Psychology Commons^™

Retroactive Inhibition Versus Proactive Inhibition As A Function Of Variable Time Interval Among Elementary School Children, Tom L. Warren

All Master's Theses

As a study of phenomena which affect learning, the inquiry into retroactive and proactive inhibition and their varying functions should be of vital interest to both psychology and education, particularly to those educators and learning theorists who work with elementary school children. Also, it is hoped that this study will provide more reliable and statistically significant data on the question of whether retroactive inhibition is greater than proactive inhibition of retention. And, in addition, if there is a difference between retroactive and proactive inhibition when the retention test is immediate or follows soon after original learning, will this difference disappear …

A Survey Of The Integration Of Exceptional Children In Regular Classrooms, Catherine A. Greene

All Master's Theses

Educational practice in the past has been to segregate exceptional children by placing them in self-contained special education classrooms. Recently, however, this method has been questioned by leading special educators. Proponents of segregation of exceptional children admit to inadequacies in the present situation, but they argue that such inadequacies can be remedied and do not justify placing exceptional children in regular classrooms. Proponents of integration maintain that exceptional children live in a heterogeneous world and as adults will live and work in a heterogeneous world; therefore, these children should have a school setting that is like the world in which …

A Pilot Study For The Development Of A Children's Norm On Hooper's Visual Organization Test (Vot) And An Examination Of Clough's Perceptual Organization Test (Pot), Polly Paul

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology in the Graduate School of Morehead State University by Polly Paul on May 30, 1971.

Anxiety Level Of Graduate Students In Social Work, Sophia Kouidou-Giles, George Albert Mckee

Dissertations and Theses

This study was designed to determine (1) the trend of anxiety level of social work students, term by term, over the academic year; (2) the cyclical trend of anxiety level of social work students within each term and (3) the effects of age and sex on level of anxiety among social work students.

Anxiety was measured with the IPAT - 8 Parallel Form Anxiety Battery. This test was administered to twenty randomly selected first year students in the School of Social Work during the 1969-1970 academic year at Portland State University. Data was collected from six test administrations which …

N-Achievement Motivation Of Male Navaho Indian Students As Measured By An Acculturated N-Achievement Scale, Rex C. Ivory

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The problem which formed the basis of this research was to answer the question: "Can an acculturated version of McClelland's original n-Achievement scale be significantly more effective in measuring n-Achievement motivation of male Navaho Indian subjects than McClelland's original n-Achievement scale?" An answer to this question would hopefully be reason enough for using an acculturated n-Achievement scale to provide new information relative to the Navaho Indian's need to achieve.

The major underlying objective of this study was to develop a more effective projective scale than McClelland in measuring a Navaho Indian's n-Achievement motivation. This objective was not reached; however, the …

Conditioning Verbal Behavior: The Effect Of Experimenter Baseline Behavior On The Conditioning Of Opinion Statements Emitted By Undergraduate Students, William E. Greable

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The general purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the operant conditioner's behavior during the baseline upon subsequent operant conditioning of opinion statements emitted by freshmen undergraduate students. Specifically, the study attempted to answer the following research questions:

1. Is it possible to systematically condition opinion statements in a verbal conditioning situation that resembles a counseling interview?
2. Does the behavior of the operant conditioner during the baseline have any influence on subsequent conditioning of opinion statements in a verbal conditioning situation resembling a counseling interview?
3. Is there a difference in the number of opinion statements emitted in a …

Stimulus Selection Under Conditions Of Free Choice By Preschool Children At Baseline And After Adaptation, Andrea Lyn Shields

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The experiments reported in the present paper may be characterized as belonging to the general area of motivation research referred to as stimulus selection behavior. Stimulus selection behavior includes curiosity, exploratory, and manipulatory activities. Generally, the research in the area attempts to determine the relation between changes in the stimulus and changes in the measures of approach behavior in the subject (s). In this research, approach behavior is apparently unrelated to organic need conditions. The experiments presented in this paper were designed to determine a preschool child's stimulus preference as he entered the experimental setting, and whether that preference could …

The Use Of Selected Films And Film Discussions In Modifying Social Distance In Elementary School Children, Stanton C. Baker

All Master's Theses

When conflicts involving interpersonal relationships arise within the school setting, it would appear appropriate to attempt to cope with these conflicts within the framework of the school; particularly the classroom. Many methods of modifying behavior through group procedures have been attempted with varying degrees of success. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effectiveness of one such method; a fiIm-discussion technique. This program was developed to modify behaviors, attitudes and/or perceptions which interfere with the development of constructive interpersonal relationships within an elementary classroom.

Solitary Protest, Mary Jones

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

"Alienation, estrangement, disaffection, anomie, withdrawal, disengagement, separation, noninvolvement, apathy, indifference, and neutralism--all of these terms point to a sense of loss, a growing gap between men and their social world." but these terms, which Kenneth Keniston disparages as the current vocabulary of social commentary, are indeed a familiar description of today. The youth on college campuses are especially fluent in the use of the many synonyms of alienations to depict prevalent college attitudes and social values. Even the term "generation gap" seems to cry of separation, estrangement, and alienation between two factions of our society-- young and old. what is …

A Survey Of Selected Objectives, Opinions, And Attitudes Of High School Seniors In Norfolk, Virginia, Robert Eugene Brown

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

A Longitudinal Evaluation Of The Ogden City Head Start Program, Robert D. Eyestone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study attempted to investigate the differences in the Head Start population of the Ogden City Schools and to determine if the differences had a significant influence on ability comparisons. An attempt was also made to evaluate the longitudinal benefits of Head Start training. The original data was collected in the 1966-67 evaluation of the Head Start program. Additional data was collected as this original group of Head Start children progressed through kindergarten, first, and second grades.

Variables considered in this study were, residence, age, sex, socio-economic deprivation, family constellation, and ethnic group. In addition, a comparison was made of …

A Study Of Early Reasoning Skills In The Trainable Mentally Retarded : As Related To Piaget's Seriation Theory, Robert William Ginther

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In terms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development and the relationship he attributes between reasoning and the development of classification and seriation skills, the following questions arise: can early reasoning ability be enhanced through training? If IQ tests are accepted as measures of intellectual function, do they then contain a significant number of seriation type questions? If so, will the seriation test be an accepted measure of intellectual function?

Semantic Differential Relationships As A Determinant Of Clustering, Burr R. Beckwith

All Master's Theses

In the past, clustering research has focused primarily on the effect of pre-experimental associations and/or conceptual relationships on clustering in free recall. The present study marks a departure from this trend in that it was designed to determine under what conditions SD relationships among task-items would mediate clustering.

Teaching Experience: A Prerequisite For Effective Counselor Performance?, Carole G. Sorensen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Purpose of the study

Previous teaching experience is one of the most discussed issues in today's pupil personnel services. We find ourselves in the milieu of a controversy in which we have advocates of one camp who propose that teaching experience can be a handicap in the effectiveness of a counselor; and in the other camp, that teaching experience is a vital prerequisite for counselor effectiveness.

The controversy has reached such proportions that some states, which previously held teaching experience as a necessary requirement for counselor certification, have either changed certification requirements or have worked around the issue by accepting …

A Review And Construction Of Career Development Programs In The Elementary School, Chase Driggs

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Overview

Every child has a right to acquire his own realistic selfevaluation of the career he intends to pursue, and the process of exposure to occupational information should be permitted and encouraged to start at an early age. From this point of view we need to foster concepts and techniques designed to facilitate the vocational maturation of the child. Interaction with counselors, teachers, parents, and community will increase the student's ability to understand the opportunities of the world of work as it relates to his aptitudes and interests and values and to enable him to be more aware of the …

Cpi Achievement Motivation Scales In Differential Prediction Of Academic Achievement, Dwight J. Petersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The grade-point average (GPA) of 4 groups of college sophomores, representing high and low scores on the CPI Ac and Ai scales, was analyzed to test the hypothesis that conforming and independent achievement motivation (as measured by the CPI) is related to scholastic achievement reflective of conforming or independent behavior. Specific hypotheses regarding differential achievement as a function of Ac and Ai scores were tested and, in general, supported. From this study, it was found that the CPI Ac and Ai scales do provide a basis for differentially predicting the scholastic achievement of students in settings rewarding dependent and/or independent …

Spatial Reasoning As Related To Solving "Story Type" Problems, James R. Holder

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In this study it was hypothesized that the ability to mentally solve II story type" problems, those presented in the form of sentences, is significantly related to one's spatial reasoning ability and that a weakness in this ability, when tested by the "story type" problems, could be compensated for by training in and utilization of overt "paper and pencil" manipulations.

To test the hypothesis, three measures were used. These were the DAT Verbal Reasoning test--used to control the factor of verbal reasoning, the DAT Space Relations test--used to measure spatial reasoning ability, and two forms of a test composed of …

Organizing For Guidance In The Willcox Elementary Schools, Agnes M. Briggs

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The director of Guidance in the Arizona State Department of Public Instruction realizing the great need for more experimental programs, proposed that part of the [National Defense Education Act of 1958] monies in Arizona be used for the purpose of developing pilot projects in the elementary schools. Schools that had expressed interest in a possible elementary guidance project were contacted and invited to write a proposal with the assistance of the State Department. Forty districts submitted plans for elementary guidance programs. Of these, ten were selected on the basis of the nature of the proposed program, the geographic location of …

The Relationship Between Grade Point Averages Of The Henmon-Nelson Test Of Mental Ability And The American College Test, Eda Alene Hansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grading within a single school was studied by comparing the grades with the policy of grading recommended by the high school, and the relationship between the grades and two tests administered by the school.

Six hundred fifty-five graduates from the 1964, 1965 and 1966 graduating classes made up the sample. The grades used were those received during their three years in high school. The tests were the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability administered in the tenth grade and the American College Test which was taken in the twelfth grade. The Pearson r Correlation Coefficient was used to make the correlations. …

An Assessment Of The Prognostic Value Of The Lowenfeld Mosaic Test As It Relates To The Learning Readiness Of Selected First Grade Pupils, Nina W. Brown

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

Variation In The Order Of Presentation Of Cues As One Variable In Concept Organization, John E. Genasci

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the experiment, with forty-eight students as subjects, a series of nonsense syllables (DAX, MEF, TOV, VIC, YOP, ZIP, and ZIL) were to be associated with four geometric figures. The task was so arranged that Zip applied to all figures, Dax and Vic to subsets of two figures each, and the remaining were individual labels. In each of three experiments there was an experimental group that received pre-response cueing by means of an analogy which involved hierarchic concepts in the same general form, i. e ., animal, wild, tame, and individual names.

The results suggest that the order and timing …

A Comparison Of Cognitive Achievement Measures In Student Evaluation, Ladonna Wallace Childers

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Tyler (i932, 1934) was responsible for some of the most important research with cognitive achievement measures. In studies with college students he found that factual knowledge gains dissipated after one year at the rate of seventy-seven per cent of the initial gain during the period of instruction. In the same study the gain in ability to apply principles to new situations and the ability to interpret new experiments resulted in no loss after one year. Rather, the ability to interpret new experiments showed an increase after one year, though none of the Subjects (Ss) in the study had taken additional …

The Development Of A Tree Drawing Test: A Feasibility Study, Garry Lee Edwards

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The analysis of drawings has long been recognized as a method for investigating varied aspects of the psychology of child development. Goodenough {1926) cites studies by Cooke in 1885 and Ricci in 1387 as being the earliest accounts of interest in children's drawings. These early collections and observations were mainly descriptive in nature. They generally included such areas of investigation as single child longitudinal observations; longitudinal group observations; observations on the drawings of primitive peoples; observations on selected groups of artistically talented children; and later, observations made on groups of psychopathic subjects.

Characteristics Of The D 48 Test When Used At The College Level, Maynard E. Boyd

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Group tests of mental ability are used far more extensively than individual tests in selection and classification procedures where large numbers of individuals are concerned. Historically, group testing was developed in America during the time of the First World War, in 1917, to meet the practical demands of selection and classification of the overwhelming number of recruits. One of the first men to experiment with these group measurement techniques was Arthur S . Otis.

Factors Related To First Year College Success In A Selected Group Of Scholarship Recipients, Laverl C. Giles

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The idea of a scholarship program is almost as old as the oldest institution of higher learning. The universality of such a program is almost completely comprehensive throughout the world. Although the purpose of scholarship programs has varied as much as each of the institutions varies, in most of the situations the programs have been well acclaimed. The success of these programs in terms of the student has often been tested or at least scrutinized. This type of study has been attempted several times. However, both Harris (11) and Endler (7), in reviewing the literature from 1931 to 1959, report …

Informational And Teaching Effects On Changes In Prejudice Of College Students, Nolan E. Ashman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An attempt was made in the present research to investigate the effects of informational source, instructional differences, environment in the college, and awareness of ethnic and religious attitudes as the result of the administration of the test instrument.

Subjects used in the study were drawn from courses in general psychology and basic orientation courses in engineering. All subjects were presented with a revision of the Bogardus Social Distance Scale following the fall quarter of instruction (1960-61 academic year). All but a control group taken from one psychology section received the same scale at the beginning of the instructional period.

Since …

A Comparison Of The Academic Achievement And Social Adjustment Of Mentally Retarded Students, C. Thomas Musgrave

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Public awareness of the problem of mental retardation is relatively new. Professional services in this area are less than one hundred and fifty years old in America. In essence, the treatment of the mentally retarded since ancient times has been very harsh. The Spartans from ancient Greece left all defectives exposed to the elements to die. They were treated with aversion and subjected to many indignities.

The Self-Concept And Failure In The Junior High School, Milton C. Madsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From the observations of counselors and teachers within our school district there seem to be these indications: (a) That many failing students are experiencing personal adjustment problems due to a faulty self concept and that they tend to behave in terms of how they perceive themselves, or according to the role forced on them by others. So if they have been labeled as a failing student this is the role they perceive for themselves and they tend to behave in terms of the role they perceive for themselves. (b) Non-promoted students who have been retained seem to have a lower …

Pupil Attitudes Toward School, Peers, And Teachers Under Ability-Grouped And Random-Grouped Systems In Weber And Ogden School Districts, Val R. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Attitudes are usually defined as feelings for or against something (Remmers and Gage, 1955). They are very important in the lives of people because they help determine future success in an individual's life. Because of them one works to get the things he wants, one votes for or against certain issues, one joins a cause, opposes something, or attempts to influence others.

Children's Friends In Ability Vs. Randomly Grouped Classrooms, Nolan Kay Griffin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For over forty years ability grouping has been of professional concern to educators in the United States (Reisner, 1936). There have been fundamental changes in educational theory and practice during that time, one of which is the recognition that educational practices must adjust to individual differences. The interpretation of "equal opportunity" in education has gradually changed from meaning the same methods, standards, and course content for all children, to meaning the full opportunity for each child to develop his own potential in a school program suited to his individual capacities and needs.

The interpersonal relationships and social development of school …