Psychology Commons^™

Relating Color Blind Racial Attitudes, Social Dominance Orientation And Just World Beliefs, Jennifer Marie Kestner

Dissertations

This research study explored the relationship between Just World Beliefs, Social Dominance Orientation, and Color-blind Racial Attitudes. Beliefs in Just World (BJW) asserts that people believe in a world where, in general, good things happen to those that are good and bad things happen to those that are bad. Research has shown that just world beliefs can be adaptive and protective, but unhealthy behaviors and attitudes can develop in an effort to defend these beliefs. For example, individuals with high beliefs tend to blame victims, deny the reality of social inequality, and hold prejudiced attitudes. Similar constructs related to attitudes …

The Role Of Expectations As Determinants Of Satisfaction In An Outpatient Care Setting, Jan Strohmeyer Brien

Dissertations

Understanding patient satisfaction is a central theme in today's healthcare landscape. The role of patient expectations and its impact on patient satisfaction has not been well understood in the context of a viable theoretical model. Thibault and Kelly's Theory of Interpersonal Relations and constructs of expectations in relationships are used to develop a framework for identifying the main factors driving both expectations and satisfaction. Measures are developed for comparison level of current outcomes compared to expectations (CL), comparison level of alternatives to care (CLalt), investment in selecting a physician, and prior satisfaction. Participants included a random sample of 500 primary …

Children's Use Of The Shape Bias In The Presence Of Different Instructions, Object Types, And Emotion Cues, Vanessa Raschke

Master's Theses

This study explored the prevalence of the shape bias in children when faced with multiple perceptual cues. Three-to six-year-olds were shown three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional representations of these objects, half of which had emotional faces depicted on them. Of interest was whether attention to emotion would alter children's bias towards the shape of the object and how dimensionality and instruction type would affect the children's choices. The older children were equally likely to use emotion matches as shape matches, but this was not the case for the younger children, who were almost exclusively focused on shape. The non-lexical instructions induced …

Use Of Mmpi-2 To Predict Cognitive Effort: A Hierarchically Optimal Classification Tree Analysis, Colette M. Smart, Nathaniel W. Nelson, Jerry J. Sweet, Fred B. Bryant, David Tr Berry, Robert P. Granacher, Robert L. Heilbonner

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Neuropsychologists routinely rely on response validity measures to evaluate the authenticity of test performances. However, the relationship between cognitive and psychological response validity measures is not clearly understood. It remains to be seen whether psychological test results can predict the outcome of response validity testing in clinical and civil forensic samples. The present analysis applied a unique statistical approach, classification tree methodology (Optimal Data Analysis: ODA), in a sample of 307 individuals who had completed the MMPI-2 and a variety of cognitive effort measures. One hundred ninety-eight participants were evaluated in a secondary gain context, and 109 had no identifiable …

Neurocognitive Process Constraints On Analogy: What Changes To Allow Children To Reason Like Adults?, Robert G. Morrison, Soohyun Cho

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Analogy employs a neurocognitive working-memory (WM) system to activate and bind relational representations, integrate multiple relations, and suppress distracting information. Analogy experiments exploring these processes have used a variety of methodologies including dual tasks, neuropsychology, and functional neuroimaging, as well as experiments with children and older adults. Collectively, these experiments provide a rich set of results useful in evaluating any model of analogy and its development.

Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Patients Following Selected Types Of Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Pilot Study, Karen L. Saban, Sue M. Penckofer, Ida Androwich, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background

Over 500,000 spinal surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Although pain relief and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are expectations following lumbar spinal surgery, there is limited research regarding this experience from the individual's perspective. In addition, no studies have examined the HRQOL of persons who have had this surgery using a comprehensive approach. The intent of this study was to address this deficiency by an assessment of both the individual and environmental factors that impact perceived HRQOL using the Wilson and Cleary Model for Health-Related Quality of Life in persons who have undergone lumbar spinal …

Daily Interpersonal Stress And The Stressor–Vulnerability Model Of Alcohol Use, Stephen Armeli, Tracy Dehart, Howard Tennen, Michael Todd, Glenn Affleck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We used an experience sampling design to examine the within–person, within–day associations among interpersonal stress, negative affect, and alcohol use, and how these associations varied as a function of alcohol–outcome expectancies (AOEs), avoidance coping style, sex, and neuroticism. Ninety–eight community adult drinkers who wanted to reduce their alcohol consumption (49 women) reported for 21 days on their interpersonal stress and affect (three times per day), and alcohol use (as it occurred) using hand–held computers. Several individual difference factors interacted with daytime interpersonal stress and afternoon negative affect in predicting nighttime alcohol use, with individuals high in careless unconcern AOEs or …

Response Validity In Forensic Neuropsychology: Exploratory Factor Analytic Evidence Of Distinct Cognitive And Psychological Constructs, Nathaniel W. Nelson, Jerry J. Sweet, David Tr Berry, Fred B. Bryant, Robert P. Granacher

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Forensic neuropsychology studies usually address either cognitive effort or psychological response validity. Whether these are distinct constructs is unclear. In 122 participants evaluated in a compensation-seeking context, the present Exploratory Factor Analysis examined whether forced-choice cognitive effort measures (Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Test of Memory Malingering, Letter Memory Test) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2) validity scales (L, F, K, FBS, Fp, RBS, Md, Dsr2, S) load on independent factors. Regardless of factor rotation strategy (orthogonal or oblique), four response validity factors emerged by means of both Principal Components Analysis (82.7% total variance) and Principal-Axis Factor Analysis (74.1% …

The Impact Of Violence Exposure On Sexually Abusive Behavior In Types Of Adolescent Sex Offenders, Emily Sarah Edlynn

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Predicting Repeated Sexual Behavior Problems Among Youth: A Hierarchically Optimal Classification Tree Analysis, David J. Morgan

Dissertations

This study examined characteristics of youth with sexual behavior problems (N = 251) followed over approximately two years and applied Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) via Optimal Data Analysis (ODA) to produce a hierarchically optimal classification model to predict recurrence of SBP over time. This study was designed to address problems with clinical judgment leading to inaccurate diagnosis and in some cases, incorrect treatment or placement of the youth by ascertaining if an actuarial model designed to optimize classification accuracy might be more helpful in directing diagnosis and treatment for these youth. Results suggest initial event severity influences the potential for …

Toward A Cleaner Whiteness: New Racial Identities, David Ingram

Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The article re-examines racial and ethnic identity within the context of pedagogical attempts to instill a positive white identity in white students who are conscious of the history of white racism and white privilege. The paper draws heavily from whiteness studies and developmental cognitive science in arguing (against Henry Giroux and Stuart Hall) that a positive notion of white identity, however postmodern its construction, is an oxymoron, since whiteness designates less a cultural/ethnic ethos and meaningful way of life than a pathological structure of privilege and narrowminded cognitive habitus.

Applying The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Of Hiv- Risk To Youth In Psychiatric Care, Geri R. Donenberg, Rebecca Moss Schwartz, Erin Emerson, Helen W. Wilson, Fred B. Bryant, Gloria Coleman

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This study examined the utility of cognitive and behavioral constructs (AIDS in-formation, motivation, and behavioral skills) in explaining sexual risk taking among 172 12–20–year-old ethnically diverse urban youths in outpatient psy-chiatric care. Structural equation modeling revealed only moderate support for the model, explaining low to moderate levels of variance in global sexual risk taking. The amount of explained variance improved when age was included as a predictor in the model. Findings shed light on the contribution of AIDS informa-tion, motivation, and behavioral skills to risky sexual behavior among teens re-ceiving outpatient psychiatric care. Results suggest that cognitive and behavioral factors …

A Neurocomputational Model Of Analogical Reasoning And Its Breakdown In Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Robert G. Morrison, Daniel C. Krawczyk, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Tiffany Chow, Bruce L. Miller, Barbara J. Knowlton

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Analogy is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to impairments in working memory and inhibitory abilities, whereas temporal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the ‘‘Learning and Inference with Schemas …

Implicit Dependency Regulation: Self-Esteem, Relationship Closeness, And Implicit Evaluations Of Close Others, Tracy Dehart, Brett Pelham, Sandra Murray

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We argue that people possess implicit evaluations of close others and that dependency regulation processes moderate these implicit evaluations. Study 1 revealed that implicit evaluations of romantic partners for people with high explicit self-esteem were not contingent on how things were currently going in their relationships. In contrast, the implicit evaluations of romantic partners for people with low explicit self-esteem were contingent on how things were currently going in their relationships. That is, people with low self-esteem liked their partners’ name letters only if the relationship was currently going well. Study 2 revealed a conceptually similar pattern of results for …

Distinguishing Hope And Optimism: Two Sides Of A Coin, Or Two Separate Coins?, Fred B. Bryant, Jamie A. Cvengros

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses about (a) the dimensionality of measures of dispositional hope (the Adult Hope Scale, AHS) and dispositional optimism (the Life Orientation Test, LOT), (b) the extent and source of conceptual overlap and divergence between hope and optimism, and (c) patterns of discriminant validity for each trait. Separate two-factor models best fit the hope (Agency and Pathways, r = .68) and optimism (Optimism and Pessimism, r = -.63) data. Analyzing the combined AHS and LOT data, a measurement model with separate, correlated second-order factors of Hope and Optimism ( r = .80) provided a …

Holding The Line With A Watchful Eye: Parental Monitoring And Parental Permissiveness And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents In Psychiatric Care, Geri R. Donenberg, Helen W. Wilson, Erin Emerson, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Adolescents in psychiatric care are at increased risk of HIV, yet little is known about the family factors related to sexual risk taking among these youth. We explored whether perceived parental monitoring and perceived parental permissiveness were linked to high-risk sexual behavior in 169 ethnically diverse urban youth seeking mental health services in Chicago, and we tested whether adolescent gender moderated these associations. We evaluated sexual risk taking at a global level and for specific risk behaviors (e.g., sex without a condom, sex while using drugs and alcohol). Girls reported more risky sex overall than boys, and girls were more …

Decisional And Behavioral Procrastination: How They Relate To Self-Discrepancies, Lucia E. Orellana-Damacela, R Scott Tindale, Yolanda Suárez-Balcázar

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A self-discrepancy is a gap between the perceived real self and other standards like the ideal self. One hundred and eighty-one college students completed a self-report measure of self-discrepancies and decisional and behavioral procrastination. Regression analysis showed that overall dysfunctional procrastination (the composite measure of both kinds of procrastination) significantly varied as a function of self-discrepancies. The amount of variance explained was small. Those scoring high in self-discrepancies were more likely to be dysfunctional procrastinators than those scoring low. The discrepancy between the actual-self and the ought-to self was the strongest predictor of dysfunctional procrastination. When decisional and behavioral procrastination …

The Effects Of Priming On Children's Attitudes Toward The Elderly, Sony Hoe

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Baltar Sexual Identity Inventory, Female Form: A Multidimensional Measure Of Sexual Identity, Joseph F. Baltar

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Contextual And Subjective Experience Of Alcohol Use Incaucasian Adolescents' Daily Lives, Paul Crowe

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Breast Size On Hiring Decisions For Different Job Types, Carol Laurent Jarzyna

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Adjustment Of Hearing-Impaired Children: Risk And Resistance Factors, Karen L. Burk-Paull

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Transition From College To Employment: Relationships Among Career Preparation, Values, Career Identity, Career Decideness, Self-Esteem, And Subjective Well-Being, Bradley R. Fulton

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Baltar Sexual Identity Inventory, Female Form: A Multidimensional Measure Of Sexual Identity, Joseph F. Baltar

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Sobriety Among Drug Abusing Offenders, Sentenced To Probation, Sigurlina Davidsdottir

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Subjective Well-Being Of Inner City Resilient And Non-Resilient Young Adolescents, Lynda L. Cafasso

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Counseling Trainees' Attitiudes Toward Homosexuality And Conversion Therapy C Tiffany Cannon., Tiffany Cannon

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Self And Family Expressiveness On The Expression Of Anger In Two Samples Of Adolescents, Helen Hirschfeld

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Loudness Recalibration As A Function Of Signal Level, Riordan Dan Mapes-

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Mexican-American Women's Response To Violence As A Function Of Sex-Role, Locus Of Control, And Level Of Acculturation, Ana Irene Gonzalez Juan

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.