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Articles 421 - 450 of 818
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Socially Oriented Negative Self-Referent Cognition : The Development And Validation Of A Measure, Brittany Moree Rudy
Socially Oriented Negative Self-Referent Cognition : The Development And Validation Of A Measure, Brittany Moree Rudy
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Social phobia, a debilitating disorder among children and adolescents, is thought to be made up of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components. However, in children, the cognitive component of this disorder has been largely neglected by researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create and validate a new instrument, the "Socially Oriented Negative Anxious Statement (SONAS) scale,” that assesses socially oriented negative self-referent cognition in a younger population. Measurement validation procedures including, reliability, validity, and factor analysis, were utilized to examine the proposed questionnaire. Results indicated that the SONAS scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, including a sound two-factor structure …
Academic Self-Monitoring In College Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Mindy C. Scheithauer
Academic Self-Monitoring In College Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Mindy C. Scheithauer
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Self-monitoring is an intervention that can result in behavior change by having individuals observe and record their own behavior. Self-monitoring has received empirical support in changing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) related behaviors in children, but there is scarce research regarding self-monitoring with adults with ADHD. The current study implemented a self-monitoring intervention aimed at improving academic behavior and medication adherence in college students with ADHD. The self-monitoring intervention included study skills training, goal-setting, identification of individualized self-monitoring behavior, and follow-up meetings to discuss progress. The participants were asked to monitor their behavior on a daily basis using an electronic system. Compared …
Detecting Malingered Adhd Using The Personality Assessment Inventory : An Exploratory Analysis In College Students, Mandi Wilkes Musso
Detecting Malingered Adhd Using The Personality Assessment Inventory : An Exploratory Analysis In College Students, Mandi Wilkes Musso
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Background: There has been a growing interest in assessment of effort during psychoeducational evaluations, where students may feign symptoms of ADHD to obtain academic accommodations or stimulant medications. Current research suggests most ADHD questionnaires and neuropsychological tests do not adequately distinguish clinical ADHD from simulated ADHD. Objective: The purpose of the current study is to develop an embedded malingering index in the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) specifically for detecting feigned ADHD in college students. Method: A sample of 310 undergraduate students were separated into three groups, ADHD Simulators, Prospective ADHD, and College controls. In addition, this study used archival data …
Treatment Integrity Failures Matched To Behavioral Function, Joanna Elizabeth Lomas Mevers
Treatment Integrity Failures Matched To Behavioral Function, Joanna Elizabeth Lomas Mevers
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Prior research on treatment integrity has focused on either the lack of measurement of the independent variable (Peterson, Homer & Wonderlich, 1982; Gresham, Gansle & Noel, 1993; Wheeler, Baggett, Fox & Blevins, 2006; McIntyre, Gresham, DiGennaro & Reed, 2007; Sanetti, Gritter & Dobey, 2011) or on methods to increase overall levels of treatment integrity(Witt, Noell, LaFleur & Mortenson, 1997; Noell, Witt, Gilbertson, Ranier & Freeland,1997; Noell et al., 2005). Yet little research has been devoted to understanding the effectiveness of common interventions when those interventions are implemented with less than perfect integrity. The current investigation evaluated the effectiveness of using …
Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses Of The Symptom Structure For Autism Spectrum Disorders Using The Baby And The Infant Screen For Children With Autism Traits, Megan Sipes
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Since autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were first identified, the diagnostic criteria and conceptualization of symptom structure have undergone many revisions. Currently, under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2000), ASD is defined by three symptom categories: impairments in socialization, deficits in communication, and repetitive/restricted behaviors. With the publication of the DSM-5 (APA, 2011), however, ASD will be defined by a two symptom cluster structure in which the main impairments are in the areas of social communication and restricted/repetitive behaviors. With these changes, many assessment measures will need to be re-examined to …
Memory For Elements Of A Complex Scene : Binding And The Influence Of Attention, Stephanie L. Martin
Memory For Elements Of A Complex Scene : Binding And The Influence Of Attention, Stephanie L. Martin
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Memory of a complex event includes a multitude of features (e.g., objects, people, and actions) as well as the overall context (e.g., going to a picnic). To recall a complex event you must bind together these features and context into an episodic memory representation. This process of binding creates the subjective experience that certain details belong together. In two experiments, I examined whether particular types of information are bound together (object-to-object, object-to-context) within a memory representation of a scene and how attention may influence this process. Participants viewed a series of scenes and their attention was drawn to some objects …
Exploration Of Comorbid Psychopathology Symptoms In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Matthew Jason Konst
Exploration Of Comorbid Psychopathology Symptoms In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Matthew Jason Konst
LSU Master's Theses
One area of research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) involves efforts to better understand symptom manifestation at earlier points in an individual’s life. Researchers have consistently emphasized the importance of early intervention for children with an ASD, but the determination of the most efficacious treatment approach is often established on a case-by-case basis by taking into consideration an individual’s specific needs. The need for such individualized treatment approaches is accentuated by the high prevalence of comorbid psychopathology within the ASD population. The study of comorbid disorders among young children with ASDs has been hindered by a lack …
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Measurement Methods Of Treatment Integrity Using The Good Behavior Game Classroom Intervention, Kristen Colleen O'Leary
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Measurement Methods Of Treatment Integrity Using The Good Behavior Game Classroom Intervention, Kristen Colleen O'Leary
LSU Master's Theses
School psychologists must often hand over the interventions they plan to be carried out by others. Collecting treatment integrity is a way to ensure that the interventions are being properly implemented according to the treatment plan. Treatment integrity can be measured in a variety of ways: direct observation, self-report, and permanent product, to name a few. However, little research has been done to see if these different methods are capturing the same information about the accuracy with which interventions are being implemented. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to collect all three types of integrity for a single intervention, …
The Effects Of Emotional Arousal On Item And Associative Memory, Leslie Ann Butler
The Effects Of Emotional Arousal On Item And Associative Memory, Leslie Ann Butler
LSU Master's Theses
Although the conclusions of research examining the impact of emotional arousal on associative memory are mixed (e.g., Mather & Nesmith, 2008; Zimmerman & Kelley, 2010), it has recently been suggested that associative memory should be enhanced by arousal when encoding is intentional rather than incidental (Mather & Sutherland, 2011). Research has also suggested that arousing items are more subject to interference effects in memory than non-arousing items. These predictions were explored across two experiments. In both experiments, participants intentionally encoded a series of picture pairs that consisted of two neutral pictures, two negatively arousing pictures, or one neutral picture and …
Examining The Differential Effects Of The Mystery Motivator Intervention Using Chosen Versus Unknown Reinforcers, Natalie Marie Robichaux
Examining The Differential Effects Of The Mystery Motivator Intervention Using Chosen Versus Unknown Reinforcers, Natalie Marie Robichaux
LSU Master's Theses
Disruptive classroom behaviors are among the most prevalent of childhood problems and are associated with reduced instruction time, poor academic achievement, and persistent behavior problems throughout childhood. Class-wide interventions, such as the Mystery Motivator, are an easy and time efficient way to increase the level of classroom management and remediate disruptive behavior patterns. Although the effectiveness of class-wide interventions is well documented, the literature is still inconsistent as to which type of reinforcement is more effective when using behavioral interventions. Some research suggests individuals prefer a choice in reinforcement, while other research suggests choice is just as preferred as reinforcement …
Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Negative Affect And Urge To Drink Among College Student Drinkers, Christine Vinci
Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Negative Affect And Urge To Drink Among College Student Drinkers, Christine Vinci
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Problematic college student drinking can predict the subsequent development of severe alcohol use patterns. Several theories have proposed that negative affect (NA) plays a large role in the maintenance of substance use behaviors – a phenomenon supported in laboratory-based and clinical studies. It has been demonstrated that mindfulness meditation can improve the regulation of NA, suggesting that mindfulness may be very beneficial in treating problematic substance use behavior. The present study utilized a brief mindfulness intervention, followed by a NA mood induction in a sample of college student problematic drinkers (N = 207). A three by two by three factorial …
Time Of Day Preferences And Resource Allocation, Alicia Marie Briganti
Time Of Day Preferences And Resource Allocation, Alicia Marie Briganti
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previous studies have shown that circadian rhythms can have a significant impact on cognitive task performance (Bodenhausen, 1990; May, Hasher, & Stoltzfus, 1993), and that performance is better during participants’ optimal time of day for explicit memory tasks and for tasks where inhibition of responses is required. Researchers have concluded that deficits during one’s non-optimal time of day are due to inefficient inhibition (e.g., May & Hasher, 1998). However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed possible changes in resource allocation, or the amount of resources that are allocated to the primary task versus the amount of resources used to actively …
Generalizabiity And Dependability Of Brief Behavior Rating Scales For Social Skills, Lisa L. Minor
Generalizabiity And Dependability Of Brief Behavior Rating Scales For Social Skills, Lisa L. Minor
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
While there are appropriate tools to progress monitor academics, there is no universally accepted tool to progress monitor social behavior. The current study proposed the development of a series of brief behavior rating scales to correspond to important social skills domains on the Social Skills Rating Scale (Gresham & Elliott, 2008) and to evaluate the resulting psychometric features through generalizability theory. Data was collected in a preschool classroom in a 6 persons by 2 rater by 6-7 items by occasions mixed model design. Data was analyzed series of generalizability and decision studies to investigate sources of variability and to determine …
Challenging Behaviors In Autism Spectrum Disorders : Differences Across Childhood And The Relationship With Autism Symptomatology, Alison Marie Kozlowski
Challenging Behaviors In Autism Spectrum Disorders : Differences Across Childhood And The Relationship With Autism Symptomatology, Alison Marie Kozlowski
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Challenging behaviors (CBs) are remarkably prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and can have a number of severe consequences. While it is believed that CBs reach their peak in childhood followed by a general abatement throughout adolescence and adulthood, the exact trend of CBs during childhood is unknown. Furthermore, the impact of changes in autism symptomatology on CBs during childhood has seldom been explored despite a positive correlation between autism symptomatology and CBs having been established. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to determine where significant differences in both autism symptomatology and CBs occur throughout childhood, and …
Influence Of Communication And Rituals On Military Members’ And Spouses’ Growth Post- Deployment, Bryanna Zawodniak
Influence Of Communication And Rituals On Military Members’ And Spouses’ Growth Post- Deployment, Bryanna Zawodniak
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Intra-Individual Variability In Adult Adhd: An Exploration Of The Viability Of Distinct Purely Inattentive Condition, Daniel Proto
Intra-Individual Variability In Adult Adhd: An Exploration Of The Viability Of Distinct Purely Inattentive Condition, Daniel Proto
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Researchers have suggested that intraindividual variability (IIV), or variation in cognitive testing performance within an individual across a measure or group of measures, may be an endophenotypic marker of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, not all studies have consistently demonstrated significant differences in IIV between individuals with and without ADHD. One potential explanation for this ambiguity is experimental group heterogeneity owing to Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). Individuals with SCT exhibit behavioral characteristics dissimilar from individuals with ADHD; rather than being impulsive, hyperactive, and aggressive, they tend to be shy, day-dreamy, and cognitively slow. Researchers have hypothesized that the presence of SCT …
Comparing Symptoms Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using The Current Dsm-Iv-Tr Diagnostic Criteria And The Proposed Dsm-V Diagnostic Criteria, Julie A. Worley
Comparing Symptoms Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using The Current Dsm-Iv-Tr Diagnostic Criteria And The Proposed Dsm-V Diagnostic Criteria, Julie A. Worley
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Children diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD), Asperger’s Disorder (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) share overlapping diagnostic criteria. As a result, there has been an enduring debate regarding the appropriateness of the current categorical classification system used to diagnose this group of disorders, commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Ongoing research examining the boundaries of the disorders comprising the spectrum have yielded inconsistent findings in symptom differences; therefore, the American Psychiatric Association has proposed revisions for the upcoming version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e., DSM-5). Revisions include dropping all subcategories …
Using Behavior Screening Data To Predict Scores On Statewide Assessments, Jeffrey Steven Chenier
Using Behavior Screening Data To Predict Scores On Statewide Assessments, Jeffrey Steven Chenier
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Federal and state initiatives (No Child Left Behind, 2001) require schools and districts to set high standards for student growth and achievement. Currently, student growth and progress are measured in Louisiana via statewide achievement tests. In 4th and 8th grades these assessments are considered to be ‘high-stakes’, as promotion and retention decisions are made based on how well students perform on these assessments. Making day-to-day decisions based on one assessment per year is not best practice (Jenkins, Deno, & Markin, 1979); therefore, screening instruments known as curriculum based measures (CBMs) were devised and tailored for school-based implementation. CBMs of academic …
Measurement Of Pain, Pain Disability, And Pain Beliefs Of Morbidly Obese Adults, Brooke Louise Barbera
Measurement Of Pain, Pain Disability, And Pain Beliefs Of Morbidly Obese Adults, Brooke Louise Barbera
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Both obesity and pain are pervasive public health problems, contributing to significant disability in the United States and worldwide. Studies have demonstrated a positive association between obesity and pain, with increasing BMI related to increasing levels of pain intensity; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. The present study assessed the presence of pain, pain-related disability, and pain beliefs in a morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) sample participating in a medically-supervised, nonsurgical weight loss intervention. After controlling for demographic variables and depression, pain was reported in 36.7% of the sample (N = 390). Results indicated that greater …
The Effect Of Video Self-Monitoring On Teaching Aba Paraprofessionals, Kristen Nicole Abbondante
The Effect Of Video Self-Monitoring On Teaching Aba Paraprofessionals, Kristen Nicole Abbondante
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study examined the effects of psychoeducation method (video vs. manual) on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of participants regarding the education of children with autism within a group design. There was not a significant difference between the two groups on the participants’ thoughts, attitudes, or knowledge. Study Two examined the effect of video self-monitoring on teaching paraprofessionals to implement discrete trial instruction with children with autism. A single-subject multiple baseline design across four participants was utilized. The participants were taught to use discrete trial instruction (DTI) using a video self-monitoring procedure. Results showed that performance feedback was necessary for …
Examination Of The Relationship Between Specific Classes Of Social Skill Behaviors And Academic Competence On The Social Skills Improvement System Rating-Scales, Michael James Vance
Examination Of The Relationship Between Specific Classes Of Social Skill Behaviors And Academic Competence On The Social Skills Improvement System Rating-Scales, Michael James Vance
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
An individual’s social competencies and interpersonal relationships have been repeatedly linked to a number of behaviors not typically directly associated with social skills including depression (Hokanson & Rupert, 1991) and aggressive behavior (McColloch & Gilbert, 1991). In addition to these more social behaviors, social skills have also been shown to be predictive of both risk and protective factors related to academic functioning (Newcomb, Bukowski, & Pattee, 1993; Parker & Asher, 1987). The current study aims to add to the literature by examining the relationship between teacher, parent, and self-ratings of specific classes of social skill behaviors and teacher ratings of …
Parental Involvement In Improving Academic Success For Students With Adhd: A Comparison Of Daily Behavior Report Cards And Homework Self-Monitoring, Stephanie M. Grant
Parental Involvement In Improving Academic Success For Students With Adhd: A Comparison Of Daily Behavior Report Cards And Homework Self-Monitoring, Stephanie M. Grant
LSU Master's Theses
The current study examined the confined, combined and collateral effects of a daily report card (DRC) and a homework self-monitoring intervention (HSM). Four 4th or 5th grade students with ADHD, who often had problems staying on task and completing classwork and homework accurately were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a multiple baseline design. Initially each student received either a DRC or HSM and was then given whichever intervention they had not yet received in addition. As expected, both the DRC and HSM improved the initially targeted behavior as found in previous research; the DRC improved on task …
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Functioning, And Social Skills In Children, Kimberly Tureck
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Functioning, And Social Skills In Children, Kimberly Tureck
LSU Master's Theses
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the focus of a vast amount of research due to their recent rise in prevalence. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research looking at how ASD and IQ scores impact social skills. The present study aimed to extend the literature in this area by evaluating how ASD and IQ scores are related to ratings on a measure of appropriate and inappropriate social skills. Two groups of individuals participated: children without ASD and children with ASD. Two dependent measures of social skills (adaptive/appropriate social skills and hostile/inappropriately assertive social skills) were obtained using the Matson Evaluation …
Predictors Of Resiliency In Women Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Valerie L. Walls
Predictors Of Resiliency In Women Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Valerie L. Walls
LSU Master's Theses
While the physical devastation of Hurricane Katrina was immediately obvious, the psychological effects of the storm are still being investigated and the positive effects of trauma, although few, have yet to be adequately explored. Although most individuals will experience a trauma during their lifetime, only a small minority experience negative psychological consequences (Breslau, 2002). Resiliency is a quickly developing area in the literature; however, few studies have investigated predictors of resilience and positive outcomes in adults exposed to natural disasters. The purpose of this study was to explore individual factors and predictors of resilience in women exposed to Hurricane Katrina. …
A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Noncontingent Pairing In The Conditioning Of A Reinforcer, Sarah Joanne Miller
A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Noncontingent Pairing In The Conditioning Of A Reinforcer, Sarah Joanne Miller
LSU Master's Theses
Two pairing procedures were compared in the conditioning of a secondary reinforcer. Pairings of a neutral stimulus and primary reinforcer were delivered either contingent upon a participant response or noncontingently (i.e., independent of a participant response). Maintenance of responding when responses resulted in the neutral stimulus alone was compared before and throughout pairing using progressive-ratio probes. Results yielded undifferentiated responding between the contingently-paired and noncontingently-paired stimuli and a stimulus never paired with reinforcement, indicating that no conditioning effect occurred. Potential factors in producing this lack of differentiation are discussed, including differences in methodology between this study and past studies.
Examining Reliability And Validity Of The Roadsign Perception Test, Justin Hull Ory
Examining Reliability And Validity Of The Roadsign Perception Test, Justin Hull Ory
LSU Master's Theses
The Road Sign Perception Test (RSPT) is a newly developed assessment procedure related to driver advisement, and its psychometric properties have not yet been examined systematically. The present study examined the construct validity and the reliability of RSPT measurements. Cronbach’s α and test-retest reliability statistics were completed, as were correlations reflecting on the test’s construct validity. Results indicated that the RSPT possesses marginal test-retest reliability, adequate internal consistency for duration of stimulus presentation and for specific stimuli, but low for number of signs presented. RSPT performance was significantly correlated with convergent variables measuring aspects of attention, working memory, and spatial …
The Truth About Lying: The Memorial Effects Of Deliberately Producing Misinformation, Kathleen M. Vieira
The Truth About Lying: The Memorial Effects Of Deliberately Producing Misinformation, Kathleen M. Vieira
LSU Master's Theses
There are different ways of lying and these lies may have different impacts on memory. In this study, participants studied pictures of objects, and later lied and told the truth about these and other objects by describing them or by denying they had seen them. Forty-eight hours later, participants were tested on their source memory. Results revealed that participants had good memory for having falsely described a never-seen object, but poor memory for having falsely denied seeing a studied object. These results suggest that telling certain types of lies may make a person more likely to forget having lied at …
The Moderating Effects Of Perceived Intentionality: Exploring The Relationships Between Ideas Of Reference, Paranoia, And Social Anxiety In Schizotypy, Sean Cameron Morrison
The Moderating Effects Of Perceived Intentionality: Exploring The Relationships Between Ideas Of Reference, Paranoia, And Social Anxiety In Schizotypy, Sean Cameron Morrison
LSU Master's Theses
Ideas of reference (IOR), paranoia, and social anxiety are three common symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which appear to be conceptually related. However, the precise nature of these relationships is unclear. A new measure that assesses perceived intentionality (PI), a social-cognitive bias for perceiving the actions of others during unpleasant social situations as being directed at oneself in an intentionally malicious manner, has provided preliminary evidence for a link between PI and paranoia. The primary aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of PI on the relationships between IOR and paranoia, and between IOR and social anxiety amongst …
The Occurrence And Effectiveness Of Deinstitutionalization Of The Mentally Ill In The Pre-Antipsychotic Era, Joni Maria Lee Pow
The Occurrence And Effectiveness Of Deinstitutionalization Of The Mentally Ill In The Pre-Antipsychotic Era, Joni Maria Lee Pow
LSU Master's Theses
Deinstitutionalization, as it occurred after the introduction of antipsychotics in 1954 has received much attention. However, little has been done to examine the occurrence and nature of deinstitutionalization before 1954. This study uses US census data on discharge and readmission rates of US mental hospitals from 1935 to 1964 to examine deinstitutionalization during both periods. Data are analyzed using an interrupted time-series model. The model was used to test for statistical significance of trends before and after the advent of antipsychotics, and to test for an effect of antipsychotics on deinstitutionalization. Discharge rates significantly increased in the period before antipsychotics, …
Extending Job Embeddedness Theory To The Family Domain: Development Of A Construct And Measure For Family Embeddedness And Integration Through A Work-Family Balance Perspective, Tatiana H. Toumbeva
Extending Job Embeddedness Theory To The Family Domain: Development Of A Construct And Measure For Family Embeddedness And Integration Through A Work-Family Balance Perspective, Tatiana H. Toumbeva
LSU Master's Theses
The goal of this study was to extend theory and research on job embeddedness by conceptualizing a parallel phenomenon that also exists in the family domain, referred to here as family embeddedness. Work-family balance perspective was utilized to argue that job and family embeddedness facilitate successful role functioning by guiding the resource allocation process in both the work and family domains. There were two parts to this study. In Phase 1, a measure was developed and a nomological network was established for family embeddedness. In Phase 2, a model was tested to understand the process through which two types of …