Psychology Commons^™

A Study Of Shame In Anorexia Nervosa, Jessica L. Conwell

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that has been documented as far back as 1689 and is now recognized as the mental health issue with the highest mortality rate. Many research projects have attempted to pinpoint the emotional factors that drive this disorder. Shame is an emotion that has just begun to be recognized for its impact on psychopathology. Intuitively, it seems reasonable to suggest that shame could play an important role in AN, a disorder that is commonly associated with emotional shutdown and restriction. Currently, there is no research that addresses the potential impact of shame on the …

Development Of The Jewel Equestrian Scale, Valerie A. Tsohantaridis

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Equestrian athletes have not been the topic of systematic study. There is a vast array of folklore and wisdom, lay study, and practice at the grassroots level regarding the relationship of horse and rider. The field of therapeutic horseback riding primarily consists of examining the benefits of riding for the physically handicapped. There is also the relatively fledgling movement of equine-assisted psychotherapy, that typically combines qualified therapists alongside qualified horse trainers. European study is more longstanding, extensive, and includes exploration of the psychotherapeutic benefits of equine therapy. The smattering of work is grounded on the study of the equestrian athlete, …

Research Training In The Wheaton College Psy.D. Program In Clinical Psychology, Robert J. Gregory, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This article describes research and scholarship training in the Wheaton College Psy.D. program. Essential elements mclude faculty members as strong role models, relevant coursework, collaborative research opportumtJes, and a s1gmficant clinical dissertation research project. The authors' personal views on strengths and weaknesses in training are provided.

Does Intervention Change Anything? New Directions In Promoting Positive Youth Development, William M. Kurtines, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Lisa L. Arango, Gabrielle A. Kortsch

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Although a literature on interventions that promote positive development has begun to emerge, important gaps concerning these interventions continue to exist. As part of our program of research, we have made an effort to begin addressing these gaps. An overview of a research project conducted using two sets of multi-ethnic data drawn from the Miami Youth Development Project (Kurtines, Montgomery, Lewis Arango, & Kortsch, 2001) is presented. Though tentative and preliminary, the findings from the project provide preliminary evidence for the success of Changing Lives Program (CLP) in promoting positive qualitative change. Specifically, the results document a relation between participation …

Abuse Experiences In A Community Sample Of Young Adults: Relations With Psychiatric Disorders, Sexual Risk Behaviors, And Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Jonathan G. Tubman, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Andres G. Gil, Eric F. Wagner

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

This study documents significant associations among lifetime abuse experiences, psychiatric diagnoses, and sexual risk behaviors in a multiethnic community sample of young men and women (N = 1803) in South Florida. Self-report data were collected via structured interviews as part of a longitudinal follow-up of a larger school-based study. Participants were grouped according to extent of lifetime abuse experiences. Cumulative lifetime abuse experiences were associated with increased risk for a broad range of individual lifetime psychiatric disorders, as well as cumulative lifetime psychiatric disorders. Both cumulative abuse experiences and cumulative psychiatric disorders were independently associated with (a) higher levels of …

Role-Related Identity Structure In Adult Women, Carolyn W. Graham, Gwendolyn T. Sorell, Marilyn J. Montgomery

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

This study explored women’s role-related identity structures through in-depth inter- views with 60 employed and stay-at-home women married to professional men. The employment, wife, mother, and homemaking roles of these women were examined to understand how married women integrate employment and family roles (i.e., wife, mother, and homemaking roles) within their identity. The women arranged the structure of their multiple roles in a variety of ways: Most structured their roles hierarchically, others intertwined several roles, some perceived their roles as equally important, a few indicated that they were “more than” their roles, and a small group of women were actively …

Sexual Ethics Training In Seminary: Preparing Students To Manage Feelings Of Sexual Attraction, Katheryn Rhoads Meek, Mark R. Mcminn, Todd Burnett, Chris Mazzarella, Vitaliy L. Voytenko

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Sexual boundary violations by clergy have received heightened media attention in recent years with far reaching implications for the long-term well-being of the Church as an institution. While much has been written about the causes and implications of sexual misconduct by clergy, very little research has addressed preventative efforts. Prevention begins in graduate school or seminary. How do seminary alumni perceive the quality of their training in the areas of understanding and maintaining sexual health as well as in managing feelings of sexual attraction in professional contexts? In this survey, 585 alumni from 5 evangelical seminaries answered questions related to …

Research Training In Explicitly Christian Doctoral Programs, Peter C. Hill, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The importance of research training at explicitly Christian doctoral programs is suggested on the basis of four reasons: the need to hold science and practice together, the need for skills to evaluate interventions, the need to serve a society with a growing interest in religion and spirituality, and the need to assess the effectiveness of explicitly Christian doctoral programs. A discussion of these issues serves as an introduction to the rest of this special issue that focuses on research training at seven explicitly Christian programs.

A Way Forward In The Scientific Investigation Of Gospel Traditions: Cognitive-Critical Analysis, Paul N. Anderson

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

While biblical scholarship has been quite open to integrating multiple disciplines into exegetical and hermeneutical studies, only recently have psychological studies been welcomed to the table.

Improving Implicit Beliefs And Expectations In Academic Achievement For Postsecondary Students With Disabilities, Kelly B.T. Chang

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

In this article, the author introduces the sociocognitive theory of implicit theories of intelligence (developed by Carol S. Dweck and her colleagues) to the field of rehabilitation, and analyzes disability issues in postsecondary academic achievement within this framework. This sociocognitive theory highlights the utility of the social model of disability. People hold two types of implicit beliefs about intelligence. An entity belief can lead to helplessness and negative self-concepts in the face of failure, because it focuses on labels and stable traits. An incremental belief leads to greater resilience in the face of failure by focusing on strategy and effort …

Performance Of Intellectually Gifted Children On Three Measures Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Kent S. Rosengren

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

While there is a growing awareness of the co-occurrence of giftedness and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), little is known about the clinical presentation of ADHD in intellectually gifted children. Current diagnostic decisions with this subpopulation are made employing procedures and norms developed using a nonexceptional population. However, it is unknown whether this common practice is appropriate. This study explored how intellectually gifted children perform on three commonly used measures of ADHD, specifically: (a) the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA); (b) the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, Revised - Long Form (CTS); and (c) the Conners' Parent Rating Scale, Revised …

Jesus And Transformation, Paul N. Anderson

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

Transformational leadership differs greatly from transactional leadership. Transactional leadership conditions others to think in terms of penalties and rewards, thus motivating actions and reactions according to the interests of the individual. It is self-oriented, conditioning others along the lines of desired outcomes, but, as the motivating factors are external, adherence to those values and behaviors is tied to their reinforcement. When the systems of reward diminish, so do corollary commitments. In that sense, transactional leadership is situational and reward specific.

Investing The Wealth: Intentional Strategies For Psychology Training In Developing Countries, Mark R. Mcminn, Vitaliy L. Voytenko

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The knowledge and skills of psychology can be useful in developing countries where indigenous mental health resources are sometimes scarce. Although it may be useful for psychologists to provide short-term training in developing countries, the potential for long-term change is best accomplished by investing in training students from developing countries, especially those committed to returning to their homeland after completing their training. Three “investment strategies” are suggested for training students from developing countries: faculty awareness, intentional mentoring, and facilitated launching. Challenges and implications for professional psychologists are discussed.

Satisfaction With Research Training In Christian Psychology Doctoral Programs: Survey Findings And Implications, Mark R. Mcminn, Peter C. Hill, Justin W. Griffin

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Perceptions of research training at seven explicitly Christian doctoral programs in clinical psychology were assessed with a satisfaction survey. A total of 283 students, 98 alumni, and 51 faculty completed the online questionnaire. Perceived strengths include faculty-student collaboration, encouraging students to present at national meetings, respect for faculty, and effective curricula. Areas for future growth include enhanced research funding, making research mentoring available to all students, and decreasing the perceived dichotomy between clinical and research competence. Self-reported faculty and student publication and presentation rates are also presented and discussed.

Publication Frequency Among Faculty In Explicitly Christian Doctoral Programs, Mark R. Mcminn, W. Brad Johnson, Jeremy S. Haskell

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Explicitly Ch1istian doctoral programs in professional psychology have proliferated in recent years as part of the larger trend toward professional school training. The current study is an investigation of publication rates among faculty in these programs. Based on an analysis of publication data from 1996 to 2001, faculty in explicitly Christian programs are publishing in psychology journals at rates similar to faculty in other professional schools and programs. No differences were observed between faculty in PhD and PsyD programs. Implications for students selecting doctoral programs are discussed.

Olanzapine Attenuates Cue-Elicited Craving For Tobacco, Kent E. Hutchinson, Marie-Christine Rutter Goodworth, Raymond Niaura, Robert Swift, Wallace B. Pickworth, Laura Sobik

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Rationale: Recent biological conceptualizations of craving and addiction have implicated mesolimbic dopamine activity as a central feature of the process of addiction. Imaging, and pharmacological studies have supported a role for dopaminergic structures in cue-elicited craving for tobacco.

Objective: If mesolimbic dopamine activity is associated with cue-elicited craving for tobacco, a dopamine antagonist should attenuate cueelicited craving for tobacco. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether an atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine, 5 mg) decreased cue-elicited craving for tobacco.

Method: Participants were randomly assigned to 5 days of pretreatment with olanzapine (5 mg; n=31) or were randomly assigned …

Mentor Relationships In Clinical Psychology Doctoral Training: A National Survey Of Directors Of Training, Steven C. Dickinson

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate mentoring from the perspective of training directors. This study expands on the work of Clark, Harden and Johnson (I 998) who surveyed psychology doctoral students' experience of mentoring. Mentoring is "a personal relationship in which a more experienced (usually older) individual acts as a guide, role model, teacher, and sponsor of a less experienced (usually younger) protege" (Levinson, 1978, 333-334). The present study assessed the prevalence, importance and qualities of mentoring as reported by directors of training from APA-accredited (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) psychology doctoral programs. Directors of training from 194 APA …

The Role Of Parenting Styles In The Development Of Social Responsibility, Michelle C. Gordon

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study investigated factors that contribute to the development of social responsibility. A sample of approximately 104 men and women attending a private liberal arts university participated in the study. Each participant completed the Global Social Responsibility Inventory (GSRI; Starrett, 1996), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri, 1991), and an accompanying demographic questionnaire that included measures of parental modeling of social responsibility, family adaptability, and family cohesion. It was hypothesized that the participants who reported having authoritative parents as children would be more socially responsible than those who reported having authoritarian or permissive parents as children. Secondly, in a stepwise …

Are Asian Thinking Styles Different? Acculturation And Thinking Styles In A Chinese-Canadian Population, Jenny M. Tang

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research examined the theory of mental self-government and its various thinking styles. The theory of mental self-government (Sternberg, 1988a) has established its utility in verbal contexts including education, occupation, partner choices, and cross-culturally. The Associated Thinking Style Inventory (TSI; Sternberg & Wagner, 1991; 1992) has also demonstrated its reliability and validity in a Hong Kong population (Zhang, 1999; Zhang & Lcks, 1997; Zhang & Sternberg, 1998), but it has not been used with Chinese-Canadians. It was hypothesized that as Chinese individuals become more acculturated to the North American cultural system, their thinking styles approach European-American norms. This study found …

The Influence Of Acculturation On The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test By Mexican Americans, Dean M. Coffey

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The relationship hctwccn the level of acculturation anManual de Normas y procedimientos para la Bateria Neuropsicologica en Espanol (Artiola i Fortuny, Hennosillo, Heaton, & Pardee, 1999) using the Mexico/U.S. border region norms in the manual. Significant differences were demonstrated for Total Number Correct (p < .01) for the less acculturated subgroup (n = 26). There were no significant differences between the more acculturated subgroup (n = 8) and the Spanish normative sample. This study demonstrates that the WCST is not a culture-free neuropsychological instrument. The results provide supporting evidence for the use of the Mexico/U.S. border region norms with Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans in the Northwest region of the United States.

Mental Health Referral Patterns Of Rural Pastors, Alicia A. Clark

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research evaluated the role of the rural pastor in making mental health referrals. A questionnaire was mailed to pastors in several rural California counties in order to assess the referral patterns of pastors to mental health professionals. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and Likert-style questions inquiring about pastoral interaction, willingness to refer, and referral history with mental health professionals. It was expected that many variables including levels of education, counseling experience, exposure to mental health, specific denominations, and belief systems would affect the referral pattern to mental health professionals. It was also expected that all rural pastors would …

Handedness And Sex Effects: Bilateral Field Advantage And Task Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Bilateral Field Advantage And Practice: Implications For Stimulus Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Women And Domestic Violence: The Presence Of Internalized Shame In Women Residing In A Crisis Shelter, Joni M. Moon

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study was implemented in order to ascertain the presence of internalized shame among women residing in a domestic violence crisis shelter. Domestic violence has been determined to be a major social and public health problem for women. Leaving an abusive environment may be difficult due to economic, social, and emotional factors. Women often describe emotional abuse as having more detrimental effects on well-being than physical abuse. Shame is an affect that leads to a negative view of the self and shame-prone women view themselves as deficient and unworthy. A common defense against shame is concealment, therefore it was postulated …

Thirty Years Of Integrative Doctoral Training: Historic Developments, Assessment Of Outcomes, And Recommendations For The Future, W Brad Johnson, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Integrative clinical psychology doctoral programs explicitly blend religious faith with professional training. During the past thirty years, there has been a steady increase in the number of integrative programs in the United States, yet the mission-relevant training outcomes of these programs remain largely unknown. In this article, we review published literature relative to integrative doctoral programs and offer an assessment of the training outcomes recently reported by those integrative programs currently accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA). We briefly summarize the distinctive strengths and relative weaknesses of integrative programs and consider the primary challenges they now face. We conclude …

Spiritual Directors And Clinical Psychologists: A Comparison Of Mental Health And Spiritual Values (Taken From Chapter 3 Of Spiritual Formation, Counseling, And Psychotherapy), Mark R. Mcminn, Nicholas C. Howard, Leslie D. Bissell, Sally R. Faries, Jeffrey B. Van Meter

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

We surveyed a total of 315 spiritual directors, psychologist members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS), and psychologist members of the American Psychological Association (APA) to determine their respective values on ten mental health themes derives from Jensen and Bergin (1988), and three spirituality scales drawn from the writings of John of the Cross. All three groups endorsed the value of expressing feelings, personal autonomy and maturity, and integrating work and leisure. CAPS psychologists and spiritual directors endorsed more than APA psychologists the values of spirituality, forgiveness, and the three John of the Cross scales. Spiritual directors reported …

Maintaining Personal Resiliency: Lessons Learned From Evangelical Protestant Clergy, Katheryn Rhoads Meek, Mark R. Mcminn, Craig M. Brower, Todd D. Burnett, Barrett W. Mcray, Michael L. Ramey, David W. Swanson, Dennise D. Villa

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

The Development And Validation Of A Measure Of Identity Distress, Steven L. Berman, Marilyn J. Montgomery, William M. Kurtines

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

The most frequently used measures of identity development do not contain a scale to measure the distress that can sometimes be associated with the process. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Identity Distress Survey. The measure was found to have high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Identity distress was related to the constructs of identity style and identity status. Identity distress was positively correlated with identity exploration and associated with the informational style and was negatively correlated with identity commitment. This measure could help identify those people who are having exceptional difficulties …

Recovery From Alcohol Or Drug Abuse: The Relationship Between Identity Styles And Recovery Behaviors, Joseph M. White, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Richard S. Wampler, Judith L. Fischer

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between identity styles and recovery from substance abuse. Consistent findings have established a relationship be- tween identity diffusion and substance misuse, but no research has explored the influence of identity styles on recovery processes. Participants (N = 252) from treatment and recovery-based facilities and groups using a 12-step recovery model were assessed with the Identity Style Inventory (White, Wampler, & Winn, 1998) and self-report measures of pretreatment addiction, length of continuous abstinence, quality of recovery, and recovery progress. Those with a diffuse/avoidant style had shorter lengths of continuous abstinence, fewer …

"You Are Special": Shame And Grace In Children's Literature, Joy Mauldin, Jesse Lough, Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Children's literature has a profound influence on its readers. It often comes into the home without regard to its content or the effect it can have on a child. This article addresses the broad strokes of child development, how unprocessed or poorly processed shame can hinder the growth of children, books that can be used in the processing of shame, and therapeutic case studies in which these books have been used.