International Relations Commons^™

Factors Supporting Turkey’S Policy To Purchase Russian S-400 Anti-Air Strike Defense Units, Chendika Yonanda, Maryam Jamila, Zulkifli Harza, Ilman Syarif Masri

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Turkey is a member of the NATO military alliance since 1952, as a member of NATO, cooperation between Turkey and Russia invites counterparts from other NATO alliance countries. But even with criticism, Turkey continues purchasing S-400 from Russia . Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that support Turkey's policy on purchasing S-400.This research is a descriptive research through internet-based literature.Turkey's policy in purchasing S-400 analyzed using the concepts of Arms, Alliances and Security Tradeoffs proposed by James D. Morrow. James stated that there are three factors that influence the state to conduct arming; economic & military technological factors, …

Turkey And The United States On The Brink: Implications For Nato And The Us-Turkish Strategic And Military Partnership, Kamal A. Beyoghlow

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This monograph analyzes the current political tensions between the United States and Turkey and suggests ways to manage them. The two countries have been strategic allies since at least the end of World War II—Turkey became a North Atlantic Treaty Organization member and participated with its military forces in the Korea War, and during the Cold War protected NATO’s southern flank against Soviet communism, and Turkey’s military and intelligence services maintained close relationships with their Western and Israeli counterparts. These relationships were not without problems, due mostly to differences over minority and civil rights in Turkey and over Turkey’s invasion …

Kurds’ Plight A Result Of Failures All Around: An Elderly Mother’S Anguish Brings Home The Points About The Wisdom Of Canada’S Defence Spending, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The article highlights the plight of the Kurds in Syria, exacerbated by Turkey's military offensive and the broader geopolitical failures surrounding the conflict. It criticizes the U.S. withdrawal from Syria, which enabled Turkey's attack on the Kurdish forces, formerly allies against ISIS. The article argues that NATO's inability to respond effectively due to its consensus rules has allowed potential genocide and ethnic cleansing by Turkey. It also critiques Canada's response, emphasizing the need for better investment in defense capabilities and peace support missions. The piece underscores the broader implications of these failures on international law and human rights, calling for …

A Deal With No Peace: Us-Taliban Deal Will Not By Itself Bring About Civilians’ Hope For An End To Afghanistan’S Long-Running War, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The article examines the recent U.S.-Taliban agreement reached in Doha, which aims to initiate a phased withdrawal of American and NATO troops from Afghanistan and pave the way for peace negotiations between the Taliban and the Afghan government. Despite the historic nature of the agreement, there are significant concerns about its effectiveness in ending the long-running conflict. The Taliban have stated they will continue their fight against the Afghan government, raising doubts about lasting peace. The article highlights the geopolitical motivations behind the agreement, including the upcoming U.S. elections and Afghan general elections. It also discusses the historical context of …

Foreign Intervention And The Process Of State Failure Case Study On Libya, Islam Mohamed Goher Mohamed

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis investigates the relationship between foreign intervention and state failure. I argue that even an ideal international multilateral humanitarian intervention in a weak state will lead to deepening state failure if the intervention was biased and driven by material rather than ethical interests, focusing on achieving military victory of one party of the internal conflict rather than a negotiated settlement between all conflict parties and ignores the responsibility to rebuild in the aftermath of the intervention.

In making this argument, I developed a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of intervention motives, patterns, forms and instruments on strengthening or …

Nato Enlargement: Poland, The Baltics, Ukraine And Georgia, Christopher M. Radcliffe

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Over the past two decades, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has enlarged several times to include a number of new countries. The first two case studies that are analyzed within this paper include key countries that were added in the 1999 and 2004 rounds of NATO enlargement: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The third case study takes a closer look at two countries, Ukraine and Georgia, that sought to become members of NATO but were denied Membership Action Plans (MAPs) because of Russian discontent and military intervention. It is questionable if Russia will use military force to disrupt the …

How Canada Can Support Un Peacekeeping, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

In August 2016, the Canadian government pledged up to 600 soldiers, 150 police officers, and $450 million over three years for UN peace operations. To enhance its peacekeeping role, Canada should focus on training and security sector reform in Afghanistan, jump-start a UN Emergency Peace Service (UNEPS), and re-establish the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre. Re-engaging in Afghanistan would demonstrate Canada's commitment to peacekeeping and NATO, despite the risks and past challenges. UNEPS, proposed to address rapid response gaps, and a revitalized Pearson Peacekeeping Centre would bolster Canada's peacekeeping capabilities and international standing. This approach aligns with Canada's historical peacekeeping legacy and …

A Mission To Mali Is Already A Lost Opportunity, So Let’S Focus On Afghanistan’S ‘Forgotten War, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

Erika Simpson and Sakhi Naimpoor argue that Canada's defense efforts should shift focus from a UN peacekeeping mission in Mali to revitalizing its role in Afghanistan. They criticize the Canadian government for delaying its commitment to Mali and suggest that Canada should instead concentrate on training Afghan soldiers and police to ensure stability in a war-torn country. They highlight the deteriorating security situation in Afghanistan, with the Taliban and ISIS gaining ground since Canada's combat mission ended. The authors contend that re-engaging in Afghanistan would honor the sacrifices made by Canadian forces and help rebuild critical institutions in the region.

The Little Lady That Could: Small Latvia Rejoins The Euro-Atlantic Community, Sandis Sraders

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

When the Cold War abruptly ended, Latvia found it necessary to find a new place in the international community. Its smallness, weaknesses and sensitivities as well as historic experiences made the task urgent because it needed a protector and a broader community to belong to. Like a needle in a haystack, finding these would prove challenging, primarily because not many options existed. First, only one community, the Euro-Atlantic community, could satisfy Latvia’s willingness to escape Russia’s unwanted dominance. Second, as a small state, Latvia had little influence over international affairs.

This research focuses on several distinct aspects of Latvia’s objective …

Asian Anxieties And Alliances: Balancing The Rise Of China, Adam David Crank

Theses and Dissertations

China’s rise has been met with both hope and apprehension. However, with its recent actions in the South and East China Seas, surrounding nations are becoming increasingly concerned that China may have expansionist or even hegemonic ambitions. China has taken what many of these countries consider to be aggressive actions in the past several years and months. One of the main questions now is how the surrounding nations, as well as the United States, will react to China’s actions. As of now diplomatic means of failed to resolve the crisis in the South and East China Seas.

This thesis will …

Walid & Rahima, Walid, Rahima, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Walid worked as a police officer inBaghlan County,Afghanistan, where hedid many operations with NATO and US forces. Walid was responsible for recordingoperations and distributing copies to the media. Being part of the operations was dangerous, and Walid lost many of his friendsto the Taliban.Theyevenskinned afriend for cooperating with the government. The violenceled him to say, “The terrorists have no religion.” The Taliban began entering homes and killing government officials,and paid assassinations happened in public. Walidknew he was in danger.After losing a dear friend, Walid knew then that he had lost all he was willing to lose.He fled to Pakistan where …

The Cracks In Nato's Fault Narrative: Why Nato Enlargement Fails To Explain Russian Aggression, Katherine Miller

Ex-Patt Magazine

What explains Russia’s recent behavior? Some blame the expansion of NATO for Russian aggression, but that isn’t the whole story.

Seato Stumbles: The Failure Of The Nato Model In The Third World, Louis T. Gentilucci

Student Publications

NATO as an alliance has stood the test of time since the early post-war years. Yet similar alliances such as SEATO passed into history long ago. The problem with the NATO model of alliance was its inability to be applied to the Third World. The particular circumstances of Southeast Asia prevented SEATO from becoming a true successor to the NATO alliance system. In addition, the approach of Eisenhower and his administration to Southeast Asia and anti-communist alliances was undermined by their own political needs and personal experiences. Southeast Asia was fit into the mold of the post-war period and the …

Yugoslav-Soviet Split, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Describes the political and military split between the Communist countries of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in the years after World War II until Yugoslavia's disintegration in the early 1990s.

Csdp And Nato: Rethinking The Transatlantic Security Relationship, Pia Bhathal

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

This paper explores the European Union’s (EU) security relationship with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United States (US) through the framework of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Skeptics have decried the rise of CSDP as a new security pillar, arguing that it is an attempt to balance against NATO and the US. I argue that this criticism is false. A comparison of two CSDP military operations, European Union Force Chad/CAR (EUFOR Tchad/RCA) and European Union Force Althea (EUFOR Althea), shows that operational success is heavily dependent on the EU’s ability to use NATO assets through …

Where’S The Consultation? The War Powers Resolution And Libya, Eileen Burgin

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “President Barack Obama triggered a War Powers Resolution (WPR) controversy with his military response to the anti-government rebellion and civil war in Libya in 2011. Members of Congress seized upon the WPR, questioning whether the Obama administration had complied with the WPR’s requirements when the United States launched the initial Libyan Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD) and subsequently participated in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Operation Unified Protector (OUP). Many legislators charged that President Obama had violated the WPR. Concerns centered on such issues as presidential reliance on the United Nations (U.N.) Security Council—rather than Congress—for authorization to act, …

An Ever Closer Union: The European Security And Defense Policy And The Development Of Hard Power Capabilities In The European Union, Daniel Stepanicich

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

The Kosovo War: Nato’S Opportunity, Sead Osmani

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

Divided Responsibility: Nato, The European Union, And European Defense After Cold War, Samuel Jubelirer

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

Nato Expansion During The Cold War And After, Evan Jaroff

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

Nato's Role In The Global War On Terror: Is The Alliance Obsolete?, Benjamin Forster

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

Adapting To The Twenty-First Century: A Flexible Nato, Sarah Bohman

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

The Tale Of Two Narratives: Nato As A Collective Defense And A Collective Security Institution, Anna M. Rulska

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

The goal of this project is to determine NATO's present and future roles as a collective security organization and as a security alliance. In the past, NATO has dealt with both objectives under different and changing conditions. This paper argues that throughout the entirety of its history, NATO worked as both collective security and collective defense organization. The theoretical assumptions made within the paper are supported by the analysis of the past behavior of the Alliance in respect to the relationship between the narrative of collective security and that of collective defense, and changes within that relationship. Four specific periods …

A Human Rights-Oriented Approach To Military Operations, Federico Sperotto

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Counterinsurgency is the dominant aspect of US operations in Afghanistan, and since ISAF—the NATO-led security and assistance force—has assumed growing security responsibility throughout the country, it is also a mission for the Europeans.1 The frame in which military operations are conducted is irregular warfare, a form of conflict which differs from conventional operations in two main aspects. First, it is warfare among and within the people. Second, it is warfare in which insurgents avoid a direct military confrontation, using instead unconventional methods and terrorist tactics.

© Federico Sperotto. All rights reserved.

This paper may be freely circulated in electronic or …

American Humanitarian Intervention: How National Interests, Domestic And International Factors, And 'Historical Milieu' Shape U.S. Intervention Policy, Grant Stegner

Political Science Honors Projects

This paper examines why the US intervenes militarily in some humanitarian crises, but not in others. While US national interests at stake in humanitarian intervention scenarios initially guide policy formation, causal factors such as domestic and international influences, and 'historical milieu' create an 'operational environment' in which national interests and intervention policy evolve. These causal factors are then applied to the 1999 US-led NATO intervention in Kosovo, and the US' current non-intervention in Darfur. US humanitarian interventions and non-interventions form a broader, non-linear trajectory of engagements in which past precedents and experiences continually reshape subsequent intervention policy. The critical denominator …

Quo Vadis? Polish-Ukrainian Relations In The Enlarging Europe, 1991–2004, Anna Makhorkina

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation seeks to analyze the development of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the context of the EU and NATO enlargements. It examines changes in the relationship during 1991-2004, and evaluates major factors that influenced it. The study of Polish-Ukrainian relations in 1991-2004 is important not only from an historical and geopolitical perspective, but also within the context of institutionally enlarging Europe. Poland has been a NATO-member since 1999 and an EU-member since 2004. Ukraine is a member of neither. This turns the Polish-Ukrainian relationship into a relationship between two states, where one side is an "insider" and the other an "outsider" …

The Reinvention Of Nato, Robert M. Antis

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

In 2006, NATO is operating well out of area and conducting missions beyond the collective defense limits of its founding Treaty. NATO increasingly supports humanitarian relief operations, while also engaged in Afghanistan, the Mediterranean, and African crisis spots.

These changes provide the reason to examine the thesis: only if NATO is able to effectively transform will it be able to continue in its role as the primary European security institution. This transformation of the Alliance is a process, and one that could yet come to an untimely conclusion following any crisis. How NATO has adapted so far, and the potential …

On Moral Arguments Against A Legal Right To Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention, David Lefkowitz

Philosophy Faculty Publications

As the international response to recent events in Darfur demonstrates, the restriction of authority to intervene to the United Nations poses the greater legal barrier to intervention. From a practical perspective, then, the more pressing question may be whether international law ought to be modified to permit states, or multi-state organizations, to carry out unilateral humanitarian interventions; that is, interventions that are not authorized by the United Nations. The issue here is essentially a moral one: would the incorporation of a right to unilateral humanitarian intervention entail a moral improvement to international law – for example, a decrease in the …

Ibpp Research Associates: Macedonia, Anonymous Non-Native English Speaker In Macedonia

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses what the anonymous non-native English-speaking author considers militant Albanian extremism.

United States Military Forces In The Balkans: Ending The Deployment, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores the political psychological implications of ending the deployment of United States (US) military forces in the Balkans.