Psychology Commons^™

An Examination Of The Validity And Reliability Of The Scale Of Children's Attitudes Towards Exceptionality, Michael P. Hagan

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was twofold: first to study systematically the Scale of Children's Attitudes Towards Exceptional i ty, and second to provide descriptive data concerning the attitudes of rural, regular education children to~-Jards the handicapped. The Seale of Children I s .A.tti tud es Towards Except ionali ty (SC.\TE) was administered to 232 children from two rur:11 schools in Sulliva.n County, Indiana. Both males and female,:; in grades t\vO through six we-re included in the study. The SCATE is a test constructed to evaluate the attitudes of regular education children towards handicapped children. It attempts to measure three …

How Young Children Perceive Their Teachers: A Developmental Study, Mary Meta Lowe

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This is a developmental study of how young children perceive their teachers. The primary aims of the study are: 1) to provide a developmental picture of elementary school children's perceptions of their teachers, and 2) to determine the accuracy of teachers' awareness of the perceptions of the children. Instrumental to these primary aims are two subordinate objectives: 1) to construct a scale of reactions to teacher characteristic behaviors that are understandable for young children and yet meaningful to adults, and 2) to test the utility of the scale for obtaining measures of affect. Within each of two schools, approximately 15 …

The Cognitive Structure Of The Psychometrically Gifted In The Analysis Of Piagetian Formal Operations, Charles Joseph Justice

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated a six-variable model of the cognitive structure of psychometrically gifted adolescents. In this model, Concept Attainment and Problem Finding were the dependent variables, and IQ, Achievement Motivation, Anxiety, and Innovation were the independent variables. Previous research suggests that emotional or affective variables such as Achievement Motivation, Anxiety, and Innovation strongly influence the type of problem solving necessary in Piagetian formal operational thinking. Research also indicates that the formal operational stage is a necessary but insufficient condition for a type of cognitive process termed "Problem Finding." Thus, Problem Finding was suggested as a fifth stage of cognitive development. …

The Ability Of Young Children To Recognize Facial Photographs Of Young Children, Young Adults, And Senior Citizens, Barbara Bell Bruff

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

A review of the literature on facial recognition including a description of its development from birth to old age, hypothesized reasons for its unique development, and factors which affect it, reveals the need for facial recognition studies involving the young child. Twenty children (10 males, 10 females) at each of three ages (3, 5, and 7 years) were presented with 30 pictures of persons of both sexes from three age groups (3-7, 18-25, and 50 years and above). A testing procedure followed in which each child was asked to pick out the test picture from a photo album page with …

Comparison Of Two Receptive Language Tests (Ppvt And Tacl) Used With The Developmentally Delayed, Paul H. Lamb

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the results as recorded in mental ages of the PPVT and TACL when used with developmentally delayed children. One aspect was to observe how well the mean mental age from each test would compare with the mean mental age obtained from psychometric testing (WISC-R or SB-LM results). Another aspect was to determine how well the data from the PPVT and from the TACL would correlate with the psychometric testing results.

A Developmental Approach To Recognition And Relocation Memory, Edward W. Killian

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Development And Validation Of A Sentence-Completion Method: A Semi-Structured Projective Technique Designed For Personality Study, Esdon N. Bacchus

Dissertations

Problem. There are very few objective instruments available for use in the psychological diagnosis of emotional impairment at the elementary-school level. The determination of emotional impairment has often been based on clinical judgment and subjectivity. In addition, psychological instruments have been attacked from the standpoint of reliability and validity. Major concerns relate to the seriousness of misclassification and the limited success-rate of rehabilitation efforts. The sentence-completion method is popularly used by clinicians. However, the available incomplete-sentence blanks used at the elementary-school level rely almost entirely on face validity. Public Legislation 94-142 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 specifically require that …

The Use Of Picture-Symbol Pairings To Demonstrate Fading In Preschoolers Of Normal Intelligence, Donna Edwards Slaughter

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Forty preschoolers were exposed to one of four groups in which the manner of presenting a stimulus, which consisted of a picture and a symbol, was varied. In the Standard (Std.) group, picture and symbol were ~f equal visibility, while the picture gradually became less visible over successive trials in the Fade· Picture Out (FPO) group. The Increase Symbol Size (ISS) group had the picture remain clearly visible and the symbol gradually increase in size while the Fade Picture Out-Increase Symbol Size (FPO-ISS) group had both the picture become less visible and the symbol increase in size over trials. A …

The Interruption Of The Developmental Tasks Through Pregnancy In The Female Adolescent, Suzanne Epstein, Kathleen Perkins

Dissertations and Theses

There is much information about the incidence of adolescent pregnancy yet little attention has been directed to how this process will interrupt the working towards or completion of the developmental tasks of adolescence. It is our belief that completion of these tasks is crucial in relation to moving into the next stage, adulthood.

Public interest and concern for the contemporary needs of pregnant adolescents and school age parents as a special group is still fairly novel. Survey findings revealed that adolescent parents still have great need for infant day care services, direct financial assistance, housing arrangements, education, and parenting education. …

Children's Test Behavior And Examiner Bias On The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children, Charesa Mae Kirchner

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was designed to investigate the effect of chi1dren 1s test behavior on examiners' scoring, questioning, and confidence in test resu1ts. The variables under investigation were leve1 of inte11igence and extraversion-introversion as operationally defined in terms of sociabi1ity, response speed, and persistence. E1even-year-old male accomplices read scripts containing responses to the Verba1 Scale of the WISC and operationally defined test behaviors. The test responses to the Verba1 Scale of the WISC were designed to yield superior (IQ= 128) or average (IQ= 97) test scores by varying the quality of test responses. Extravert-Introvert test behaviors independent of the scoring of …

Young Children's Age Group Conceptions Of Social Relations: Social Functions And Social Objects, Carolyn P. Edwards, Michael Lewis

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has shown that by age 3-4, children classify the human world into age groups: babies, “little kids,” “big kids,” young adults (“mommies and daddies”), and old adults (“grandmothers and grandfathers”) (Edwards, 1984).. This study investigates young children’s concepts of age roles, that is, their expectations about what behavior makes most sense or is most appropriate for each age group. Study 1 was conducted at two daycare centers in the greater Princeton area, with 24 African-American and 24 European-American children aged 3.6 to 5.9 years. Each child was told a series of stories involving a set of doll-house …

A Comparison Of Total Communication And Traditional Speech Training Methods With Hearing Noncommunicating, Severely Mentally Retarded Individuals, Michael E. Wells

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Descriptive Study Of The Relationship Between Age And Problems Expressed By Women Seeking Out-Patient Mental Health Services, Linda M. Rodgers, Joyce Carey

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of the problems presented by a specific group of women seeking out-patient mental health treatment and to relate these problems to the ontogenetic (age-related) developmental issues presented in a study of the literature. The researcher's involvement in this area developed from interest in current literature on adult development, and a personal commitment to life-long growth and acceptance of the inherent changes. In order to investigate whether developmental issues exist for this group of women, and if so to describe them, two distinct age groups--the decades of the 20's and …

A Survey Of Sex Typing On Prime Time Television, Patricia Sue Henry

Masters Theses

According to former FCC Commissioner Nicholas Johnson, the average child will spend nearly 25,000 hours in front of a television before he or she is eighteen years old. With this fact in mind, I wondered what America's children learn from watching prime time television regarding sex-typing, or the characteristics which are considered appropriately masculine or feminine.

A review of related literature showed that critics in the early 70s pointed out that women portrayed on television were less numerous than men, less intelligent, brave, and adventuresome. In short, women were stereotyped as supportive underlings.

To find out if women fared any …

Moral Education: An Investigation And Experiment, Ellen L. Throm

Masters Theses

One purpose of this investigation of moral education in the elementary schools, was to find information in order to evaluate the current status of moral education at this level.

Another part of the investigation was to experiment with presenting and teaching moral education principles in a fifth-grade classroom, and make a report of the results.

The thesis was written to satisfy the final requirements for a Specialist Degree in Guidance and Counseling, at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois.

In order to conduct the investigation on moral education, several books were researched (a bibliography is included) for information.

A commercially prepared …

Street Survival Skills Questionnaire: The Design And Investigation Of A Measure Of Adaptive Behavior For The Mentally Retarded, Danny D. Linkenhoker

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study involved the design and investigation of a measure of adaptive behavior (Street Survival Skills Questionnaire) for the mentally retarded. Following a careful review of existing measures of adaptive behavior, a comprehensive review of research relating to prediction of independent living, and interviews with rehabilitation staff, a group of nine areas were targeted for inclusion in the instrument. These areas included Basic Concepts, Functional Signs, Measurement, Monetary, Time, Public Services, Safety and Personal Health, Domestic Management, and Implements and Tools. Items were then generated for each area in a multiple-choice, pictorial format that required a minimum of reading and …

The Interrupted Task Paradigm: Age And Observer-Performer Differences, Laurie E. Davidson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Previous research has indicated a developmental tendency toward greater repetition choice and recall of interrupted tasks than for completed tasks. The present study investigated this relationship and the possibility that observing versus performing a task might have differential effects on recall and repetition choice. Thirteen ten year old and eleven year old boys (performers) individually assembled eighteen jig-saw puzzles of birds and animals. Twenty-four peers of the same age (observers) observers puzzle assembly. Contrary to previous research, no significant tendency was found for older participants to recall and to choose to repeat more interrupted tasks than for younger participants. However, …

Achievement, Affiliation & Nurturance Needs In College Women: A Comparison By Age & Marital Status, Lochia Farrar

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Previous research concerning the relative strengths of women's achievement, affiliation, and nurterance needs is reviewed. eased on Bardwick's theories, it was predicted that the need to achieve would be significantly higher for married than for single women and significantly higher, the older the age group. It was also Predicted that the need to affiliate would be significantly higher for single than for married women and significantly higher, the younger the age group. Based on Benedek's theories, it was predicted that the need to nurture would not differ significantly between married and single women and that it would not differ significantly …

Development Of Cooperation Between Children In The Minimal Social Situation, Janice V. Siegel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children can learn to cooperate in what has been described as the "minimal social situation." The research also compared the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay, lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation.

Subjects were 19 teams of first-, second-, and third-graders. Five teams were composed of two girls; six were girl-boy teams; and eight were boy-boy teams. Ten of the 19 teams learned to cooperate in the minimal social situation without treatment. …

Schizophrenia: Institutionalization And Dependence, Jerry L. Boyd

Masters Theses

The review of the literature dealt with dependence in mental patients. Additional focus was given to the process of patienthood as it relates to the acquisition of dependence. Research on schizophrenia was then discussed and the special interaction of the schizophrenic and the environment was explicated. Finally, attention was given to the unique relationship between the schizophrenic mental patient and dependence.

57 Ss from a rural area in the midwestern United States were given the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (Form C). Ss were divided into 3 groups. The groups were matched according to age, sex, race, marital status, and education. …

A Comparison Of Self-Perception Between Facilitated & Leaderless Developmental Groups, Gloria Gatti

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Change in self-perception, assessed by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), F scale and an experimenter developed self-perception measure, was examined for participants in facilitated and leaderless developmental groups and a control group. The subjects, students in sophomore level psychology courses, were administered the MBTI, F scale, and self-perception measure one week prior to the first developmental group session and one week after completion of nine group sessions. No significant difference was found in amount of change in self -perception between the three groups. It was concluded that brief low intensity developmental groups may not produce significant positive chance in self-perception …

Societal Complexity And Moral Development: A Kenyan Study., Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examines the moral judgment levels (as measured by Kohlberg’s 6-stage moral judgment interview) for two Kenyan samples. The first sample includes a culturally and racially group of 35 young men and 17 women studying at the University of Nairobi, while the second sample consists of 44 males and 14 females living in seven communities in the Central and Western Provinces of Kenya who were interviewed by a cadre of trained University students on their school vacation. The moral judgment interview included four hypothetical moral dilemmas and a standard set of probing questions. Three of the dilemmas were standard …

The Effects Of Age, I.Q. And Achievement On Children's Ability To Reverse The Necker Cube, Johnny Lee Matson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Curriculum For The Profoundly Retarded Children In A Development Center For Handicapped Minors, Charles William Koontz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The development of the infant from birth to four years will approximately parallel the stages of development of the profoundly retarded children enrolled in the Development Centers for Handicapped Minors ( DCHM ) in California. The retarded child is a human being and may be assumed to have the same basic equipment as the normal child. If we expand and prolong the development stated of the normal child we will be able to lead the DCHM child through these states in slow motion to insure progress.

To develop a curriculum, an assessment of the abilities of the child was necessary. …

The Teaching Of Concrete Thinking Strategies To Five-Year-Old Children And Its Effect On Performance On The Bender-Gestalt Test, Ronald C. Bennett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to examine the effect teaching five and one-half to six-year-old children analytical and conceptual thinking strategies would have on their subsequent performance on the Bender-Gestalt Test. The sample was composed of 34 kindergarten children in this age range from the Providence Elementary School. They were randomly divided into two groups of equal size; one group was then given three 10-minute training sessions over three days which were designed to teach them analytical and conceptual thinking strategies. The other group was also given three 10-minute sessions with the investigator; however, they were only involved in looking at …

Assessment Of Parental Attitudes Toward Mental Retardation In Relation To The Mentally Retarded Child's Adjustment In School, June S. Church

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A review of developmental psychology reflects vigorous research concerning the relationships between parental behavior and attitudes and child personality and behavior.The research findings are generally consistent in demonstrating that the child's familial experiences are prime determinates of his personality. Within this context, there is mounting evidence of the pervasive and dramatic effects of early experience on later development. The significance of the attitudes and conceptions. which parents exhibit toward their children is aptly illustrated by Schulman, Shoemaker and MQelis (1962). In a study of conduct problem children and non-conduct problem children, they found that the parents of conduct problem children …

An Inquiry Into Personality Development: A Theory Of Symbiotic Relationship, Kenneth William Chittick

Graduate Thesis Collection

This thesis presents an inquiry into personality development, that is, it advances a theory of personality formation based on the symbiotic relationship between mother and child. It will show indications from the research of Rappoport, Ottinger and Simmons, and the writings of Mahler, that in the relationship between the infant and its mother, the infant at first thinks that the mother is an actual part of its own wholeness. Therefore, the theory will attempt to explain how a normal, a neurotic or a psychotic personality structure of later years can be traced back to the symbiotic phase of the infant's …

Referral Information Preferences In The West Virginia Vocational Rehabilitation Program, Donald George Auer

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Public Law 565 in 1954 affected the placement activities provided for the handicapped by State Employment Security (ES) agencies following vocational rehabilitation services rendered by State Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR) agencies. Problems relating to standardization and uniformity in referral transmittals of handicapped persons between the two agencies would be expected to arise. With effective and sustained employment of clients following placement service a mutual goal of both agencies, it is important that each group should agree to basic psychological, vocational, social, educational and medical referral items and methodology involved. A study of this type was published in 1958 by the Industrial …

Application Of The Principles Of Mental Hygiene To The Social Development Of Primary Children, Olive Holsapple

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Developmental Behavior Of Primary Grade School Children, Freida L. Brown

Research Problems, 1940-1991

This investigation was designed to secure information concerning the relationship of physical development to the social and emotional behavior of children in the primary classroom. It was written to utilize research already done by experts in this field.