on several offense and offender characteristics, such as geographic location (urban vs. rural), type of offense, and number of offenses. The reminders were somewhat more effective for Whites …

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When Will We Meet Again? Regularities Of Social Connectivity As Reflected In Memory And Decision Making, Thorsten Pachur, Lael J. Schooler, Jeffrey R. Stevens Jan 2013

When Will We Meet Again? Regularities Of Social Connectivity As Reflected In Memory And Decision Making, Thorsten Pachur, Lael J. Schooler, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In 1967, the social psychologist Stanley Milgram reported a fascinating observation. For a study on social connectivity, he randomly picked several individuals in Wichita, Kansas, and asked them to get a message delivered to a particular target person in Cambridge, Massachusetts—a distance of more than 1,300 miles. There were two catches. First, Milgram provided no address but only the name and some basic information about the target person, such as the area where he lived and his profession (the target person was the same for everybody). Second, people could only forward the message to someone they knew on a firstname …

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Child Maltreatment Severity And Adult Trauma Symptoms: Does Perceived Social Support Play A Buffering Role?, Sarah E. Evans, Anne L. Steel, David Dilillo Jan 2013

Child Maltreatment Severity And Adult Trauma Symptoms: Does Perceived Social Support Play A Buffering Role?, Sarah E. Evans, Anne L. Steel, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: The current study investigates the moderating effect of perceived social support on asso-ciations between child maltreatment severity and adult trauma symptoms. We extend the existing literature by examining the roles of severity of multiple maltreatment types (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and gender in this process. Methods: The sam-ple included 372 newlywed individuals recruited from marriage license records. Participants com-pleted a number of self-report questionnaires measuring the nature and severity of child maltreat-ment history, perceived social support from friends and family, and trauma-related symptoms. These questionnaires were part of a larger study that investigated …

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Ovulation, In Vivo Emotion Regulation Problems, And Sexual Risk Recognition Deficits, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo Jan 2013

Ovulation, In Vivo Emotion Regulation Problems, And Sexual Risk Recognition Deficits, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine associations between menstrual cycle phase, negative mood, sexual risk recog-nition deficits (assessed via an analogue risk vignette), and in vivo emotion dysregulation. Partici-pants: Participants were 714 college women recruited between February 2007 and December 2009. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a negative or neutral mood induction and in-structed to identify sexual risk during an audiotaped sexual coercion vignette. Participants reported menstrual cycle information, in vivo emotional nonacceptance, and attention during the vignette. Results: In the negative mood condition, ovulation was associated with longer risk recognition laten-cies relative to the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual …

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Mechanism In The Relationship Between Early Sexual Victimization And Incapacitated/ Drug-Or-Alcohol-Facilitated And Forcible Rape, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo, Alicia Klanecky, Dennis Mcchargue Jan 2013

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Mechanism In The Relationship Between Early Sexual Victimization And Incapacitated/ Drug-Or-Alcohol-Facilitated And Forcible Rape, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo, Alicia Klanecky, Dennis Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administra-tion of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol-facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particu-larly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical restraint). The present investigation tested a model of risk for IR/DAFR and FR suggesting that child or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) leads to posttraumatic stress disorder …

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The Mediating Effect Of Hostility Toward Women On The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse And Sexual Violence Perpetration, Alania M. Vivolo-Kantor, Sarah Degue, David Dilillo, Lorraine E. Cuadra Jan 2013

The Mediating Effect Of Hostility Toward Women On The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse And Sexual Violence Perpetration, Alania M. Vivolo-Kantor, Sarah Degue, David Dilillo, Lorraine E. Cuadra

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Some evidence suggests that childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may serve as a risk factor for sexual violence (SV) perpetration; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which CEA may influence SV. This study examined the relationship between CEA and SV by assessing the mediating role of hostility toward women (HTW) in a sample of adjudicated adult males (N = 360). Approximately 1 in 5 participants was classified as sexually violent based on self-reported behavior and/or criminal records. Results indicated that CEA significantly predicted HTW and SV, and HTW significantly predicted SV. As hypothesized, the relationship between CEA and SV …

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Discriminant Construct Validity Of Impact™: A Companion Study, Arthur C. Maerlender, L. Flashman, A. Kessler, S. Kumbhani, R. Greenwald, Dartmouth College Toteson, T. Mcallister Jan 2013

Discriminant Construct Validity Of Impact™: A Companion Study, Arthur C. Maerlender, L. Flashman, A. Kessler, S. Kumbhani, R. Greenwald, Dartmouth College Toteson, T. Mcallister

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In a previous analysis of ImPACT scores relative to traditional neuropsychological tests (NP) and experimental tasks (Maerlender et al., 2010) we demonstrated convergent construct validity for the primary ImPACT test-score composites. A complete analysis of discriminant validity was not undertaken at that time. Here, test scores from the 54 collegiate football and hockey players were re-analyzed to specifically address the discriminant validity of the ImPACT composite scores using a multiply operationalized correlation matrix of multitrait multi-method data. In the method used here, discriminant validity is determined by obtaining non-significant correlations between a target score when correlated with the average of …

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Interoceptive Conditioning In Rats: Effects Of Using A Single Training Dose Or A Set Of 5 Different Doses Of Nicotine, Steven T. Pittenger, Rick A. Bevins Jan 2013

Interoceptive Conditioning In Rats: Effects Of Using A Single Training Dose Or A Set Of 5 Different Doses Of Nicotine, Steven T. Pittenger, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Interoceptive conditioning contributes to the tenacity of nicotine dependence. Previous research investigating nicotine as an interoceptive stimulus has typically employed administration of a single training dose of nicotine over an extended time. This approach has allowed for careful study of the nicotine stimulus. In humans, the nicotine stimulus is unlikely to be fixed across learning episodes. Thus, from a translational perspective, systematic variation of nicotine dose in training might better approximate interoceptive conditioning in humans. Notably, training with a class or set of discrete exteroceptive stimuli (e.g., different pictures of cars) produces interesting behavioral differences relative to training with a …

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Perceptions Of Campus Climate By Sexual Minorities, Patricia A. Tetreault, Ryan Fette, Peter C. Meidlinger, Debra A. Hope Jan 2013

Perceptions Of Campus Climate By Sexual Minorities, Patricia A. Tetreault, Ryan Fette, Peter C. Meidlinger, Debra A. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has indicated that students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) often have negative experiences on university campuses due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. Direct and indirect experiences contribute to an overall perception of the campus climate. This study used an online survey to assess students’ perceptions of campus climate, their experiences confronting bias, support of family members and friends, and whether they had considered leaving campus. Multiple regression analysis indicated that perceptions of poorer campus climate were predicted by greater unfair treatment by instructors, more impact from anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer …

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Will The Real Reasonable Person Please Stand Up? Using Psychology To Better Understand And Apply The Reasonable Person Standard, Ashley M. Votruba Jan 2013

Will The Real Reasonable Person Please Stand Up? Using Psychology To Better Understand And Apply The Reasonable Person Standard, Ashley M. Votruba

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article will consist of four main parts. Part I will review the historical and current Reasonable Person Standard. More specifically, it will discuss a brief history of the common law negligence standard leading to the current commonly used Reasonable Person Standard, review the current American Law Institute ("ALI") language of the Reasonable Person Standard, and briefly outline the three most common legal theorist conceptualizations of the negligence standard in order to provide a review of the current understanding of the negligence standard. Part II will then examine the importance of the jury and the limited instruction they are provided …

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