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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 1681

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Preattentive Processes And Visual Search On A Memory Task, Aubree Greenhalgh, Dr. Donovan Fleming Feb 2014

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Preattentive Processes And Visual Search On A Memory Task, Aubree Greenhalgh, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Extensive research has been done with regards to attention and visual processing. Particular attention has been paid to preattentive processing which is the automatic registration of features by processing all targets simultaneously across the visual field (Matlin & Foley, 1997). Some of the particular properties which visual objects are composed of appear instantly and are, thus, processed faster (Treisman, 1985). In simpler terms, some targets are easier to recognize then others, especially if the targets differ greatly from their surroundings. For example, one square among many circles is easier to recognize then an oval or an octagon among a number …


Qualitative Study Of Males And Females Reactions To Cooperative And Competitive Group Problem Solving Situations, Howard B. Cleavinger, Dr. Kay H. Smith Feb 2014

Qualitative Study Of Males And Females Reactions To Cooperative And Competitive Group Problem Solving Situations, Howard B. Cleavinger, Dr. Kay H. Smith

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study was constructed using a simplified commodities game in which groups of four participants invested in commodities ranging from $100 to $500. The higher the cost, the higher the rate of risk entailed and thus, a higher payoff. The participants were informed that they were participating as a group against other groups (a cooperative situation), or that they were participating as individuals against the group and all other groups (a competitive situation). Same sex groups were used in this study.


Effects Of Handedness And Gender On The Surface Area Of The Human Corpus Callosum: A Preliminary Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, James B. Pinkston Feb 2014

Effects Of Handedness And Gender On The Surface Area Of The Human Corpus Callosum: A Preliminary Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, James B. Pinkston

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Several studies have found differences in the human corpus callosum across gender and handedness (Aboitiz, Scheibel, Fisher, & Zaidel, 1992; Burke & Yeo, 1994; Cowell, eta!., 1993; de Lacoste-Utamsing & Holloway, 1982; Denenberg, eta!., 1991; Habib, eta!., 1991; Johnson & Bigler, eta!., 1994; Johnson & Farnworth, eta!., 1994; Laissy, et al .. 1993; Potter & Graves, 1988; Steinmetz, eta!., 1992; Witelson, 1989; Witelson, 1991; Witelson & Goldsmith, 1991). A myriad of others claim that these differences do not exist (Byne, eta!., 1988; Clarke, Kraftsik, VanDer Laos, & Innocenti, 1989; Hines, eta!., 1992; Kertesz, Polk, Howell, & Black, 1987; Laissy, et …


Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Child And Adolescent Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Corey D. Randall, Dr. Matthew J. Haag Feb 2014

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Child And Adolescent Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Corey D. Randall, Dr. Matthew J. Haag

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Effective treatment of children and adolescents in psychotherapy is crucial to alleviating the distress and suffering resulting from psychopathology (Kazdin, 1993). Dysfunctional behavior, if not appropriately addressed, can result in irreversible developmental outcomes. The importance of evaluating treatment to address childhood difficulties becomes even more vital in a managed health care system that stresses accountability and demands evidence of progress. It is for this reason that an examination of the current treatment approaches and techniques must be undertaken.


Memory And Aging, Carlos T. Jackson Feb 2014

Memory And Aging, Carlos T. Jackson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For many years now, the field of neuropsychology has been looking for connections between brain and behavior. We can now determine that the brain is responsible for most, if not all, of our physical, emotional and even cognitive functioning. It is indeed the “master organ.” IUs my desire to be able to further the work that has already been done in this field in an effort to finally be able to discover exactly how this miraculous organ works, specifically in terms of how it relates to cognitive functioning.


Inhibition Of Lordosis In The Male, Paul C. Butler, G. J. Block Feb 2014

Inhibition Of Lordosis In The Male, Paul C. Butler, G. J. Block

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study was designed to examine the effects of exogenous gonadal hormones on the inhibition of lordotic behavior in estradiol benzoate (EB) primed and non-primed male rats. Adult male rats were gonadectomized and given one of four treatments, blank (Bk), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), or testosterone plus progesterone (T + P). Animals were then given 5 pg EB for three days prior to testing for lordotic behavior.


Neuropsychology Lab Rotations, Scott Steffensen Feb 2014

Neuropsychology Lab Rotations, Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our objective in 2004-2005 was to provide undergraduate students with a nurturing, inspiring, yet productive research environment in the Neuropsychology Lab on the 12th floor of the Kimball Tower.


A Computer-Based Estimation Of Cerebral Cortical Surface Area, Marc A. Steed Feb 2014

A Computer-Based Estimation Of Cerebral Cortical Surface Area, Marc A. Steed

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The surface area of the cerebral cortex (Cc-sa) was first measured in 1864. Since that time various methods have been applied, always post mortem. This project is the first to estimate Cc-sa from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRl) scans ante mortem.


Religiosity As A Moderating Factor Of Correspondence Bias, Cory Anderson, Erin G. Longaker Feb 2014

Religiosity As A Moderating Factor Of Correspondence Bias, Cory Anderson, Erin G. Longaker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Correspondence bias, also known as the fundamental attribution error, is the tendency for an observer to overestimate an actor’s personal responsibility for behavior and underestimate situational influences. In other words, a perceiver is generally biased to infer that behavior corresponds to an underlying personal disposition of an actor rather than the constraints of the environment. This phenomenon is a robust area of study in clinical and social psychology (Jones, 1990). However, some research has found there are moderating factors of correspondence bias. For example, D’Agostino and Fincher-Kiefer (1992) conducted a study investigating the relationship between cognitive style and the tendency …


Group And Gender Differences In Total Recall And Serial Position Effect For Pictorial, Textual, And Contextual Stimuli, Kirk M. Lunnen Feb 2014

Group And Gender Differences In Total Recall And Serial Position Effect For Pictorial, Textual, And Contextual Stimuli, Kirk M. Lunnen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Understanding how different modes of informational presentation can affect memorability is of great importance from advertising to education and in other disciplines. In education, for example, it relates to important issues such as determining the most effective strategies for increasing students’ vocabularies. In advertising, it means the difference between product recognition (and consequent consumption) and product failure. The search for a method of presentation that can maximize this memorability has been the object of numerous researchers (Esser, Die, Seholm, & Pebley, 1979; Lippman & Shanahan, 1974; Bower, 1970; Paivio, 1969).


Developing A Normative Sample Of Hispanic Youth Using The Spanish Youth Outcome Questionnaire, Michelle Nuttall, Dr. Gary Burlingame Feb 2014

Developing A Normative Sample Of Hispanic Youth Using The Spanish Youth Outcome Questionnaire, Michelle Nuttall, Dr. Gary Burlingame

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ) was developed by a group of professors at Brigham Young University to offer professionals in psychology an outcome measure for children between the ages of 4 and 17. This measure was to be easy to administer, quick to fill out and score, and cost effective. The main attribute it had to contain was a sensitivity to change that would allow the clinician and others the ability to track progress and monitor change in a specific individual. The result of this endeavor was the Youth Outcome Questionnaire, a 64 item parent report measure that takes about …


Neurophysiological Substrates Of Cocaine Addiction, Dr. Scott Steffensen Feb 2014

Neurophysiological Substrates Of Cocaine Addiction, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The main objective of this study was to characterize the role of GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area in cocaine addiction. Research in my lab is dedicated to the elucidation of brain substrates underlying drug addiction. Elder Boyd K. Packer has stated, “It is my conviction, and my constant prayer, that there will come through research, through inspiration to scientists if need be, the power to conquer narcotic addiction through the same means which cause it.”(Packer 1989). This plea from Elder Packer is emblazoned on a poster at the entrance to my laboratory to remind us of …


The Effect Of Sleep-Dependent Consolidation On Pattern Separation And Pattern Completion In Delayed Retrieval, Jesse Ray James Feb 2014

The Effect Of Sleep-Dependent Consolidation On Pattern Separation And Pattern Completion In Delayed Retrieval, Jesse Ray James

Theses and Dissertations

While people sleep, the brain replays the same neural firings that resulted from waking activities that day. This results in greater memory strength following a sleeping delay than a waking delay. The current project built upon this fact in a series of three experiments. Experiment 1. Although previous research has demonstrated a benefit of sleep to memory strength, the literature has not established the impact of sleep on memory specificity. Computational models of medial temporal lobe function posit that discrimination and generalization across similar memories are accomplished through processes known as pattern separation and pattern completion, respectively. To discover whether …


Quantitative Genetics Of Response To Novelty And Other Stimuli By Infant Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Across Three Behavioral Assessments, G. L. Fawcett, A. M. Dettmer, D. Kay, M. Raveendran, James Dee Higley, N. D. Ryan, J. L. Cameron, J. Rogers Feb 2014

Quantitative Genetics Of Response To Novelty And Other Stimuli By Infant Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Across Three Behavioral Assessments, G. L. Fawcett, A. M. Dettmer, D. Kay, M. Raveendran, James Dee Higley, N. D. Ryan, J. L. Cameron, J. Rogers

Faculty Publications

Primate behavior is influenced by both heritable factors and environmental experience during development. Previous studies of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) examined the effects of genetic variation on expressed behavior and related neurobiological traits (heritability and/or genetic association) using a variety of study designs. Most of these prior studies examined genetic effects on the behavior of adults or adolescent rhesus macaques, not in young macaques early in development. To assess environmental and additive genetic variation in behavioral reactivity and response to novelty among infants, we investigated a range of behavioral traits in a large number (N = 428) of pedigreed infants …


Tracking Therapeutic Progress In An Adolescent Substance-Abuse Treatment Center, Stephen R. Lassen, Dr. M. Gawain Wells Jan 2014

Tracking Therapeutic Progress In An Adolescent Substance-Abuse Treatment Center, Stephen R. Lassen, Dr. M. Gawain Wells

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of undertaking this project was to analyze the sensitivity to change in the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ). Also, to analyze the Self-Report Version of the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ SR) and determine relationships between parent and adolescent self-reports.


Suicide Ideation And Outcome At A University Counseling Center, Melissa Kay Goates, Dr. David Vermeersch Jan 2014

Suicide Ideation And Outcome At A University Counseling Center, Melissa Kay Goates, Dr. David Vermeersch

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many institutions of higher education are expressing concern over high suicide rates amongst their students. While one recent study of suicide rates of 12 mid-western campuses reported the student suicide rate to be approximately half of the national suicide rate of 15/100000 (Silverman, Meyer, Sloane, Raffel & Pratt (1997), another review of suicide on college campuses revealed that the reported suicide rates were inconsistent, ranging from 5/100000 to 50/100000. A study by the Centers for Disease Control of the Public Health Service found that the age group with the fastest rising suicide rate was 15-24, and that those ages 20-24 …


The Effects Of The Intensive Care Unit On The Formation Of Implicit And Explicit Memories In Ards Patients, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

The Effects Of The Intensive Care Unit On The Formation Of Implicit And Explicit Memories In Ards Patients, Michael J. Larson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Each year thousands of patients become critically ill and require medical treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent literature suggests that patients recovering from critical illness have little or no recollection of their time in the ICU (1). The ICU has many features that may cause patients to become confused including isolation, sleep deprivation, and being surrounded with machines, lights, and constant noise (2). Sedative and analgesic drugs, mechanical ventilation, pain, and discomfort may also adversely affect ICU patients’ formation of memories (1).


Personality Of A Professional: Employee Perceptions, Trevor M. Jensen, Dr. Barton Poulson Jan 2014

Personality Of A Professional: Employee Perceptions, Trevor M. Jensen, Dr. Barton Poulson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ample literature has focused on how to effectively improve the work environment of medical practices. However, little research has been conducted concerning personality in a doctor’s office environment. In conversing with several local doctors, group behavior was listed as one of the most important aspects to consider in creating and maintaining a medical practice that is efficient and free of problems (N. Jorgensen, personal communication, June 5, 2000; D. Phillips, personal communication, June 10, 2000). Personality is a large component of the functioning of work groups. In a study conducted on military leaders, personality was found to be the greatest …


Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore Jan 2014

Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I received an ORCA award in December of 1999. At the time, my proposal dealt with family dynamic influences on EEG neurofeedback treatement of adolescents with ADHD. This was a multidisciplinary effort, and, to my knowledge, research of this sort had not been conducted before. Though I felt a genuine excitement at the beginning, I soon realized that I had bitten off a coordination and research effort bigger than I could chew. I had to rely on a local psychologist that I was working with for help in recruiting patients, as well as for use of his facilities and equipment, …


Informational Sources Utilized By Men With The Diagnosis Of Localized Prostate Cancer In The Selection Of Treatment, Jonathan Horey, Dr. Bruce Brown Jan 2014

Informational Sources Utilized By Men With The Diagnosis Of Localized Prostate Cancer In The Selection Of Treatment, Jonathan Horey, Dr. Bruce Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although prostate cancer is the most common malignancy affecting males in the western world, the detection and management of this disease has produced intense controversy among researchers and physicians alike. As a result, men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are forced to select a course of treatment from a confusing list of contradicting reports and limited data. The purpose of this study is to identify those sources of information that post-treatment prostate cancer patients believe were the most helpful to them when making their treatment decision as well as those sources that had the greatest impact on their treatment …


Outcome Testing And The Role Of Bilingual Fluency In A Southeast Asian Population, Shelby L. Ferrin, Dr. Michael J. Lambert Jan 2014

Outcome Testing And The Role Of Bilingual Fluency In A Southeast Asian Population, Shelby L. Ferrin, Dr. Michael J. Lambert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Psychological outcome measures are designed to measure levels of psychological functioning. Scores on such measures may be compared across time to calculate a psychotherapy client’s progress, recovery, or deterioration. Additionally, scores from large populations may be normalized to indicate what therapists designate as levels of clinical functioning. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) is one of the leading tools in this line of psychotherapy outcome research (Lambert et al., 1996). Since its development, it has been utilized in dozens of countries and translated into a handful of languages, including German, Japanese, Korean, French, and Spanish. Studies assessing the effects of culture on …


Conceptualization And Measurement Of Triarchic Abilities For Success In College-Rainbow Project, Michael E. Drebot, Dr. Paul Robinson, Dr. Robert J. Sternberg Jan 2014

Conceptualization And Measurement Of Triarchic Abilities For Success In College-Rainbow Project, Michael E. Drebot, Dr. Paul Robinson, Dr. Robert J. Sternberg

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this ongoing research project is to develop and implement a battery of tests that would supplement the current SAT I and II tests, and improve the prediction of academic performance and success of college-bound students during the crucial freshman year of college. The intent is to develop measures that would add incremental validity to the SAT’s, lending to prediction of academic achievement beyond that obtained by (a) the SAT’s and (b) high school grades. By adding new assessments to the SAT, we hope to address concerns about “at risk” students, those who presumably “under achieve,” and others …


Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is the most common cause of poisoning death in the United States.1 The cellular damage due to CO poisoning is observed in organ systems with high oxygen utilization such as the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. Neuropathological changes that occur due to CO exposure result from a number of biological mechanisms and underlie the development of neuroanatomical abnormalities that occur following CO poisoning.2 Neuroanatomical changes following CO poisoning can be seen using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Quantitative MRI (QMRI), and Computed Tomography (CT). Findings include fornix atrophy, increased ventricle-to-brain …


Gender Differences In Temporal Perception And Self-Control: A Correlational Study, Laura L. Huntzinger, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jan 2014

Gender Differences In Temporal Perception And Self-Control: A Correlational Study, Laura L. Huntzinger, Dr. Harold L. Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Self-control has been defined by researchers as choosing larger, more delayed reinforcers over smaller, less delayed reinforcers (1). The term impulsiveness is used to describe the opposite of self-control, that is, choosing smaller, less delayed rewards rather than larger but more delayed rewards. Research involving adult humans has found that subjects almost always choose the self-control alternative in a lab setting. There are, however, many reasons for calling into question the generalizability of such research.


Economic Self-Control And Impulsivity In Money Decisions: A Comparison Of High School Students With Rural Or Urban Backgrounds, Becky Malquist, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jr. Jan 2014

Economic Self-Control And Impulsivity In Money Decisions: A Comparison Of High School Students With Rural Or Urban Backgrounds, Becky Malquist, Dr. Harold L. Miller Jr.

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Do you buy the brand new car now and take out a large loan, or do you save a little longer and buy a used one so that, in the end, you pay less? Do you take the spur-of-the-moment Caribbean cruise, or do you stick to your plan to build a nest egg? Impulsivity has been defined as choosing a smaller, more immediate reinforcer over a larger but delayed one. Self-control signifies the opposite choice; it is the preference of a larger, delayed reinforcer1.


Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore Jan 2014

Orca Scholarship Report, Andrew Moore

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I received an ORCA award in December of 1999. At the time, my proposal dealt with family dynamic influences on EEG neurofeedback treatement of adolescents with ADHD. This was a multidisciplinary effort, and, to my knowledge, research of this sort had not been conducted before. Though I felt a genuine excitement at the beginning, I soon realized that I had bitten off a coordination and research effort bigger than I could chew. I had to rely on a local psychologist that I was working with for help in recruiting patients, as well as for use of his facilities and equipment, …


Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards Jan 2014

Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of our study was to investigate the perspectives of fellow students towards current efforts at addressing the gospel of Jesus Christ in their departmental classes. The idea of a “BYU education,” while based in bedrock faith, is not a static concept; rather, strategies to apply our faith to daily learning moments are constantly evolving. We were interested in how other senior students perceived current efforts in “secular” classes to interface with the gospel. We asked ourselves, ‘what distinguishes positive experiences from the negative ones?’ What do other students think? Are their experiences similar to ours? A foundational assumption …


Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen Jan 2014

Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Because of the media’s focus on recent incidents of school violence, there is an increased awareness of the need for effective crisis prevention and intervention in our public schools. In order to learn more about current training needs for crisis intervention, a survey was conducted with 350 randomly selected, nationally certified school psychologists (81% return rate). Although school psychologists are seen as the primary personnel to assist in crisis situations, minimal university training is provided to prepare them for this role.


Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert Jan 2014

Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past thirty years a significant body of research has been developed examining the effects that tangible rewards such as money have on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsically motivated behavior consists of behavior that cannot be readily attributed to external factors. Examples could include reading, hunting, and working crossword puzzles. Much of this research has suggested that tangible rewards have a detrimental effect on intrinsic motivation that results in a decrease in such behavior. Conversely, this same research suggests that intangible rewards, such as verbal praise, have a beneficial effect. Nevertheless, these differential effects have been widely criticized and a not …


The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming Jan 2014

The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The p300 event related potential is a particular wave of the measured electrical activity of the brain. This wave may be evoked by a visual stimulus presented to the subject and occurs approximately 300 msec. following presentation of the stimulus. In previous studies, it has been suggested that a processing continuum exists between serial and parallel processing at opposite ends of the continuum. Serial processing, which involves attending to only one object, is generally associated with a slower reaction time, while parallel processing, which attends to two objects, is usually accompanied by a quicker response. Depending on various characteristics of …